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Superposition Theorem in Circuit Analysis

Network theorems

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56 views27 pages

Superposition Theorem in Circuit Analysis

Network theorems

Uploaded by

rethabileletsela36
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

NETWORK THEOREMS

SUPPERPOSITION THEOREM

This is the general principle that forms the basis for a


very powerful technique used to analyse multisource
electric circuits.
In an AC network containing more than one source of
emf, the resultant current in any branch is the
algebraic sum of currents that would be produced by
each e.m.f acting alone, all other sources of e.m.f
being replaced meanwhile by their respective internal
resistances.
COMPUTATION REQUIREMENTS

• Replace ideal voltage sources by short circuit


(E=0)
• Replace ideal current sources by open circuit
(I=0)
These steps are equivalent to replacing real
sources by their internal resistance.
FOR INSTANCE
 R2 R3 
Rp   
 R2  R3 

Net e.m. f
I
RT

E1  E2

R1  R p  R4
E1 E2
  ......................... 1
R1  R p  R4 R1  R p  R4
SUPERPOSITION THEOREM

Find the current by superposition theorem.


Replace E2 by a short circuit.
Current due to E 1 alone,
E1
I1 
R1  R p  R4
Replace E1 with a short circuit.
Current due to E2 alone

 E2
I2 
R1  R p  R4
The minus sign with I 2 shows that current
produced by E2 alone is in a direction opposite
to that produced by E1 alone.
CIRCUIT CURRENT

 E1    E2 
I     
 R1  R p  R4   R1  R p  R4 
   

This is the same equation as


equation (1). This establishes
the validity of superposition
theorem.
EXAMPLE-1-
• Find the different branch currents by
superposition theorem in the network shown
Figure 1 (a)
R1  3
R2  4
R3  2
For the 35V source alone.

R1  3
R2  4
R3  2

 R2 R3   4 2 
RT  R1     3     4.33
 R2  R3   42
Total circuit current  35 
I '1     8.083 A
 4.33 

 8.083  2 
Current in R2 , I '2     2.694 A
 24 

 8.083  4 
Current in R3, I '3     5.389 A
 24 
For the 40V source alone

 3 2 
RT  4     5.2
 3 2 
Total current, I ''2 
40
 7.692 A
5.2
 7.692  2 
Current in R1, I ''1     3.077 A
 23 

Current in R3,  7.692  3 


I ''3     4.615 A
 23 
THE ACTUAL CURRENTS VALUES

I1  I '1  I ''1  8.083  3.077   5.006 A


I 2  I '2  I ''2   2.694  7.692    4.998 A
I3  I '3  I ''3   5.389  4.615  10.004 A
EXAMPLE-2-
Using superposition theorem, find the current in
the branch AC of the network ABCD shown
Figure 2.
 0.1 
100A 20A

I 0.05
0.1
0.1

30A D 0.05 C 50A


First consider 20A Loading acting alone

 I1 
100A 20A
0.1

I2 0.05

 20  I1  I2  0.1
 20  I1 
0.1

30A D 0.05 C 50A


Loop ADCA

  20  I1  I 2   0.15  0.1I 2  0

0.15I1  0.25I 2  3.....................(1)

Loop ABCD

0.1I1   20  I1   0.05  0.1I 2  0


0.15I1  0.1I 2  1.......................(2)
Equation (1) – equation (2)

0  0.35 I 2  2

2
I 2   5.714 A
0.35
Second , Consider 50A load alone.

Let I '1  I AB I '2  ICA

0.1
50A

I 0.05
0.1
0.1

D 0.05 C 50A
EXAMPLE -2-
Find the current in R of figure 1 using the
superposition theorem. Assume the internal
source impedances are zero.
First make VS2 zero, then find the current in R due to VS1 as
indicated in figure 8.
FOR THE OTHER SOURCE
The current (IS2) from source VS2 is:

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