I

I
-
1.

, , 55.
. V
,
.
IX (
), XV ,

.
,
(Sir Francis singham),
" " 1588. .
(Henry) VIII
, .
( , ,
.), , (Oliver
Kromwelt) 1647., ,
. ,
XVIII XIX .
" " : " , 1776.
1781., "Foreign Office"
".1
(1939. )
1

: Ponting, Give, Secrecy in Britain,

Oxford: Basil Blackwell, lnc, Cambridge: Cambridge Center, 1990, pp 16-22.

40
Military Intelligence (MI 1,2,3....40).
, (MI6 MI5).

,
- , ,
.
2. -
, ,
XX , : 1 /
(The Security Service 27. 1989. 2/
(Intelligence Services Act) 26. 1994. .
-
, (Prime minister)
,
(secretary of the Cabinet).
(Ministerial Committee on the
Intelligence Services - IS), -
2,

, ,
(National
Intelligence Machinery). IS

. IS cy: (), ,
.
-
(Permanent Secretaries Committee on the
Intelligence Services - PSIS),
. : 1/
2

"National Intelligence Machinery", London: The Stationary Office, 2001, p. 12; : Central Intelligence
Machinery, Internet 09/08/2005, www.fas.org/irp/world/uU/cim. Ibid, p. 12

 , ; 2/
; 3/

.
,
.3 PSIS (),
, .
PSIS
, ,

.
( ) ,
,
( ).4
MIS PSIS,

. (Joint

Intelligence Committee -JIC),

. 5
SIS GCHQ,
1994. , JIC je

(Security and Intelligence Coordinator)6
,
.
. JIC
: 1/
,
, ; 2/
( )

; 3/

3a 2002/2003. 893 ;
, , . cit, . 227.
5
"National Intelligence Machinery",
op. at., p. 15.
6
Central Intelligence Machinery , Internet 09/08/2005, www.fas.org/irp/world/uk/cim.
4


; 4/
,
; 5/

, , ; 6/
7/

. 7 , JIC je

.
. ,
. JIC je
, pa (Current
Intelligence Groups - CIG), .
op (Joint Intelligence Organisation - JI0),
JIC, IC . , JIC y
(Assessments Staff),
(Coordinator's Group) (Joint Intelligence Secretariat). je
,
( .).8
/ Ml-5 {Sub
Committee on Security Service Priorities&Performance (SO SSPl-) je
MI-5; ,
PSIS.

, , , ,
, , , GCHQ, MI-5, M1-6,
.
,
.
7

Ibid, p. 19; National Intelligence Machinery,

Internet 13/04/2002, www.archive.ufficial/
documets.co.uk/ document/cabo/f/nim/01
1430 1808.pdf
8
: "National Intelligence Machinery", op. cit., pp 17-18.

 MI-5
(
) .


(intelligence and Security Committee - ISC),

1994.

ISC

MI-5, MI-, GCHQ.9

{ring of secrecy), je

.

. , ,
.10

,
. , ,
, -
, , .11
,
,
. To , .
,
.
,
,

).

.
: 1/
9

"Intelligence Srvice Act 1994", 26th May 1994, Chapter 13, 10 (1): The Intelligence and Secnrit)
Committe.
10
Ibid.
11

: , , . cif., crp.

 (SIS - Secret
Intelligence Service, Foreign Office), Military Intelligence 6 (MI6)
2/ (SS - Security Service,
Howe Office, Military Intelligence (MIS); 3/
(Government Communications
Headquarters - GCHQ, Foreign Office); 4/ (Special
Branch oj Scotland Yard); 5/ )
(Defence Intelligence Service - DIS, Department of Defence), ,

. ,

, , , BBC
(BBC Monitoring service)

(
)
,
.
3. -

3.1.
(Secret Intelligence Service - SIS) - MI6

(MI6), ,
.
, MI6 , .
( ,
.) MI6 , , -
,
, , .12

(ColonialIntelligence Department - CID),

12

"Thm" .

.14 1912. ,
aje (Foreign Section of the Secret Service Bureau)
(Sir Mansfield Cumming), Bojno
op. 6 (Military Intelligence - Ml6),
.
, a 1922. ,
SIS/ MI6. CIA
"" (The ), 16 "" (The Firm)
13
"" (The Friends).

MI6 ,
,
. 1, 1, 13
1994. , " (SIS MI6)
, 2 ,
: 1/
2/
14. , MI6
,
,
.15 MI6

, , ,
CSI. MI6 , -

.16
MI6
. , : )
MI6

- (1) , (II)
13
14
15
16

Ponting, Clivc, op. at., p. 8, 9-11.

Secret Intelligence Service, Intcrncr O8/U4/2OO2, www.fn.s.org/irp/world/uk/mi6.
"Intelligence Service Act 1994", 26th May 1994, Chapter 13, Section 1 . : Secret Intelligence Service,10,2).
MCHC , MI6 je capay ca CIA HUMINT

 , (III) y
, (IV) )
apje
.
MI6, :
1958.

. MI6
,
.17
MI6 , : Albert Embankment 85, Vauxall Cross, a
2.500 .
,
, . (
), BBC, .,
.
: ( );
; ; (
).
.
, MI6
: , , , ,
, . ,
.
, (Oxford),
(Cambridge) (Edinburg) .
.
,
,
,
.
17

Ibid, 2,3.

(long-term intelligence), " ", 3VII6

. (
)
. (recruiting),


.

.
( )
.
,
, "" (
),

""
,
.
"",

.
MI6 -
.
(Oleg Penkovsky),
,
"" 1963. ,
. MI6 CIA,
,
. ,

MI6 CIA " " .

10

. " "
,
, " " (defector in place)
.18
, , MI6
" ", , ad hoc
. , M16
(, .),
. MI6

"",
, .
( ,
, .)
.
3.2. 19

(GCHQ)

.
(Government Code and Cypher School), 1919. ,
o (Bletchley Park) . 20
1946. , 1952.
(Cheltenham) , ,

18

: Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri, The CIA mid American Democracy, New Haven; Yale University Press,
1989, p. 50-52, 1 1 4 , 1 5 1 ; Johnson, Loch K, U, X. lnteJIigtncf in a hostile world, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996, p.
179; , , , , 2004, . 20(1-202.
19

20

Government Communications Headquarters - GCHQ

Ponting, Give, op. at., p. 19.

11

.21 GCHQ ,
M16. 4.000
GCHQ,
, (, ,
). GCHQ UKUSA , SIGINT (ELIN'T, COMINT) ECHALON,
NSA.
1994. , GCHQ : 1 /
,
,
;
2/ : ) ,
)
,
,
,
. GCHQ :
, a
;

. 22
, GCHQ
.23
GCHQ PSIS,
.
.
,

,
,
.
21
22
23

"National Intelligence Machinery", op. cit., p. 7.

"Intelligence Service Act 1994", op. cit.. Section 3: Government Communications Hea 0,2).
Richelson, Jeffrey T., op. at., p. 15.

12

 ,
, ,
.
, a
(Communications Electronics Security Group CESG),

. 24

: 1/ -
- (SIGINT Operations and Requirements); 2/
(Organisation and Establishment 3/
SIGINT (SIGINT Plans/DP) 4/
(Communications Security).25
, .
, : (Cryptoana lysis - ),
SIGINT (Statisticaloperations - S).26
GCHQ
,
.
(, , , ),
(, , .), ( ).
UKUSA ,
,
.27
,
- ,
"" NSA, . ,
, GCHQ 6.000 , 1997.
4.500. GCHQ 400 .
(Francis Richard),
24

MI5,
,
.
25
Richelson, Jeffrey T., op. cit., . 16.'
26
,

; : , , , ,
, , . cit
27
GCHQ, Internet 12/04/2002, www.gchq.gov.uk.

13

 1998. .28
3.3. - 29
(MI5) 1909. (Secret Service
Bureau) (Committee of Imperial
Defence). 1916. ,
(Directorate of
Military Intelligence) (War Ojftce)
. 5 (Military intelligence - All5).
15. 1931. ,
MI5.30
, MI5

,
apje. ,
, MI5

,
.
,


.
.31
MI5 (Home Office).
Thames House, y . Millbank ,
.32 1989.
,
,
28

"National Intelligence Machinery",

29

(Security service - l5)

30

"MI5 - The Security Service", London: The Stationery Office, 1996, p. 9, 35-37.
"The Security Service", Internet 17/11/2001, www.mi.gov.uk/briefhis.htm
: , , , , , , op. cit.

31
32

op, a/,, p. 8.

14

. ,
MI5 .33

,
.
, MI5,
, .

,
, ", ,

, ". 34
MI5 :
. "" () ,
,
.
MI5
{ProvisionalIrish Republican Army - PIRA), IRA "
" (Republican Sinn Fein's "military win)
(Irish National Liberation Army -INLA) .35 Ha
, MI5
,
,
, , GIA .,
. 36
,
,
,
33

1993.
{Stellti Rjmiiigton),
M16 MI5.
34
"The Security Service Act 1989", Chapter 5, 1 (2, 3)". - In: MIS - The Security S'errice {Third
35
dition, London: The Stationery Office, 1996, p. 41.
36


. MI5 ;
Ibid, p. 10

15

 . 37
2005. ,

. 38
MI5
CCP
.39 MI5
XX , CCP
. ,

,
.
,

.40 MI5

,
.
(Protective Security) MI5

. To ,
,
, .

,
,
.
37

,


1995. 1997. ,
.
38
100
. 1969. 1996. , , 3.600
;
Chalk , Peter, Rosenau , William ,
op. at., p. 7.
39
: Richelson, Jeffrey T, Foreig...., op. tit., p. 32.
40
: "The Security Service Act 1989", op. tit., p. 17.

16

 (modus operandi)
, .

GCHQ.
, ,
, ,
, (National Criminal Intelligence
Service - NIS)
"" (serious crime),
.41 14. 1996. ,
MI5 -

.
, MI5 1992.

. MI5 :

;
,

,

.42
MI5 ,
. MI5
( ) . ,
,
,
2005. .
,
41

"The Security Service Act 1989", Chapter 5, 1 (4).

42

M15 je 1992, 700 .

17

. , MI5
:
1989. ,

,
. je
,
,

,
;43

, ( )
MI5.
" ", ,

1994. ;
- 1985.
( )
.

;
-

1994. ,

(ISC) (
MI6 GCHQ), , ;
-

MI5,

MI5 (SO SSPP)

;
-

PSIS (National Audit

Office), MI5.44
1989.
MI5: / je MI5
, / /
43
44

Ibid, "The Director-General", 2 (1,2,3,4).

"MI5 - The Security Service (Third edition)"..., op, cit., p. 31.

18

 (The Security Service Tribunal) ,

MI5.45 1994.
(The Security Service Commissioner), je
. ,
,
, .
,

, : MI5;
MI5 ;
MI5; MI5
, ( )
.46

.

(
). ,
,
,
" ".
, MI5.
,
.
(),
() ,
.

,
, , , .
. , MI5
45

Organization-Security Service MI5, Internet 09/08/2005, www.fas.org/irp/uorld uk/mi5/org.htm.

,
.
Security Service (Third edition)"..., op. cit., p. 31.
46

19


{Director and koordinator of Intelligence/Northenr Ireland),
.
MI5 :
-

(Intelligence Collection and Production,Information Management)',

-

(Espionage, Serious crime, Protective Security);

-

(International Terrorism, Proliferation) ;

-

. " " (Terorismrelated to

Northern Ireland);
-

(Intelligence/Northern

Ireland);
-

, ,

(Personnel, Securit, Finance and Facilities Maageme

-

(Legal Advisers).47

,

MI5.
, .
MI5 2.000 .
, 340
( ), 13
.
MI5 ,
", ,

". 1992. MI5

70% , 25%

47

Ibid, p. 28: Richelson, Jeffrey T., op. cit., p. 34; Organization-Security Service MI5, Internet 09/08/2005,
www.fas.org/irp/world/uk/mi5/org.htm.

20

 (), (5%)
. 48 MI5
.
MI5 ,
,

.
(Special Branch of Scotland Yard) .
, M15
MI5, , ,
.49
3.4. 50
1883.
,
(Irish Special Branch).
SB je ,

MI5.
, 350 I960. , 1.750 1984.
. , ,
,
.
SB : 1/
,
; 2/ ; 3/
; 4/
48

MI5 1989. .
: , , , , . , op. at.
49
M15 Burgess, Blunt, ""
( ), .
(. Hougbton, BiaM, l'assall, Pointing, Beltatieu, ); , , op. cit., . 235.
50

Special Branch of Scotland Yard - SB)

21

 ; 5/

; 6/

7/

SB MI5,
, ,
,
. 51 SB
je y .52 je y :
(Ports), (Administration) (Operations),53
SB cy
MI5 .
SB 43
MI5.
,
SB
, MI5. SB
,
MI5.54
-
(Defence Intelligence Staff- DIS)

. DIS -
,

.
51

: Richelson, Jeffrey T, op. a'/., p. 35

je 1829. ,
(MPS). , ,
: ; ,
.
.
53
SB : Fido, Martin, Skinner, Keith, The Official Encyclopedia of Scotland Yard, London: Virgin Books,
1999, p. 246 etc.
54
Chalk, Peter, Rosenau, William, "Confronting the "Enemy Within" - Security hitclligtna; TL P'...-.and Counttrterrarism Four
Democracies", op. cit., p. 13.
52

22

, DIS

(Central Intelligence Machi-nery).

1964. , (three sen'iff
intelligence staffs) {joint Intelligence Bureau
- JIB), ,
. 55

.56
- , DIS je
, e,
,

, -
cy y . DIS
, .
cy y ,
,
,


. , DIS
, .


.
DIS (Chief
of Defence Intelligence - CDI), je DIS. , CDI je

. DIS je
, .
: 1)
55

"National Intelligence Machinery", op. cit., p. 11.

pe DIS ( ,
)
56

23

 (Directorate of Management and Support

Intelligence - DM57); 2) (Directorate of Scientific
and Technical Intelligence - DSTI); 3) - (Directorate of
Service Intelligence - DSI) 4) (Directorate of Economic
Intelligence - DEI).57
, DIS je :

l)

(Defence Intelligence Analysis Staff - DIAS) 2)

(Intelligence and geographic Resource Staff - IGRS). DIAS je

CDI
, GCHQ,
MI6, MI5
DIS. IGRS je
(Director-General Intelligence & Geographic Resources/DGIGR). O


. IGRS je

{Joint Air Reconnaissance Intelligence Center -JARIC),

pa {Defence Intelligence and Security center DISC), {Military Survey Defence Agency Mi) 58 , JARIC MS 2000.
{Defence Geographic and Imagery
Intelligence Agency - DGIA).59
y (IFOR)
DIS. DIS je
,
DIS, , , ,
.
IFOR, a
. ,
IFOR, -
57

: Richelson, Jeffrey T., op. tit., pp 28-29; , , , ,

, , op. tit.
58
: Military Survey Defence Agency,Internet 09/08/2005, www.fas.org/irp/world/
uk/dis/ms/htm
59
: Defence Intelligence Staff,Internet 09/08/2005, www.fas.org/irp/world/uk/dis

24

 DIS. , DIS je
WEU ,
ad hoc ."60
DIS
: (Military Intelligence - Ml),
(Field Secret Service - FSS),
(Naval Intelligence - N1) (Air Force
Intelligence -AFT).
{Military Intelligence - MI) je
,
.
, ,
a
.
Tepea {Field Security Service - FSS) je

( , a
, ).
, ()
,
Boje
.
.
(Naval Intelligence - NT),
, 1832. ,
.
1964. je y .
,
, -
.
60

Ibid.

25

 .
(Air Force Intelligent
,
.

.
,
,
. (Special
Air forces Service - SAS) y .

'

",

je y

- .
" "
, ,
.61
(Defence
Geographic and Imagery Intelligence Agency - DGIA)

(DGIA)
1. 2000. , -
JARIC MS.62 , DGIA
e

,

.
:
, , )
. ,

(Defence Geographic Centre).

61

Wood, Furriest, SAS & other Special hones, Glasgow: Harper Collins Publishers, 196.
Defence Geographic and Imagery Intelligence Agency (DGIA), Internet /OS 2'" ;,
\w.A\-.tas.org/irp/ world/uk/dis/dgia. htm.
62

26

. DGIA
,

.
(Strategic Defence Kevien).
,
, ,

,

.63

(National Criminal Intelligence Service - NCIS)
(NCIS) 1992.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
500 , ,
.
, ,
, ,
.
NCIS : (Headquarters),
(United Kingdom) (International Division).

63

: Select Committee on Defence, Fifth Report, The Defence Committee has .-tv.to the following Report: The Defence
Geographic and Imagery Intelligence Agency; Central Intelligence Machinery, Internet 09/1)8/2005, www.fas.org/irp/world/uk/.

27

 , ,
.
.
(, , ,
), -
. " "
(European Drugs Liaison officers -DUJ) y , a
.
Interpola,
NCIS 176 a.
NCIS
. ,
, (money
launderers) , .64

64

"National Criminal Intelligence Service", Internet, 10/04/2002, wre.ncis.gov.uk/ briefhis.htm; www.fas.

org/irp/world/uk/ncis.

28

, ( )
.
. XV ,

, ""
(, , .)
. XVIII XIX
( , .), o
. ,
XIX ,
(II DST), , "",
1875. .

( , ).

(II )
, , 1942.

. , ,
, .
-,
- 1958.
,
- .
( , )
-
. ,
,

29

, .
, , ,
.
"",
, .
1984.
" "
, ,
.
-
(

)
- ,
. , (Je general De Gaulle),
. ,
. " "
.
, ,
,
.
, ,
,
.
, ,

, , ,
.
-
, .
- (Comite lnterministeriel du
Renseignement - CIK) , a
30

 ,
( ).
- .
7 ({Secretariat
General de la Defense Rationale - SGDN), ,
.65 SGDK ,
,
.66 SGDN : 1/
,

,
-

,
; 2/ ,

; 3/ ,

4/ ,

. 67
(CPR) x (
, ,
, ) ,

, .
(CSC) .
(CASD)

. , (GIC),
,
.68 ,
,
- ,
65

, , , : , 2000, . 241.
, . 241.
67
: "Secretariat General de la Defense Nationale - SGDN", Internet 04/08/2002,
www.fas.org.irp/ world/france/index.html.
66

68

: Internet 04/08/2002, www.fas.org.irp/world/france/index.html.

31

 .69
.70
: 1/
(Direction Generate de la Se'curite Exterieure - DGSE); 2/
(Direction du Renseignement Miilitaire - DRAT); 3/
(Direction de la Protection et de la Se'curite de la Defence DPSD); 4/ (Brigade de Renseignen/ent et
de Guerre Electronic - BRGE); 5/
(Service Central de la Se'curite des Systemes d'Informations -SCSSJ) 6/
(DISSI).
: 1 (Direction
Generak des Kenseigntmenn Generanx - DCRG); 2/
(Direction de id Surveillance du Territoire - DST)\ 3/ (Direction
Central* Police Judiciaire - DCJP) 4/ (Compagnies
Republicaines de Se'curite - CRS).
- ,
.

(CNCIS). , -
, , "54.
" (54 Escadron do Renseignement Air),
. Ha

: (UCLAT)
(CILAT),
.71
-
(Direction Generate de la Securite Exterieure
- DGSE)
69

(Paul'Quiles) (Artur Peach)

. ,
; Chalk, Peter, Rosenau, William, Confronting the " Within" Security Intelligence, The Police, and
Counterterrorism in Four Democracies, op. cit., pp. 22-23.
70

Purg, Adam, Qbvequevaine sluzbe, Ljubljana: Enotnost, 1995, str. 174,175; Defense and Foreign Affairs Hanbook, 1994;
, , , op. cit,, cip. 45-47.
71

, op. cit

32

 (DGSE)

1942. 1946. .
1942. (Bureau Central de Renseign d'Action
-BCRA), je y 1943. y
(la Directio services speciaux -DGSS).
6. 1944. ,
(Direction Generale des Etudes et
Recherches -DGER). ,
je
. , 1946.
DGEK (Service de
Documentation Exterieur et at Contre-Espionage - SDECE),
/72 , (Michel Debre)
,
. (Ben Barka) 1962. ,
."73
, 2. 1982.
(DGSE)74, a 4. 1982.
, SDECE. DGSE j
,
." 75
"",
, .

, 45% 1989.
72

"Informations generates sur la DGSE", DGSE.ORG non officel site, Internet, 02/04/2002, www.dgse.org; Internet
02/04/2002. ~0 SDECE oepaja. ,

(Quebec),
, "
" " ". SDECE
.
73
SDECE oepaja. ,

(Quebec),
, " " " ". SDECE
.
74
Decret no 82-306 du 2 avril 1982 portant creation et flxant tes attributions de la direction
generale de la securite
exterieure; Internet 02/04/2002, ww w.dgse.org/site_web/ special _20ans/1982 duret .php. 2
, ,
1982.
(Lacosta) DGSE
75
, ,
1982.
(Lacosta) DGSE

33

. (1993.
60%). 1996. , 2.500,
1.700 , 1.350.000.000 .

.
DGSE je 1989. .
, "des Tourel/es" ( "), 20.
. 1992.
(Noise Sec), "Fort 2000".
" 3.000 (350
), pe

,
,
.
DGSE

je

(,

, ) (
).


. ,
.
( ) ,

-
.76
(HUMINT), .

"

"

(),

76

(, , ),
(2-3
)
; , , op. at. .
243.

34

.77

,
.

,
,
. 1993. CIA je
DGSE y , , ,
Boeing.
1981. , , : 1/
,
, ,
; 2/ ,

3/

,
.78
"
(GCR). .
DGSE
. DGSE , ,
. GR,

,
-.
.
,
"". ,
,
( ) . ,
1981. ' ",
DGSE .
77
78

, . 243.
: Decret no 82-306..., op. at .

35

 " SATANIC" 1995.

, "Rainbow Warrio
"Greenpeace" .79
,
: 1) "11. (),
, 1. 1946. ,
. 1. 1985. " , e, o
, '11.
(RPC)" 2) (CINC),
16. 1956. , a 26. 1960.
(Aspretto) . "Greenpeace 1995. .
, CINC () .
Cercottes (1) (Roscanvefy
(Perpignan), (Margival) .
DGSE 1992, ,
11. (RPC) DGSE,
. 30. 1995. ,
"": CPES (Cercottes), CIPS
.

. DGSE
,

.
.

. , ;
DGSE
. ,
.80

DGSE
79

10. 1995. DGSE ( )

.
80
, , . cit., . 244

36

 , ,
( ).
-
. DGSE
.
,
,
DGSE,
:
, ,
, " "
. ,
, .
DGSE
(BND, CIA, Mossad, MI6) ,
.
,
.

(Direction du Renseignement Millitaire - DRM)
(DRM) 1992. ,

, , eap
(Center de la Exploatation Kenseignement
Militaire - CERAf).81 DRM : CERJVl,
(Centre ('Information sur ks
rayon nements Electromagmtiques - CIREM), HELIOS ,
(IMINT), .
(CERM), II
(Deuxieme Bureau), II ,
81

CERjV : , , op. at., . 245.: ,

37

 .
.
DCjSE.

,
.82 ,
,
DGSE. CERM
(Strasbourg),
(). CERM , :
; ;
;

; , ,
.
DRM 16. 1992. ,
",
".

, ,
DGSE.Hn DRM , .
"",
DGSE "". V
ca ,
,
(BRGE). Ha DRM j ,
, .
DRM : ,

.
BRGE, , 1. 1993.
, oco
CERM .
82

S. , . c/f., . 245.

38

 ;
, capay
ca , , .
CERM y ,
(DGA).
DRAI 1992.
. 1.900 .
1995. 50% , 23%
, 12% , 1% 12% .
,
DGSE, 22. 1995.
{Bruno Elects). 1994. 243.000.000
83.

(Direction de la Protection et de la Securite de la Defence - DPSD)
(DPSD)
.
Boja : (Securite Militaire - Shi),
,
, .
(SM)
: 1) ,
, 2)
,

.84
DPSD 17. 1979. ,

,
SM. .
83

Direction du Renseignement Millitaire - DRM, Internet 02/04/2002/, www-.f.is.cr-.;. france/defense/drm/ index.html.

84

, , , cit., . 246

39

, .
, DPSD je
,
. , DST, DGSE
RG, ., ,
.85
DPSD o
. ,
,

.
.
, . DPSD je
SM, : 1/
, (
, ,
). (
, .); 2/ ,
,
; 3/
, 4/
.
-


(Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire - DST)

(DCRG),
(DRG) (DST),
. DST ,
85

DPSD : Dolent, Jean; Daquin, Thomas, Securite militaire en France, Paris: "Objectif' Les Editions du cerf,
1981.

40

 ,
. 1899.
(Surveillance du Territoire - ST), je y
y 1934. 1942. . 28. 1934.
(controk general des service
de la surveillance du territoire). je 16. 1944.
,

. 86 ,

. , DST
87 ,
:
, , .
1981. SDECE,
DGSE. 88

DST

1/

2/

3/ .89
DST ,
: 1) ; 2)

; 3)
4) .

.90 1951. 22.
1982. , DST:
-

,
86

Direction de la Protection et de la Securite de la Defence - DPSD, Internet 02/04/2IHC.w,rwTu'.fas.org.irp/-

world/france/defensc/dpsd/index.html.
87

Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire - DST, Internet 02/04/2002, www.interieur.^tn.i'rpolice/dst/dst

88

Ibid, op. tit:, : Bernert, Philippe, Roger Wybot et la batailk pour la D.S.T., Paris: Presses e'e
la cita, 1975
89
Chalk, Peter, Rosenau, W illiam,Confronting the "fincwy Within"
- Security Intelligena:Tl>< P...;.
and Counterterronsf? Four Democracies, op, tit.,
p. 18.
90
Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire - DST, op. at

41

 ;
- , ;
-
;
-
-

;
- ,

(, ,
);
-
-

DST ().
(
),
. , , , , ,
. , CHOM
. DST cy, ,
. ajy
,
, : 1) ; 2) ; 3)
; 4) 5) . ,

22 .
20 , ,
,
. 91 6)

.92

cy o : ()
; () ; ()
() .93
91

Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire - DST, Internet, 08/04/2002, www.fas.orK.irp/wt

Chalk, Peter, Rosenau, William, Confronting the "Enemy Within" - Security Intelligence T-tand Comiterterrorism in Four
Democracies, op. cit., pp. 20-21.france/ interieur/dst/index.html
92
93

: Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire

- DST, Internet 02/04/2002, www. eur.gov. tr/police/dst/dst .

42

 , DST 2.0011
5.000 ,
. ,
.
1981. , DST
,
1995. ,
, .
, 1982. (
).
DST

, a : 1/ (Direction Generate
de la Police Nationals) ,
2/ (Direction Generate de la
Gendarmerie),
. DST
(Unite de Coordination de la Ljitte Antiterroriste -UCLAT)
UCLAT y 11.
. , DST

.94

94

O :

, , . cit., . 247.

43


(Direction Centrale des Renseignements Generaux - DCRG)

(DCRG) 1949.
(SCRG)
1937. . DRG RG (Direction
des Kenseignements Generaux - ).
,
.
.
,
( ,
, .).

. 95 , RG

().
,

. 96
. RG
, .
( a ), :
-

,

;
-

, ;
95

DRG ,
(6. 275251), (6. 500620), (. 359348), (.
770965) ; , . 248.
96
: , , of>. tit., . 248; Direction Centrale des Renseignements Generaux - DCRG, Internet,
www.intericur.gov.fr/policc/dcrg/dcrg

44

 ;
-

;

- , ,
, .97

,
,

, ,
, .
.

97

Ibid.

45

,
,
, .
,
, ,
( )
. , , 1854.
, ,

.
: Taj ,
6 ,
. 1856.
. 1861.
, ,

, a 1863.
).
(
1900,1907. 1915. 98) .
- (UCI ),
(SIM - , SIS - ),
(SIA - ),
(

, () -
98

: Richelson, Jeffrey T., op. cit.

46

 -
(Militia X'olontaria Sicurea Naionale - MVSN)
, OVRA.
(Serviio per le informaioni e la militan - SIM)
. SIM je
, , ,
, ,
, .
(1. 1949. )
-
OVRA MVSN,
(Sennio biformaioni Fore Armate - SIFAK)
(Serviio Information Operative
Situaiom -SIOS) (, ). SIFAR
"
"99
-
(
) .
( , .), SIFAR 1964.
(Servio Informations Deufesa - SID). SIFAR
je ca 157.000 cy ce , ,
, , 4.500 .100
(
, ,
.) , 24.
1977. , . 801 (Lem . 801, 24. ottobre 1977.),
- .101 (
. 241 7. 1990. , . 345 29. 1991.
, . 410 30. 1991. .),
99

Vittorfranco, Pisano S,A Study of rlx Rusto-uctundItalian Intelligence andSecurity Service, Washington D.C, 1978.

100

Richelson, Jeffrey T., op. at

Comiteto per i servizi di sicurezza: "Lee 24 ottobre 1977, n. 801": Instituyom e orxlitiatmnto da sm^ipcr
k mforwaiom e la skumgp e disdplim del sevrato di Stato, Pubblicaci nella Ckzzetta Ufficiale no\-cmbrc 1977, n.3(13; pp 8055-8058;
"Legge 24 ottobre 1977, n. 801", Internet, www.cnminal.'it/intelligence/doc_uff/]eggi/lex801_1977.htm; *> "Legge 7
agosto 1990, n. 241", "Decreto-legge 29 ottobre 1991, n. 345", "Legge 30 dice-mbe 1991, n.
101

47

 . 102

-
-
-
(Comitato interminhteriak per le informaoni e la sicuresga - CIIS). ce o
, ,
, , , . ,
, -
, .
- , CIIS je
:

.103
. 801

, . To je
(Comitato executive per i servizi di informaione e di sicurea - CESIQ,
-

(, , .).
CESIS .
( ), a y
.
-
,

. , . 801
102

410", Internet 12/04/2002, www.camera.it/bicamerali/sis/norme/1410-91.htm;

www.cnminal.it/intclligence/dcK_uff/index_cicx:/_ufhtm>'ww.criminalJt/intelligcncc/ doc_uff/leggi/lex345-1991 .htm.
103
Internet, \ww.fas.org/^/world/imly/index.htrnl.; : , , . cit., cip. 253.

48

 ) - (Comiteto
Parlamentare di controllo sui Servizi di Informaione e Sicurea e per il Segreto di Stato COPACO), ,
. 104
. 801 -
(SISMI SISDE). , (,
, .) ,

-

- . , ,
(SIOS-E, SIOS-M, SIOS-A), (SIC),
(SIGF),
, ,
(Departementi inves-tigaionigenerali e operation! speciali DIGOS).
-
(Servizio per le informazioni e la sicurezza militare - SISMI)

- (SISMI) 1863. .
(SIM),
, 28.
1947.
.102 SIM 30.
1949. (Servio
Jnformaione Fore Armate Riumte - SIFAR). SIFAR 1966. ,

, .
,
18. 1965. , SIFAR
104

"Comitato Parlamentare per i Servuzi di lnformaxione e Sicurczza e per il Segreto di Stato", lnttrrt-c13/04/2002,
www.camera.it/bicamerali/sis/nintrod.htm; KO Mintra in nme ce ajo , : Senato della
Rcpublica, Camera da Deputi.Relfi7Jone: Del Comitato Parlamentare per i Servuz) di Informazione e Sicurezza e per il Segreto d:
SciiuSul'acqusizione illeginma di informaziora riservate e controllo parlamentare, Doc XXXJY. Communicata alia Presidenca ll 5 marzo 1996.

49

 (Servio Informaione de la Deffesa SID), 1.07.1966. . SID 1977.

SISMI, 3. 1978. ,

801

1977.

SISMI

, : 1)
, ; 2)
3) .
,
. 105

, SISMI

,
(HUMINT), , (TECHINT),

SIGINTV106
" "

", . 20. ,

,
CIIS. , , a -
"dirigenti ,
. (divisioni) (I, II,
III .), ( ,
, .) (,
, .). 107 ( - Controspionaggio)
. (
- Ricerche Estero)
SISMI, .

( - ha Divisione Situaione)

105

"Legge 24 ottobre 1977, n. 801",op. cit., Art.4 (E1 istituito per k informazione e la sicurezza
militare (SISMI). Esso assolve a
tutti i compiti informativi e di sicurezza per la difesa sut piano
militare ddl'indipendenza e della integrit dello Stato da ogni pericolo,
minaccia o aggressione.II SISMI svolge inoltre ai fini suddetti compiti di controspionaggio); Richelson, Jeffrey T., op.
cit., pp 113
106
Ibid, p. 114
107
, (op. cit., . 255).

50

 ,
(, )
. ( , ,
). (
- Tecnico-Scientigkd)
. ( -Sicurea
Industrials ) - .

(Divisione 1).108
,

.109
(Seione telecomunicatione - TLQ,
,
,
. ,

(CRITS),
.
,
. SISMI -
,
- , a

TO

, , , , ,
, , , . ,
, ,
. 801,

.
.
-, SISMI,
SIOS-A SIOS-.
108

Gambino-Avventimenti, Di Michele, "007 all'italiana"; Internet, 12/04/2' www.kontrokultura.org/

archivie2001/136/007_italia.html.
109
o : "Decreto-legge29 ottobre 1991, n. 345", "Legge 30 dicembe 1991, n. 410", op. cit.

51


.
SISMI,
3.000.
.
,
. SISMI 50%
( ) . (

). ,
, ,
, .
,

,
.
,

Propaganda Due (-2), ,
ie .110
v ,
, (
) .
SID ( SISMI),
, "Super S".111
, SISMI ,
.
"" . SISMI
,
. SISMI SISDE,
110

: Richelson, Jeffrey T., op. tit., pp 119.

111

"Super S" "Super SID" : , , , , Bajaruh., op. tit.

52

, .

{Centra Informajoni uifesa Yilktronka - ClDlri)112
SISMI je (SIOS-E, SIOS-M,
SIOS-) . SISMI je

, ,
.
(Serviio Informaione Osservaionv Strategiche
Esercito - SIOS-E) ,
.
,
. SISMI ,
.

je y
- .
SIOS-e

je

, , , n
. SIOS- je
: 1) , ,
; 2) ,
,
; 3) ,
4) ,
,
.
(Serviio Inform aione Osservaione
Strategkhe Marine - SIOS-M) je SIOS-E
, .
112

Richelson, Jeffrey T., op. tit., pp 116; : , , op. tit., . 257.

53


,
. SIOSM je
,
,
(TECHINT).
,
- SIOS-E SIOS-M.
(IMINT)
(SIGINT, ELINT) ,
.

(Servizio per la informazione e la sicurezza democratic; - SISDE)
- 1977. ,
-
,
, .113
, "D"
SID, ,
-, ,

. . 801, 5.
1978.
(SISDE), SIS,
, SID
,
( ).
1977.

- ,
1974.
113

"Legge 24 ottobre 1977, n. 801", op. a/., Art. 6

54

(SIGSI),

- (SIS). je y

SID,
.
. 801 SISDE. SISDE
je

("La Repubica"),

SISDE

, ,
" "), (
CIA SISDE) .
"D" SID ,
, .
-2 ,
( ,
" " .)
. SISDE, je
.
SISDE je ,
. CESIS,
CHS . ,
,
.
SISDE 1.500 ; ,
( ).
(settori) : controterrorismc -
(immigraione illegale); [computer crime);
(Lintelligence economd) ,
.114
,
19.
, (, ),
.
,
114

Ministero dell Interno, '7 Serviu di Informatione Si eureka" (SISdc), Internet, 12/04/2002.

55

 .
. ,
,
MI-5, ,
.
-
-, UCIGOS.
. 801, SISDE : 1/
,
; 2/ ,
,
; 3/ ,

; 4/
.115 , ,
( ), (
), SISMI, SIOS-E, SIOS-M
SIOS-A .

(Ufficio Centrale Investigazione generali e Operazioni Speciali -UCIGOS)
(UCIGOS)
1978. , ,
,
.
. 8.1 1977. ,
, ,

. : 1)
, , ,

115

Legge 24 ottobre 1977, 801 op. at.

56

; 2)
; 3)
, ,
, ; 4)
SISMI SISDE
.116
( ,
, ).
cae
(Departementi investigazioni generali e operazioni speciali - DIGOS),
.117 , DIGOS : 1) ; 2)
; 3) 4) .118
-
(Carabinieri) -
1856. . ,
.
- (, ,
, .),
, .
, , .
, 24 .
, .
, ,
. ,
, , ( ),
.
(tiucleo investigamento),
. , ,
(),
.
116
117
118

: Internet 13/04/2002, www.interno.it/dip-ps/dccp/pl3.htm

: Internet 13/04/2002/, www.osdem.it/fr/interno/frames/3spico/fr_panlcl.hT.
Polizia di Stato, Internet, u^vw.poliziadistato.it/questura/roma/orgl_5-htjri

57


.
(
, , ).
,
( , , .),

. ,
. 119 ,
(Servio Injomiaione arabinieri - SIC),
1977. . ,
, .

, .
,
, .120
SIC je ,
.

,
,
. : ,

;
( , , )
. , 9 . 801,
( ,
, .).121
119

, , op. at., . 26(1.

,
S1SDE SISM1. ) : , , (), , 1998, . 59, 64-71.
120
121

Legge 24 ottobre 1977, n. 801", op. cit. Art. 9 fornire ogtiipossibik cooperu^ione agliagenti dei Servil)
( - "; : , ,
. cit., . 261.

58

 ,
, , .,
.
.
42.000 , ""
.
(SIGF). "", ,
,
SISDE SISMI.

( , , ,
).

,
.122

122

Richelson, Jeffrey X, op. at., pp 116.

59

-
( ), 1740. ,
. ,
,
(Bernard Wilhelm Frieherr von der Golt). XIX , 1800.
:
( ). ,
,
,
( 1820. Justus Gruner,
).
1848. ,
,
(Otto von Bismarck) - ,
(Wilhelm Stieber). tenmpcumu
, .
,
,
.
XX
,
.
.

,

60

,
.

. (Abivebr - ) 1919.
,
,
, .
(Sicherheitsdienst - SD) SS (Schut-staffel ) 1933. . 1935. 1939.
-
. ,
, ,
XX .
,

, -

: , .
1945. 1950. (Gehltn
Organisation The Org), o ,
(ReinbardGehlen).123
,

.
( ),
(Bundes Nacbrichtendienst - BND). 1950.
1955. , , ,
,
. 1955. BND
,
.
, , ,
123

Richelson, Jeffrey T., op. cit., p. 135. IS

61

 . BND
, -,
, .
, ,

(Stasi). ,
a ,
,
124

. , BND
a . ,
125,
. . 80
BND , 150 ,

,
.
,
.126

,
, .
,
,

124

). 21. 1991. . :
Stazi - documents - law - STUG
125
: , , op. cit., . 219 . 160).
126
, , op. at., . 220.

62

1999.

(Parlamentarichen Kontrollgremium des Deutcben

Bundestages - PKG),
(Geset^ uber die parlamentarische Kontrolk nachrichtendienstli-cber
Tdtigkeit des Bundes - PKGrG) 11. 1978.
. ,
1999. ,
,
, ()
ocao.127


. ,
, .
,


. 128
(), , 10 ()
1999. ,
,
. , 1999.
,
,
- .
PKG
, . ,
PKG
.
-
, . 5.
127

1992.
, ,

128

63


17. 1984. . ,

- ,
. . 5 ,

.
,
: 1) (BND); 2)
(): () (ANBw) ()
(MAD) 3)
(). ,
, ,
- . To : (AnttfurFernmeldwesen Bundeswehr - AtMBlV),
(BfRA),
(BSI),
(BGS) GSG129.

129

: Richelson, Jeffrey T., Foreign Intelligence Organizations, p. 141

64


(utides Nachrichten Dienst - BND)

(BND)
,
. 5 .130
, BND 1. 1956. ,
(Konrad Adenauer) 11. 1955.
. ,
, ,
.
. ,
.
(PKG)
.131
, .
() (. ),
.
.

, , .
. op
(PKG),
.
, BND cy: 1) ,

-
; 2) ,
,

130

"Gesetz uber den Bundesnachrichtendienst - BNDG" vom 20.12.1990 (BGB1. 1. 2979 ft),id.vom 09.01.2002 (BGB1, I S. 361 ff), 1/1
(Organisation und Aufgaben).
131
"Gesetz uber die parlamentarische Kontrolle nachrichtendienstlicher Tatigkeit desBundes - PKGrG" vom 11. April 1978

65

3)

,
, . 132 BND
je -
.
- (Pullach). Ha BND je
(Prasident) . (
), .
, ,
. ,
,
,
, BND ( ) : 1)
,

. 133

); 2)
-
; 3) , ;
4) - ,

; 5) 6)
.134
, BND je

1)

2)

3)

4) -.
. cy no
132

"Gesetz uber den Bundesnachrichtendienst - BNDG"..., op. at., 1/2 (Organisation undAufgaben).
BND ce |\
. ,
; "Iraq could build N.bomb In: BBC
News, Sunday, February 2001.
133

134

: Grizold, Anton (et al), op. cit., str. 116; BND Organization, Internet 18,- " 4 3 I www.fas. org/irp/world/germany/bnd/org.
htm; Richelson, Jefrrey T., op. cit., pp 1"

66

 ,
.
,
.

. ()
,
.135
, BND
(). ,
,
.


. , ,
, - .136
,
, , , ,
. , oje
.137 BND
,
,
.

-
135

, , op. at., . 221

"Gesetz uber den Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND-G)" vom 20.12.1990 (BGB1 I S. 2979), geandert durch das
Sicherheitsuberprufungsgesetz vom 20.04.1994 (BGB1 I S. 867), 2/1 (Befugnisse).
137
Ibid, 4 {Speicherung, Verdnderung und Nutung personenbe-otigener Daten - , ); 5
(fterichtigwig, Lijscbung undSperrungpersotieiibr ongener Daten - , );
6 (Dateianordungm - ); 7 (Auskunft an dm Betrojjenen - ).
136

67


(Amtjur Nacrichtenwessen der Bundeswehr - ANB)

(HUMINT),
BND. " "
(
,
.), ( ,
- TECHINT: SIGINT/IMINT).
,

.

, ANB
.
ANB (
). -
, ,

-
,
.138
(Militarischer Abschirmdienst - MAD)
(ANBw)

(II

,
. 139
(MAD) 1956. ,
138

, , . dt., . 225.

139

G rizold,A nton (etal), op. cit.,str. 1 1 6 .

68

1984. cnaa (Amt fur Sicherheit der

Bundesivhr - ABS). Kao -
, ,
.
,

27

(PKG).
MAD y ,
.
()
.

MAD . ,
,
.140
1990. , MAD
: 1)
();
2)

; 3)

; 4)

) 5) . 141
MAD ,
- ,

. , MAD
.
,
.
, MAD
140

Richelson, Jeffrey T., op, cit., p. 143

: Bundestag, Bundeswehr: Gesetz uher den Militarischen Abschirmdienst/MAD-Gesetz-\fADG, 20. December 1990
geregelt.
141

69


,
.
.142
MAD : 1)
(Abteilung I: Zentrak Fachaufgaben); 2)
(Abteilung II: Extremismusabwehf); 3)
(Abteilung III: Spionageabmbr); 4)
{Abteilung IV: Personellen/Materieuen
Gehemschuty; 5) {Abteilung V: TechniM) 6)
{Abteilung 7: Truppendienstliche Aufgaben Venmltung).143
, - ,
{Sonder Gruppe 7), MAD
. I
,
-.144
MAD ,
.
14 :

MAD

(MAD-Stelle11/Kiet

MAD-Stelle21/

Hannover,

MAD-

Stelle22/Wilhelmshaven, MAD-Stelle31/ Dusseldorf, MAD-Stelle32/Munster, MADStelle41/ Mainz, MAD-Stelle 42/Koblenz, MAD-Stelle51/Stutgart, MAD-Stelle52/
Karlshruhe,

MAD-Stelle61/Munchen,

MAD-Stelle62/Amberg,

MAD-Stelle?

1/Leipzig, MAD-Stelle81/Gcltow MAD-Stelle 82/Rostok.145 , MAD

,
.

(Bundesamt fuer Verfassungsschutz - BfV)
142

Militarischen Abschirmdienst, Internet 22/04/2002, w'ww.fas.org/irp/vi-orld/germany/mad/. !4 ] Militdrischer

Abschirmdienst, Internet 22/04/2002, www.bundeswchr.de/bundeswehr/2mil/mad. htm
143
MiUtariscben Abschirmdunst, Internet 22/04/2002, www.fas.org/irp/world/germany/mad
144
Ibid
145
"Gesetz uber den Bundesnachrichtendienst - BNDG" vom 20.12.1990. (BGB1. I, 2v:i.d. vom 09/01/2002 (BGB1, I S. 361 ff), 15
Abs. 5 G 10, 5 Abs. 1 PKGrG.

70

 (BfV)

28. 1950. . BfV je
. (Prasident),

.
.
BfV .
(PKG),
. PKG
, , .
. 10,
,
."
, ,
ce y
,
.
,
. ,
( ,
, ) (, ).
,
BfV .
, BfV
,
,
.
BfV
. 1950.
BfV je

,

71


. , BfV
() .

20. 1990. , BfV,
, . 146
, 20. 1994.
(BGBI.IS.867), BfV je
, .
BfV je -
, a
, : )
, ,

, ; )

,
.147

,
,
,
.148 , BfV je


. ,
, ;
,
; ,
,
.149
146

Geselz die Verfassungschutzbehorden des Bundes und der Lander - BGBI.I.S. 2594,Internet 22/04/2002,
www.bundesnachrichtendienst/down
oad/bndge-setz.pdf.
147
Ibid, 1, 2, 3
148
Ibid, 4 (l-a,b,c).
149
Ibid, 3 (1,2,3).

72

 BfV ,


.
(Z/Personal Haushalt Justitiarial/ED/V).
: 1) , ; 2)
; 3) ; 4) ,
5) .150
BfV je -

, ,
.
. BND
BtY 1994. , 8
, . ,
(),
,
, -
,
. 151
, , BfV
, BND, , MAD,
- .
(Bundeskriminalamt - BKA)
() 8. 1951.

.152 ,
( ,
,

" .) ,

150

Bundesamt fuer Verfassungsschutz - BJVOrganization, Internet 22/04/2002, \v\vw.tas.<.r.: :rrworld/ germany/bfv/org.htm

(.) BND BfV 9. jayapa 2(.)02. e; "Gesetz uber den Bundesnachrichtendienst - BNDG"
i.d. vom 09.01.2002. (13GBi. J S. 361 ft), 8 Jbermittlung von Informationen an den Bundesnachrichtendienst - 1,2,3,4).
152
"BKA-Gesetz" vom 8.3.1951, BGB1. I, S. 165f.
151

73

 lnterpolom.
BfV,

()

, ,

.153
1973. (bundeskriminaiamtgeset- BIC-1G),
1974, 1993. 1997. ,
.154 , : 1)

2)

e ; 3)
,
, ,

,
; 4)
5)
.155

.
,
, BtV,
, .
,

(Weisbade/i).

1) ;2) ; 3)
4) (
).
, ,
(TREVl-Gruppen, Interpol Europol)
153

O BKA : "Bundeskriminalamt: BKA Visitenkarte". Nr. 11-12 (2002), November-December 2001; "BKA: Phase der
Umsetzung". - In: Magain "Ofjcntl'ichv Skbtrbvif', op. at., Nr. 5-6 (2002), Mai-iuni20()l.
154
Gesetz uber das Bundeskriminalamt und die Zusammenarbeit des Bundes und der Lander inkrimina-tpotizeilichen Angelegenheiten BKAG, vom 07. Juli 1997. (BGB1. 1 S. 1650).
155
1997. ; Gesetz vom 7.7. 1997., BGB1. 1, S. 1650, 129a
Strafgeseczbuch, Abs.

74

. To : () (Prdsidialbiiro
1/PR1); () (Vrdsidialburo
2/PR2); () (Prdsidialbitro 1/PR3) (r)
(SP).156
:
(Zentrale Venvaltung - Zl), (Kriminaltecbnisches
Institnt

),

{patmverarbeitung - DV)

(ED).157

, a
, ,
. po

,
.
.158

, :
, . ST
.
,
(Landesverrat-JS), ,
, .

.

(Kechtsterrorismus I extremismus und Politkbe Motivierte Auslander, ce

,
(.
156

: "BKA: Phase der Umsetzung". - In: t\higa%in "Offenllicbc Sicbvrbt?if\ D..:Magaqjii des Jnnenministeriimts, Nr. 5-6
(2002), Mai-Juni.2001.
157
Aden, Harcmut von, "Das Bundeskriminalamt: Intelligence-Zentrale oder Schaltstellc t".t>bundesdeutchen Polizeisystems?". - In:
Biirgerred>/c?Po/i*ei, Cilip 62, Nr, 1 (1999).
158
Ibid.

75

).
(Bundesamt fur
Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik - BSf)
(BSI) 1990.
.
,
.

1)

, ;
2) ,
; 3)

; 4)
; 5)

6)
,
(BfV),
, ,

.159
(Bundesgrenzschutz - BGS)
(BGS) 1951.
.
,
. ,
,
. , a y
159

Bundesamt fur Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik - BSl, Internet 22/04/2002, www-fas-otv.irp/ world-germany/bsi/.

76

 . 160 ,
BGS

je ,

.161

BGS-9,

1972. .

-
.
, a
, , ,
. KYZEA
,
,
,
. ,

, .

.162
KYSEA ,
, - ,
160

Grizold, Anton, Tatlovi, Sinia, op. cit., str. 115.

: "Bundesgrenzschutz - BGSG" vom 19 Oktober 1994 (BGB1.1, S.2"Bundesgrenzschutz - Anderungsgesetz" vom August
1998 (BGB1.1, S. 2486).
162
The White Paper on Defence: "Defence Report Greece
(Defence Policy Agencies/Article 4)". - In: Military Technology, No. 10
(1998), pp 6-8; Organization and Operation of the Armed Forces, Internet 04/06/2002, wwftunod.gr/english/index.htm.
161

77


.163 ,
. 360/92. 164 ,
- Ca ,
EYFI, EYFI. YZ,
,

.165 - : 1)
(); 2)
; 3) (2) 4)
(MEPD).
-
() -
, .
1 , . 2421
1953. " ".166
. 1645 1986.
.167 ( ,
: , ,
, ; ;

j),

(), .

, ,
(Y)
.
163

NOMOI 1 API. 1645: "EBvix Yrcvieeoia ^ - EYO", ABHNA, AYrOVETOY 1986, TRVXOS
^, API0MOL 132, ^ 6. ( .1645: , , 28. 1986,
, 6. 132), . 6.
164
"Mtxt EuvToviaTtxrj - ", Internet 30/04/2002, www.nis.gr/English/MisMtm Steercomm.En/Sttercommen.htm
165
NOMOZ YEP API0. 1645, op. tit., 7.
166
Ooo I5QUQ-Y\XS . 2421: "TJepi ISQOOECOG Ksvrgtxfy; YnrjQeaiag TDOfOQWiv", ABHNA 1953, 1 ( .
2421, - )', 1953, 1).
167
NOMOL . 1645: "Eevwyj Ynreoiai TIXrQoyoQiw - EYO, op. at., 1.

78

 .
. 1645 . 360 1992. ,
, , ,
( )
. ,

. (, ,
,
, ,
,
. ,
()
. ,
,
.168
.
: 1) (); 2) {Auduvostg)
( ).
: 1) ,
,

.
; 2)
, ,

.

; 3) ,

4) , ,
168

e KYFI ,
" ; .
Internet 07/08/2005, www.garton. republika.pl/org/grecia/eyp.httn.

79

"17.

 . ,
,
. To , ,

,
, . ,
, ,
.
,
.
, , .,
.

,
,
.
,
.
TECHINT ,
,
.
- . ,
,
-.
,
( 1974. ),
. ,

( ).
(Alfa/Dio - 2)
(Alfa/Dio),
,
80

 .169 :
,

, .

).
,
.
. To cy: 1) ,
,
; 2)

; 3)
; 4)
; 5)
,
6)
.

- , Alfa/Dio
,
. ,
.
,
.
cy no .
( ), (
).
- ,
. ,
169

: Organization and Operation of the Armed Forces: Organization of the Hellenic National Defence General
Staff, Internet 04/06/2002, www.mod.gr/english/ index.htm.

81

 ,
- . ,
-
.
, Alfa/Dio, y
(II
), .

. -
Alfa/Dio .
,
Alfa/Dio.

;
;

,
,
. join
: ) ,
; ) ,
)
,
. ,
.170

1973.

(GDFiA)

(Aladapon).

( )

.
170

index Defence, Internet, 28/05/2002, www.mod.gr/english

82

 : , , ,

. ,
, .
, , -
,
Alfa/Dio . ,

-
.
( ). : 1)
(
); 2) ,
3) .

.
( ),
, , ,
, , ,
.


.171
(Marine Enviroment Protection Division MEPD

(MEPD)
(Ministry of Mercantile Marine),
. : 1)

; 2)
; 3)
171

: Ministry of Public Order, Internet 04/06/2002, www.mopo.gr/main.

83

 ; 4)
; 5)

, ; 6)
; 7)
8)
.172
, MEPD

. ,
. MEPD : 1)
""
; 2) "
; 3) ""
4) '" .173
-

, 1991. .


. ,
-
. - (SOVA)

- (VIS),

-
(SDV). ,
172

"Ministry of Mercantile Marine: Marine Enviroment Protection Division

- MEPD", Internet 07/05/2002,
www.ycn.gr/eng/main_eng.htm.
173
"Marine Enviroment Protection Division
- MEPD ", Internet 07/05/2002, www.yen.gr/ eng/enviroment. htm; ""
:
,
; ;


.;
Ibid

84

 ( 09),

(OVS). ,
() ,
.
(Strategija nacionalne varnosti
Republike Slovenije), ,
,

-,

, , ,
.

, ,
.
, .
, ,
,

. , ,

.174

,
- .175
, pey
,

.
- , , Zbora,
- (SOVA)
,
176,
174
175
176

"Resolucija strategiji nacionalne varnosti Republike Slovenije (ReSNV)", Ljubljana:radni list Republike Slovenije, t. 56-2957/2001.
Ibid.
: "Zakon varuhu lovekovih pravic", Uradni list RS, t. 71-2573/19

85

 .

- ,
Dravnom zboru
. 177
, ,
-
,
-
.
.


, - 1997.
: 1/ (SNAV); 2/
(SOVA); 3/ -
(OVS); 4/
; 5/
: () (Specialna enoid) ()
(Urad varnost ineito).

{SNAV)
-

.
1993. (Resolucija ihodicih asnove nacionalne varnosti),
1996.
.

178

, SNAV

,
177
178

Grizold, Anton (et al), op. at., str. 391

Grizold, Anton (et al), op. at., str. 392

86

 .
-
, ,
je

. SNAV je

, ,
,
SNAV.179 Ha SNAV je ,
SNAV, a : , , ,
,
, , SOVA.180
SNAV, y
, SNAV.
, SNAV
,
SNAV, .
:

SOVA;

; -
(OVS); ;

.181
- (Slovensko obveevalno-varnostno
agencijo - SOVA)

1990.

-
. ,
179
180
181

"Odlok o Svetu za nacionalno varnost", Uradni list RS, t. 6-423/2001, 2. len

, 3. len
, 5. ln

87

SDV

- (Varnostno-informativno sluzbo - I/XS).

VIS,

, ,
, .
. ,
VIS : 1 /
; 2/
; 3/
- 4/

.
SDV y -
, VIS : 1) - ,
,
, , , ; 2)
, ,
; 3) , , ,
- 4) .
, ,
, ,

. ,

, .
, VIS
,
. ,
, ,
,

88

 ,
.182
1993. VIS
. , VIS

. ,
VIS. , 17.
1993. , VIS - azeitifiijy
{Slovensko obvetvahi Varnostno agencijo SO164),
- , .
1999.
,
1999.

183.

SOVA je

, : 1/
, : ()
, ,
, () ,


; 2/

, , , ; 3/
( , ,
)
4/ SNAV .184
, ,
,
. ,
,
, ,
182
183
184

: www.gov.si/sova ( Web SOVA).

"Zakon Slovenski obveevalno-varnostni agenciji (ZSOVA)", Uradni list RS, t. 23Ibid, len 2, 6.

89

1115/1999.

, , , , .
,
, OVS
.
-
,
, 09
.

(Vojako

informativno sluzbo VIS). VIS je : 1/

, , ,
2/ ,

.
1991. ,
.
,
:

, ;
,

,
.

{Obveevalno-varnostna sluzbo OVS) ,
,
.185 OVS je,
185

(MCRS) 1998.: Grizold, Anton (et al), op. cit., str. 394, 412.

90

, ,

, , ,
.
, OVS ce a ,
,
, ,
.
, -
, ,

-,
.186
OVS
, ,
, ,
.
OVS
- ( SOVA).
, G-2
- .187
,
G-6 - C4I (command, control,
communications,

computer,

intelligence),

",

, ",
.188
,
.

,
186
187
188

: "Zakon obrambi", Uradni list RS, t. 4/1994,

: Slovenska vojska, 21. avgust 1998, str. 5.; Grizold, Anton (et al), op. cit, str. 413.
.

91

 ,
(, )

.
,
,
( ), (
)
. -

, 1041.
, ,
. ,
(, )
.
XIV ,
.

, .

,
,
.
1848. 1849. ,
. , 12. 1848.

92

: 1/ 2/ ,
.
"
.

, "
. 13. 1919.
,

. 2.
1919. , a ,
.

, . ,
, ,

- , : ,
, , .
, .
II ,

.
.

(, , , .)

, a
.

, .
, ,
,
(AVO).
93

 -
1945. .
, -
, "
"
.

- AVO,

. AVO : 1)
,
.

; 2/ ,

"
", .

3/ , 214
- .
AVO 1965.
- AVH;. AVH ( AVO),
(
),
- : )
) .189
( 1989. 1991. ),
-
: - ) (AVH);
;
; (Rendorseg);
(Munkasorseg) ;
/ (Hatarorseg) AVH.
(), 189

: ", , . 241-242.

94

 , AVH.
(, .)
.

,
().
-

,
,
- .
XX
,
. ,
(
).
.
,
( ),
, .

X, 1990. ,

: 1/ 2/

- ,

( ) (
). ,
- cy : 3/

, .); 4/
( ) ; 5/

95

 .190 X,
-
: 1/ ,
30. 1993. 191 ; 2/ 1993. ,

.192
, 1995.

.193 , -
: 1/ (IH),
; 2/ (NBH),
; 3/ (NBSzSz) 4/
: ) (KFH) )
().
( 10 :
),

, ,
, .
,
.
, (
)
: )
, ,
,
; )
; )
190

: Purg. Adam, Prifrierjafai obvdevaltii sistemi, Ljubljana: Visoka policijsko-varnostna sola, 2002, str. 89-90.
: Grizold, Anton (et al). op. at., str. 295-300
192
Purg. Adam, op. at., str. 90
193
Kivonat a nemzetbiztonshgi szlgdlatokrl szyly 1995. cvi CHHV tcrvinybxl (" CXXV" M3 1995. ,
29. . 1998. . 94/1998).
191

96

 ,
; )
.194

,
. , 11
,
. ,

,

.195

,
.
;
,
;

.196

(Informacios Hlvatal - IH)
CXXV 1995. , (IH)
- .
IH : 1) ,

194

Ibid, 11.
Pardavi, Marta, National Security Services Hungary (Project of the Foundation for Human Rights, Warsaw, Poland), Internet
17/05/2002, wvvw.gwu.cdu.hu/rightscapter8/bulletinl_hunga- ry.html.; "Kivonat a nemzetbiztonsgi szlglatok rl szyly 1995. evi
CHHV torvenybxl", op.at., 14.
196
Ibid, 10.
195

97

 ; 2)
; 3)
,
,
, ,
, ; 4)

; 5)
; 6)
,

; 7)
8) ,
. 197
2003. ,
: 1/ 2/ .
: : ;
opa:
.

(Nemzetbiztonsgi Hivatal - NBH)

(NBH) je
. 198
, .
:
;
; ,
; ,
,
197

Ibid, 4.(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h); - "Information Agency" (Informacios Hivatal-IH),

27/intpr/huhtm..
198
www.nbh.hu/index.htm ( Vb ).

98

Internet 10/04/2002, www.nbh.hu/NSNL

;199
; ,
,
. ,
,
. ,
, .200
,
. , NBH
.
( , ). 201
CXXV, NBH je : 1) ,
; 2)

;202 3)
; 4)
, ,
,
; 5)
; 6)
; 7) ; 8)

, ,
; 9)
.203

199

"Kivonat a nemzetbiztonsagi szolgalatokrl szyly 1995. evi CXXV", op. cit., 12.
informaciygyujtes, 56. ( ).
200
Ibid .
201
"Information Agency 11 (Informacios Hivatal - IH), op.cit .
202

, Kiisx engedieyhez kotott titkos

NBH ( ,
, ,
.
( , ,
. : "Kivonat a nemzetbiztonsagi szolgalatokrl szyly 1995. evi CXXV", op. cit., Kiisx engedieyhez
kotott titkos informaciygyujtes, 56. -58.
203
Ibid.

99

 , NBH ,

.
, ,
, NBH
( - ) .
, . NBH cy

.
( , ,
, cy y
.). NBH, ,
e ,
,
.

(Katonai Felderito Hivatal - KFH)

(KFH) je .

,
.
: 1)
; 2)
,
; 3)

; 4)

; 5) ]
; 6)

100

 ; 7) .
8)
.204

(Katonai Biztons6gi Hivatal - K1BH)

()

.
CXXV : 1)

; 2)

; 3)
,
;

o
(icou \,
, ;
5)
; 6) ,
; 7) ,
(, 10), (, 11),
(, 343), (,
352), (,
363); 8) (, 261); 9)
,
(, 174/), (, 259),
(, 259), (,
262), (, 269),
(, 270), (, 270/),
(,
204

Ibid, 6. : Sauerwein, Brigittc,: The Hungarian Defence Forces". - In: Jane's

Intelligence Review, Vol. 6, No I October 1994, pp 435-441.; "Information Agency" (Informacios Hivatal -IH), op.cit.

101

287)
; 10) , ,
, ,
.205

(Nemzetbiztons6gi Szak Szolgalat - NBSzSz)
; 6)
,
. 206
(NBSzSz)

, .
, ,
. 205
: 1)
, ,
; 2)

; 3)
; 4)
; 5) .207

205
206
207

lbid, 7. .
Kivonat a nemzetbiztonsagi szolgalatokrl szyly 1995. evi CXXV..., op. c i t . , 8. .
Pardavi, Marta, National Security...., op. cit

102