logarithms of complex numbers 2020

LOGARITHMS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

Let and also let so that √ and ( ⁄ )

Hence, log ( ( )) ( )

( )
( ) ( ) …………….. (1)
This is called principal value of log (x + iy)
The general value of log (x + iy) is denoted by Log (x + iy) and is given by
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) …………….. (2)
Caution: ⁄ only when x and y are both positive.
In any other case is to be determined from

SOLVED EXAMPLES:

( )

( ) ( )

()
() ( )

( )
( ) ( ) ( )

( )
( ) ( ) ( )

1. Considering the principal value only prove that ( )

Solution: Since ( ) ( )
Putting
we have ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )

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 logarithms of complex numbers 2020

2. Find the general value of ( ) ( )

Solution: ( ) √

( ) √ ( ) (General value)
Changing the sign of ,
( ) √ ( )

By addition, we get ( ) ( ) √

3. Prove that ( ) ( )
Solution: ( ) ( )
( )
( ( ))
( )
( ) ( )
( )

4. Prove that ( ) ( )
Solution: ( ) ( ( )
)

( )
( ) )

. /

. /
( )

( )
( )

( ) ( )
Exercise:
 Prove that ( )

 Prove that ( ) ( )

 Prove that ( ) ( )

5. Find the value of log [ ( )]

Solution: We have, ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

Now, ( ) ( )

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 logarithms of complex numbers 2020

( ) ( )

( )

( ) ( ) ( )

( )
6. Prove that ( )
( )
( )
Solution: We have, ( )
( ) ( )…….1

( )
( ) ( ) ( )…2

( ) ( ) ( ) …3

Using (2) & (3) in (1)

( )
We get, ( )
( )

Exercise:
( )
• prove that ( )
( )
( )
• prove that ( )
( )
( )
• prove that ( )
( )

• Separate in to real and imaginary parts ( )

Hint: ( )

7. Show that * ( )+
Solution: We have ( ) ( )

And ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )
√𝑎 𝑏
( ) b

, ( )- ( ) a
, ( )-
( ⁄ )
( ⁄ )

8. Prove that * ( )+
Solution: We have ( ) ( )

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 logarithms of complex numbers 2020

And ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )
√𝑎 𝑏
( ) b

* ( )+ ( ) a
* ( )+

Exercise
 Prove that * ( )+

√
9. Separate into real and imaginary parts √
Solution: We have √ ( )
√ √

Also √ ( ) ( )
√ ( ) √ ⁄ √ √ √
(√ ) { } √ √

√ ( )
√ √

Real Part √ ( ) & Imaginary Part √ ( )

√ √

10. Find the principal value of ( )

Solution: ( )
( ) ( )
( )[ √ ]
( )* +

( ) ( )

( )
( )
* ( ) ( )+
⁄ √
√ * ( ) ( )+ √
Exercise:
• Separate into real and imaginary parts
• Separate into real and imaginary parts ( )
• Separate into real and imaginary parts ( )( )

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 logarithms of complex numbers 2020

11. Prove that the general value of ( ) is

[ ( ) ( )]
Solution: Let

And ( ) ( )

Now, ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
[ ( )]

[ ( )]
( )

( )

[ ( ) ( )]

12. Considering only principal value, if ( ) is real, prove that its

value is ( )
Solution: Let ( )
Taking logarithms of both sides,
( ) ( )
( )* ( ) +
( )[ ]
( ) ( ) say
Where ……………..(i)
Now, ( )
Since by data z is real

from (i)
…………………(ii)
But since from (i)

( )
( )
from (ii) ( ) ( )( ) ( )

( )
13. If ( )
find
( )
Solution: ( )

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 logarithms of complex numbers 2020

( )
Taking logarithms of both sides, (( )
) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )* ( ) ( )+ ( )* ( ) ( )+

( ) * ( )+

* ( )+

( )
* ( )+

14. If ( ) prove that ( )

Where n is
any positive integer
Solution: Since ( ) ( )

we have

* ( ) ( )+
( )( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( )
* ( ) ( ) +
Equating real and imaginary parts
( ) ( )
( ) and ( )
( )
Squaring and adding, we get

15. Prove that ( ) ( ).

( ⁄ )
Solution: ( ) , ( ⁄ )
-
( ⁄ )
, ( ⁄ )
-
[ ( ⁄ )] [ ( ⁄ )]

* ( ( )) ( )+

* ( ( )) ( )+
( ⁄ )
( ) , ( ⁄ )
- ( )

, -

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