CLARAS COLLEGE OF COMMERCE

PROJECT ON LOGISTICS DEFEAT OF BRITISHERS IN AMERICAN WORLD OF INDEPENDENCE

T.Y.BMS AJAZ .H. SOLKAR 48

DEFEAT OF BRITISHERS IN AMERICAN WORLD OF INDEPENDENCE

INTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICS Logistics plays an important role in success and gives competitive edge. In a war, it is very important to have the supplies such as arme, ammunition, food, water, fuel,etc., to the armies fighting the enemy or ptotecting the boundries of remote areas. The competitiveness of army depends upon the supply chain to procure and supply whatever needed on time.

DEFINITION In 1991, the council of logistics management modified the definition as follows; Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling efficient and effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of confirming to the customer requirement.

INTRODUCTION The thirteen American colonies wanted to be free from rule by Great Britain. Freedom would make it possible to create a new kind of government without a king. Few people at the time thought that the American Revolution would succeed and the Americans could win a war against the world's greatest empire. At the beginning of the war, there was no regular American army, just a militia made up of civilians-and most of them were farmers. Naturally, they were not used to long campaigns or battles with British Regulars, and thousands quit. General Washington begged to congess to provide more men but, the first question arrived during the war---Who was going to organize these men into an army? Delegates to the Congress decided that the man for the job was George Washington. He had experience fighting in the French and Indian War. He was thought to know more than any other colonist about being a military commander. Washington accepted the position. Colonies and Britishers fought the first war of American Revolution. The Americans had very little gunpowder. They were forced to wait until the British had crossed the river and were almost on top of them before they fired their guns. Their commander reportedly told them: Do not fire until you see the whites of the British soldiers' eyes. The British captured Breed's Hill. More than one-thousand had been killed or wounded in the attempt. The Americans lost about four-hundred. This was due to the poor logistics of Washington. The British decided to use Hessian soldiers to fight against the colonists. Hessians were mostly German mercenaries who fought for anyone who paid them. The colonists feared these soldiers and hated Britain for using them. At about the same time, Thomas Paine published a little document that had a great effect on the citizens of America. He named it, "Common Sense." It attacked King George, as well as the idea of government by kings. It called for independence. The resolution was not approved immediately.But, on July 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Congress. Washington decided to attack. He wanted to surprise the Hessian soldiers were in position at Trenton.The Americans used cannons to blow up their buildings, soon the enemy surrendered and Washingtons army captured Trenton. This was the first victory of American Revolution. This victory changed the way the americans felt about the war. After this more men decided to join American army. Now it had 10,000 soldiers. The French government had been supplying the Americans secretly through the work of America's minister to France, Benjamin Franklin. Franklin was popular with the French people and with French government officials. He helped gain French sympathy for the American cause. the French decided to enter the war on the American side. The two nations signed military and political treaties. France and Britain were at war once again. French ships defeated cornwallis (britishers) and then French ships then moved into chesapeake Bay, near Yorktown. The Americans and the French began attacking with cannons. Then they fought the British soldiers and-to-hand. Cornwallis knew he had no chance to win without more troops. He surrendered to George Washington on 17 October 1781.

The war was over. American and French forces had captured or killed one-half of the British troops in America. The surviving British troops left Yorktown playing a popular British song called, "The World Turned Upside Down." Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776,

FAILURE OF LOGISTICS OF BRITISHERS IN AMERICAN WORLD OF INDEPENDENCE When war erupted in the American colonies in 1775, the British Army was unprepared logistically. Compared to the logistics organization of the rebelling colonies, the British logistics system was, on the surface, the epitome of efficiency. Faced with a 3,000-mile line of communication across the Atlantic Ocean, Britain ensured that its soldiers were reasonably well equipped and never starved. Indeed, a logistics feat of this magnitude would not be repeated for over 150 years, until the Allied invasion of North Africa in World War II. However, significant shortcomings in the resupply system did exist, and before they were identified and corrected, they contributed significantly to the British Army's defeat. An analysis of how Britain supplied its army, both from home and in the colonies, demonstrates how the presence, or absence, of critical commodities affects military operations. Ultimately, the lack of sufficient reserve supplies, combined with cautious generalship, insufficient transportation, widespread corruption, and the lack of a coherent strategy to maximize the potential support of British loyalists in the colonies, ensured British failure. These factors forced the British Army to fight a guerilla warthe only kind of war that the upstart United States could hope to win. The British experience in the American Revolutionary War holds particular relevance for today's military. Even though there have been enormous changes in military technology and organization over the last two centuries, U.S. forces still struggle with many of the same issues that plagued the British resupply effort. Logisticians in a force projection army still confront the challenge of supplying forces over enormous distances, overcoming resource constraints, and relying upon host nation support. Most importantly, military operations still suffer when logistics is not planned in detail.

CONCLUSION Logistics plays a very crucial role in our day to day life. Logistics promotes JIT(JUST IN TIME) concept. Example In a relay race, the participants have to run and pass on their symbols to their partners and complete the race within minimum time as soon as possible. There should be proper syncronizatin between each partner to win the race successfully. Hence, time and syncronization matters to success of and organisation.