Drying Equipments

Spray Dryer

As the name implies, it uses spray in drying a liquid or
slurry solution mixed with heated gas. Air and liquid may be in
a counter current or co-current Ilow. A large dryer body is
necessary Ior the particles not to stick on the walls or solid
surIaces as they dry. This type oI dryer dries a product very Iast
that it is advantageous compared to other types when it comes
to thermally-sensitive materials. It is used Ior batch production.
Spray dryers are used in Iood (chocolate powder, coIIee, milk
powder, etc) and pharmaceutical (medical ingredients)
industries.




1ray Dryer

It is a type oI dryer in which the material is
spread out on a tray where in the steam-heated air
sweeps across and parallel to the trays, removing the
moist vapors. Tray dryers are used in chemicals and
pharmaceutical industries. It is used in drying
grapes, potato chips, granules, etc.





Roller or Drum Dryer

It is a type oI dryer consisting oI a heated steel
cylinder with the Ieed spread over the surIace oI the roll. The
drying takes place while being heated by the steam Irom the
inside and then dry solid is scraped oII. It is used in drying
liquid or liquid suspensions in a continuous process. Using
drum dryers, potato slurry is dried to yield potato Ilakes.








Fluidized Bed Dryer

The Ieed material is maintained suspended against
gravity in an upward-Ilowing air stream. Through the dryer,
there may be an air Ilow conveying the Ieed. The transIer oI
heat Irom air to the Ieed is through convection. This type oI
dryer is used in Iood industry.





Rotary Dryers

A rotary dryer consists oI a large
horizontal-slightly-inclined cylindrical tube that the
material moves through the shell Irom the Ieed end
to the discharge end as it rotates and into direct
contact with heated gas. There are cases oI gas
streams in counter current Ilow (moving Irom
discharge end to the Ieed end), but in some cases,
gas streams are in co-current Ilow (moving Irom
the Ieed end to the discharge end). Rotary dryers
are applied in Iood, chemical, and mineral
industries. These are used in powdered detergents,
metal powders, industrial chemicals, insulation
materials, etc.


Freeze Dryer
The drying takes place in a high vacuum chamber with the material in it aIter undergoing
Ireezing process. Heat is transIerred to the Iood by conduction or radiation and then the vapour is
pumped out. When water has been removed, the Ieed is stored in vacuum sealed packs to keep
air and moisture Irom reaching them. Pharmaceutical industry uses this dryer Ior moisture-
sensitive medicinal compound preservation. This is also used in Iood industry like in making an
instant coIIee.




umidifying Equipments

arm Mist Humidifier
ostly, units cool the air beIore heating the water to reduce
the risk oI burns. To help reduce cough, a medicated inhalant is
added to the vapour.


;aporation ick Humidifier
The wick or Iilter expels the water as a spray or mist Irom the unit. Increasing the
humidity oI air will slow down the evaporation rate thus making a selI-regulating unit. The wick
Iilter can be quite large and takes up most oI the room inside oI a humidiIier`s casing.

mpeller Humidifier
With these models, it is a spinning disk in the water that creates the
mist. This process is generally a lot quieter than a Ian. A rotating disc
Ilings water at a diIIuser, which breaks the water into Iine droplets that
Iloat into the air.

Ultrasonic Humidifier
This is a very quiet humidiIier and uses a very little
electricity. A small metal diaphragm vibrates at an ultrasonic
Irequency which breaks the water thus eventually creating a mist. It
can release minerals present in the water into the air with the vapour
mist and these minerals take the Iorm oI a 'white dust. Ultrasonic
humidiIier does not require replacement Iilters.