EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
MIC-MAC Session 1
Pranav Dhoj Shah, PhD
Postdoctoral Fellow
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Stanford University
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
MIC-MAC
CONTENTS:
Mic-Mac: Introduction
About Mic-Mac
Mic-Mac at a glance
Mic-Mac Modules
Types of Mic-Mac applications
Mic-Mac: Getting started- Steps
Mic-Mac: Pointers
Mic-Mac: Examples
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
INTRODUCTION
ABOUT MIC-MAC
Microsoft Excel spreadsheet based application
Based on Classical Laminated Plate theory and various failure criteria
Ease of use
Useful to plot charts to study effect of various parameters on desired
results; visual interpretation of the results
Results instantly updated with an update in the input
Packages available for different applications
Results for first ply failure (FPF), last ply failure (LPF) and progressive
damage
Ready for download at our forum website.
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
INTRODUCTION
MIC-MAC AT A GLANCE
Application information
Information bar
Macro launcher buttons
Laminate
data
Clicking on the field shows legend and unit in
information bar
Load data
Chart-quick fields ! NOTE: ALL INPUT FIELDS ARE BOLD
AND BLUE IN COLOR
Open MicMac Excel
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
INTRODUCTION
MIC-MAC MODULES
Mic-Mac has five basic spreadsheet modules as follows:
CONTROL
MODULE [0] STIFFNESS
/ STRENGTH LAMINATE
MODULI STRESS
ANALYSIS STRENGTH
ANALYSIS
Laminate
stiffness,
Input Ply compliance Stress Strength
cells and stiffness and analysis: analysis:
results and engineering stress/ failure
strength constants strains criteria
Open MicMac Excel
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF MIC-MAC APPLICATIONS
MIC-MAC INPLANE FOR SYMMETRIC LAMINATES UNDER IN-PLANE LOADS.
MIC-MAC INPLANE FOR SYMMETRIC LAMINATES UNDER IN-PLANE
STRAIN STRAINS.
MIC-MAC DUPLEX FOR SIDE BY SIDE COMPARISONS FOR TWO DIFFERENT
SYMMETRIC LAMINATE SETS UNDER DIFFERENT LOADS.
MIC-MAC FOR SYMMETRIC LAMINATES UNDER IN-PLANE AND
FLEX BENDING LOADS (CAN HAVE A SANDWICH CORE ALSO).
- CORE THICKNESS TO BE SUPPLIED IN TERMS OF THE
EQUIVALENT PLY NUMBERS.
- THE PLANE OF SYMMETRY IS MID OF THE STRUCTURE
Core
Plane of symmetry
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF MIC-MAC APPLICATIONS (continued)
MIC-MAC FOR SYMMETRIC THIN WALL SANDWICH PLATE UNDER
THIN WALL IN-PLANE AND BENDING LOADS.
- CORE THICKNESS IS CALCULATED FROM SUPPLIED
THICKNESS OF THE ENTIRE STRUCTURE.
- BOTH TOP AND BOTTOM LAMINATES ARE SYMMETRIC
ABOUT THEIR OWN PLANES OF SYMMETRY.
Top face (symmetric)
Given thickness
Core
(inch or mm)
Bottom face
(symmetric)
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF MIC-MAC APPLICATIONS (continued)
MIC-MAC FOR GENERAL SYMMETRIC OR UNSYMMETRIC
GENLAM LAMINATES UNDER IN-PLANE AND BENDING LOADS - -
- ALSO SUITABLE FOR HYBRID MATERIALS
MIC-MAC HYBRID FOR SYMMETRIC SUBLAMINATES UNDER IN-PLANE
LOADS.
- LAMINATE SUBSETS CAN BE OF DIFFERENT
MATERIALS AND STACKING SEQUENCES THUS MAKING
THE ENTIRE LAMINATE HYBRID.
Laminate subset 1
Laminate subset 2
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF MIC-MAC APPLICATIONS (continued)
FOR PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE STUDY OF GENERAL
MIC-MAC PD
LAMINATES UNDER IN-PLANE LOADS .
- ALSO SUITABLE FOR HYBRID MATERIALS
- FAILURE ENVELOPES FOR FPF AND LPF, SEQUENCE
OF PLY FAILURE, STRESS AND STRAIN HISTORY.
MIC-MAC PD-FLEX FOR PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE STUDY OF GENERAL
LAMINATES UNDER BENDING LOADS.
- ALSO SUITABLE FOR HYBRID MATERIALS
- ALSO SUITABLE FOR SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION
- FAILURE ENVELOPES FOR FPF AND LPF, SEQUENCE
OF PLY FAILURE, STRESS AND STRAIN HISTORY.
MIC-MAC SHAFT FOR THIN-WALL CIRCULAR OR CYLINDRICAL
CANTILEVER SHAFT UNDER BENDING OR TORQUE.
- ALSO CALCULATES CRITICAL SPEED FOR A
COMPOSITE DRIVE SHAFT (ASSUMPTION OF SIMPLY
SUPPORTED TIMOSHENKO’S BEAM)
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
To work with Mic-Mac application, following steps should be carried out:
1 Choose Application
Choose Mic-Mac application from the main window:
b. Choose application
a. Click
c. Click OK
Open MicMac Excel
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
2 Choose Material
Choose material data either from existing Mic-Mac material library:
LAMINAT DATA
b. Choose material
a. Click
c. Choose unit (SI or Eng)
Open MicMac Excel
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
2 Choose Material (continued)
Material data will be populated from the
library
Material properties legend
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
2 Choose Material (continued)
Material data from Mic-Mac library such as temperature, moisture, etc., do
not agree with the problem requirement, they can also be directly
overwritten in the given cells or modifying the material database (make sure
they correspond to legends), which will be described in the following slides.
Change glass
Change curing transition
temperature here temperature here
(Note: refer to
corresponding
legend)
Change moisture
content here
Change operating
temperature here
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
2 Choose Material (continued)
or add/ modify new custom material data in the main window:
a. Click
LAMINAT DATA c. Check “Modify
Materials?” box
d. OK
b. Click
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
2 Choose Material (continued)
e. Choose material to f. Enter material data and new/updated material
add or modify will be available in the material selection menu.
(if the new material data is required for future
use, save the excel file)
Open MicMac Excel
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
3 Define Laminate
Mic-Mac uses the concept of ply group, repeats and rigid body rotation.
4
3
Ply group 2
1
Laminate 2
using
Repetitions
Rigid body rotation
of laminate by
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
3 Define Laminate (continued)
Go to Mic-Mac application (e.g., in-plane):
Laminate data input section
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
3 Define Laminate (continued)
To define ply group, input a) ply angle and b) ply number.
a. Ply angles (degrees)
Ply group defined
b. Ply number of corresponding ply angle in the same column
(if no ply, enter 0)
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
3 Define Laminate (continued)
Input c) ply group repeat and d) rigid body rotation (if any).
d. Rigid body rotation (degrees)
c. Repeat
Laminate defined Mic-mac calculates
thickness of the
laminate
Mic-Mac calculates total number of plies
Open MicMac Excel
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
4 Define loads/ moments
Input a) in-plane and bending loads and b) factor of safety (if any)
a. Loads in MN/m or k/in:
Row 1 for N1, 2 for N2 and 3 for N3
Similar input cells for moments for some
applications (e.g., Flex)
b. Factor of safety, if any
Open MicMac Excel
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
5 RESULTS/ OUTPUTS
Results and outputs are automatically displayed throughout Mic-Mac
window. Results include, but not limited to, ply, laminate stiffness,
stresses and strains developed, multiple angles, strength ratio, data for
intact and degraded laminates, etc.
Units for some significant result variables (unless otherwise stated):
Stiffness/Modulus: msi [Eng] or GPa [SI]
Stress/Strength: ksi or MPa
Thickness: mils or mm
Input load: kip/in or MN/m
Input Moment: kip or MN
Strains: 10-3
e.g., result for strength ratio
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
5 RESULTS/ OUTPUTS (continued)
“Finder” macro button is a convenient feature to locate results of interest
in the Mic-Mac spreadsheet.
a. Click on “Finder”
b. Finder window opens
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
5 RESULTS/ OUTPUTS (continued)
“Finder” macro button is a convenient feature to locate results of interest
in the Mic-Mac spreadsheet.
c. Choose the e. Results are highlighted in
required result Mic-Mac sheet.
field Green: legend
Yellow: value
d. Click
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
6 RESULTS/ OUTPUTS :CHART-QUICK
One of the main strengths of Mic-Mac:
Plots charts for user defined/selected variables and provides visual
interpretation of the results.
Input cell: will
provide data for
x-axis when the
Chart-Quick chart is plot
input section
Output cell: will provide data for y-
axis when the chart is plot.
Maximum 3 outputs allowed
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
6 RESULTS/ OUTPUTS :CHART-QUICK (continued)
Define variables to be used to plot a chart.
a. Equate required input cell with the input field of Chart-quick.
As Mic-Mac automatically changes the value in Chart-quick input field (how?
will be shown in later slide), the equated value in chosen input field (here,
rotation) is also changed.
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
6 RESULTS/ OUTPUTS :CHART-QUICK (continued)
b. Equate Chart-quick output cells with the result cell in the spreadsheet
which needs to be captured for plotting the curve.
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
6 RESULTS/ OUTPUTS :CHART-QUICK (continued)
f. Input plot
parameters
Starting (min) and
ending (max) value
for input field (x-axis
of the chart);
Mic-Mac will
automatically change
e. Click the values from min
to max e.g., here,
rotation angles
Increments in x-axis
Output series legend
Number of output (series
variables)
g. Click to plot chart Maximum is 3
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
GETTING STARTED- STEPS
6 RESULTS/ OUTPUTS :CHART-QUICK (continued)
Chart-Quick plot
Y-axis:
Chart-Quick
output
(results from
Mic-Mac)
X-axis: Chart-Quick input
EXAMPLE 10:
MIC-MAC: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
IMPORTANT POINTERS
POINTERS
After finishing the analysis and before starting a new analysis in
Mic-Mac, always reset the input fields to default values. Input
cells fonts are bold and blue in color.
The guideline given here is for general purpose. Some of the
Mic-Mac applications have additional fields designed for the
specific purpose.
To get the definition and unit for a particular cell, clicking on it
will display them in the information bar.
The “Finder” button will guide the user to the correct cells for the
required results.
Mic-Mac software is frequently updated and updates should be
available in the Composites Design Tutorial website for the past
and present tutorial participants.
EXAMPLES AND EXERCISES
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXAMPLES
(1) Symmetries of transformed [Q]
(Slide 31)
35.00
30.00
25.00
Q11
20.00
Q22
15.00
U1
10.00
5.00
0.00
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Application: Mic-Mac Inplane
Material: Im6/epoxy [Eng]
Ply: [0]s --------------- Rotate the laminate from 0 to 180 degrees
Q11: cell S[15]
Q22: cell S[16]
U1: cell K [27]
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXAMPLES
(2) Linear combinations of [Q]
(Slide 32)
8.00
6.00
Q11
4.00 Q11+Q22
I/1
2.00
0.00
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Application: Mic-Mac Inplane
Material: E-Glass/epoxy [Eng]
Ply: [0]s --------------- Rotate the laminate from 0 to 180 degrees
Q11: cell S[15]
Q22: cell S[16]
Q12: cell S[17]
I1: Q11+Q22 +2Q12
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXERCISE
a. Linear combinations of [Q]
(Slide 32)
35.00
30.00
25.00
Q11
20.00
Q11+Q22
15.00
I1
10.00
5.00
0.00
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Application: Mic-Mac Inplane
Material: Im6/epoxy [Eng]
Ply: [0]s --------------- Rotate the laminate from 0 to 180 degrees
Q11: cell S[15]
Q22: cell S[16]
Q12: cell S[17]
I1: Q11+Q22 +2Q12
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXAMPLES
(3) Q11 of various composites
(Slide 37)
Application: Mic-Mac Duplex
Duplex allows side by side comparison of two different laminates
Compare Q11 for T300/5208 and ScothPly (E-Glass/epoxy] [SI] and
Aluminum [75.71 GPa]
Ply: [0]s --------------- Rotate the laminate from -20 to 140 degrees
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXAMPLES
(4) Engineering Constants and
Ply stiffness
(Slide 39)
Application: Mic-Mac Inplane
Material: T300/N5208 [SI]
Ply: [0]s --------------- Rotate the laminate from -15to 90 degrees
Q11 and E1, although are same for 0 and 90 degrees, they are not
identical for other angles.
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXERCISE
b. Major Poisson’s ratio (nu21)
(Slide 39)
Application: Mic-Mac Inplane
Material: T300/N5208 [SI]
Ply: [0]s --------------- Rotate the laminate from -15to 90 degrees
As the angle approaches 90 degree, the major Poisson’s ratio (nu21)
approaches the minor Poisson’s ratio (nu12).
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXAMPLES
(5) Hint for HW problem # 5
Application: Mic-Mac Inplane
Material: Im6/ep [SI]
Ply: [45]s
Check the values of S16 and S12 (and use constitutive equation 3.6)
Apply a unit load in direction-1 and check what will be the value of shear
stress as well as normal stresses?
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
MIC-MAC Session 2
Pranav Dhoj Shah, PhD
Postdoctoral Fellow
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Stanford University
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
MIC-MAC
Examples will be presented, followed by exercise problems.
Last session, we gave a primer in Mic-Mac.
If you have two computers, you can open this presentation in one and
Mic-Mac in another. This way, you can follow the steps we show during this
presentation.
Else you can open Mic-Mac and switch between the presentation and
Mic-Mac windows in one computer.
We will periodically stop for a minute or two to let you do the exercise
problem, following which we will show you how to solve the problem.
EXAMPLE
QUICK 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
REVIEW
Quick review of topics covered from last week on
introduction to Mic-Mac.
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXAMPLES
Zoom-in feature using Mic-Mac Chart-Quick
Application: Mic-Mac Inplane
Material: T300/N5208 [SI]
Ply: [0]s : Rotate the laminate from 0 to 90 degrees
Variables: Q11 and Q66
Stiffness Q
21 increments from 44 to 50 degrees
Angle of rigid body rotation
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXAMPLES
(1) Engineering Constants and Ply stiffness
Stiffness Q
Angle of rigid body rotation
Application: Mic-Mac Inplane
Material: T300/N5208 [SI]
Ply: [0]s : Rotate the laminate from -15to 90 degrees
Variables: Q66 and E6
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXERCISE
(A) Engineering Constants and Ply stiffness
Application: Mic-Mac Inplane
Material: Im6/Epoxy [SI]
Ply: [0]s : Rotate the laminate from -15to 90 degrees
Variables: Q22 and E2
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXAMPLES
(2) Solve HW Problem #5 using Mic-Mac
Application: Mic-Mac Inplane
Material: T300/N5208 [Eng]
Ply: [45]s
Load: Apply unit load N = {1,0,0}
Variables: signs of S11, S12 and
S16 and strains.
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXERCISE
(B) Solve HW Problem # 6 using Mic-Mac
Application: Mic-Mac Inplane or Duplex
Material: T300/N5208 [Eng]
Ply: [45]s
Load: Apply unit load N = {1,0,0}
Variables: magnitudes of transverse
strains due to Poisson’s effect
Hint: First run analysis to get transverse strain for [0] ply,
then run similar analysis for [90] ply
or run both analyses simultaneously in Mic-Mac Duplex
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXAMPLES
(3) Invariants of transformation
Stiffnesses
Like isotropy, anisotropic moduli have limits as well. (detail in tomorrow’s
lecture by Prof. Tsai).
There exist certain linear combinations of stiffness [Q] which remain
constant in magnitude with changing ply angle orientation. Same applies
to compliance [a].
Invariants are (Eq. 3.9):
I1 = Qxx + Qyy + 2Qxy = Q11 + Q22 + 2Q12
I2 = Qxx + Qyy + 2Qss = Q11 + Q22 + 2Q66
J2 = Sxx + Syy + Sss/2 = S11 + S22 + S66/2
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXAMPLES
(3) Invariants of transformation
Stiffnesses
Replicate the first graph:
Application: Mic-Mac Inplane
Material: T300/N5208 [SI]
Ply: [0]s : Rotate the laminate from 0 to 90 degrees
Variables: Q11, Q11 + Q22 (= I1- 2Q12: 2Q12 is plotted inverted) and
Q11+Q22+2Q12 (= I1)
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXERCISE
(C) Invariants of transformation
Stiffnesses
Replicate the second graph:
Application: Mic-Mac Inplane
Material: T300/N5208 [SI]
Ply: [0]s : Rotate the laminate from 0 to 90 degrees
Variables: Q11, Q11 + Q22 (= I2 - 2Q66: 2Q66 is plotted inverted) and
Q11+Q22+2Q66 (= I2)
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
MESSAGE
Invariants of transformation
Significance
For a given ply material, there is a limit to the stiffness potential to be achieved.
Increase in the stiffness in one direction is at the expense of that in some other
direction. The number of independent variables we can choose for a material is limited
to two; this limit is imposed by the invariants. How?
I1 = Qxx + Qyy + 2Qxy = Q11 + Q22 + 2Q12
I2 = Qxx + Qyy + 2Qss = Q11 + Q22 + 2Q66
Say, we choose Q11 and Q66. Due to I1 and I2, other terms, Q12 and Q22 are fixed for that
particular set of Q11 and Q66. Same applies if we choose other sets of combinations.
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXAMPLES
(4) Comparison using Duplex
Compare the effect of rigid body rotation on stiffness A*11 of
[0/90]s and [(0)2/90]s laminates.
Material : T300/5208 [SI]
Rigid body rotation: 0 to 180 degrees
Application: Duplex
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXERCISE
(D) Comparison using Duplex
Compare the effect of rigid body rotation on stiffness A*11 of
[60/-60]s and [(60)2/-60]s laminates.
Material : T300/5208 [SI]
Rigid body rotation: 0 to 180 degrees
Application: Duplex
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXAMPLE
(5) Comparison
Take [30/-30]s laminate and rotate it to check if we can achieve A*11 for that of
[(0)2/(90)/(+-45)/(90)/(+-45)2]s.
Note:
For [(0)2/(90)/(+-45)/(90)/(+-45)2]s,
A*11 = 10.508 msi
Material: Im6/ep [Eng]
Rigid body rotation: 0 to 90 degrees
Application: In-Plane
EXAMPLE 10: USING MICMAC‐SHAFT
EXERCISE
(E) Comparison
Take [30/-30]s laminate and rotate it to check if we can achieve A*66 for that of
[(0)2/(90)/(+-45)/(90)/(+-45)2]s.
Note:
For [(0)2/(90)/(+-45)/(90)/(+-45)2]s,
A*66 = 4.47 msi
Material: Im6/ep [Eng]
Rigid body rotation: 0 to 90 degrees
Application: In-Plane
