SIGNIFICANCE

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Microwaves are widely used for point-to-point communications because their small wavelength allows conveniently-
sized antennas to direct them in narrow beams, which can be pointed directly at the receiving antenna. This allows
nearby microwave equipment to use the same frequencies without interfering with each other, as lower frequency
radio waves do. Another advantage is that the high frequency of microwaves gives the microwave band a very large
information-carrying capacity; the microwave band has a bandwidth 30 times that of all the rest of theradio
spectrum below it.
"Line-of-sight" is a term used in radio system design to describe a condition in which
radio device antennas can actuaIIy see each other. High frequency radios, such as those
used in Spread Spectrum Radio require Iine-of-sight between antennas.
When establishing line-of-sight, it is extremely important to plan for the future. n urban areas, new building construction may
result in total path obstruction. n areas where construction is not anticipated, the rapid growth of trees or foliage may
severely affect the path over time. While a number of software products are available for assisting with path work, combining
a topographical mapping of the path with a subsequent path walk or drive is often an excellent way to start the line-of-sight
confirmation process.
MIcrowuve RudIo CommunIcuLIons AdvunLuges & DIsudvunLuges

AdvunLuge: AbIe Lo TrunsmIL urge QuunLILIes oI DuLu

O According to "Microwave Communication," microwave radio systems have the capacity to broadcast great quantities of information because
of their higher frequencies. They use repeaters (a device that receives the transmitting signal through one antenna, converts it into an
electrical signal and retransmits it) to transmit large volumes of data over great distances. Microwave radio communication systems
propagate signals through the earth's atmosphere. These signals are sent between transmitters and receivers that lie on top of towers. This
allows microwave radio systems to transmit thousands of data channels between two points without relying on a physical transmitting
medium (optical fibers or metallic cables).
AdvunLuge: ReIuLIveIy ow CosLs
O Microwave communication systems have relatively low construction costs compared with other forms of data transmission, such as wire-line
technologies. A microwave communication system does not require physical cables or expensive attenuation equipment (devices that
maintain signal strength during transmission). Mountains, hills and rooftops provide inexpensive and accessible bases for microwave
transmission towers.
DIsudvunLuge: Ine oI SIgIL TecInoIogy
O Microwave radio systems are a line of sight technology, meaning the signals will not pass through objects (e.g., mountains, buildings and
airplanes). This drawback limits microwave communication systems to line of sight operating distances. Signals flow between one fixed point
to another, provided no solid obstacle disrupts the flow.
DIsudvunLuge: SubjecL Lo EIecLromugneLIc und OLIer nLerIerence
O According to "Rural America at the Crossroads: Networking for the Future," microwave radio signals are affected by electromagnetic
interference (EM). EM is any disturbance that degrades, obstructs or interrupts the performance of microwave signals. Microwave signal
disruption EM is caused by electric motors, electric power transmission lines, wind turbines, television/radio stations and cell phone
transmission towers. Wind turbines, for instance, scatter and diffract TV, radio and microwave signals when placed between signal
transmitters and receivers. Microwave radio communication is also affected by heavy moisture, snow, vapor, rain and fog due to rain fade
(the absorption of microwave signals by ice, snow or rain, causing signal degradation and distortion).

http://www.ehow.com/list6137210microwave-radio-communications-advantages-
disadvantages.html


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2 n|gh re||ab|||ty through d|vers|ty techn|ques
3 Lower power consumpt|on
4 Carry w|deband c|rcu|ts for h|gh speed data h|gh qua||ty vo|ce channe|s
S Cou|d be f|tted w|th ant|[am equ|pment adapt|ve modems and other accessor|es
6 Iorward error correct|on and h|t|ess sw|tch|ng
7 M|croprocessor contro||ed predetect|on comb|ng