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BN K HOCH THC HIN N

Tn ti : Thit k v ch to mch ng h hin th thi gian thc
H v tn sinh vin : 1. Nguyn Vn Thng
2.Nguyn Hu c Tin
Ging vin hng dn : Th.S Nguyn Vn Din

STT
1
2

Ni dung cng vic

- Gp GVHD v tho lun
- Nhn ti.

Tun
8

- ra cc mc tiu nghin cu, lp k

hoch thc hin.

Tun
9

Tun
10
Tun
11

-Nghin cu lnh vc ng dng sn

phm.
- Tm hiu l thuyt v h vi iu khin
AT89C51, LCD, DS1307,cch lp trnh
v cch kt ni VK. .
-Nghin cu, tm hiu a ra c
s nguyn l ca mch
- Tnh ton, la chn linh kin, chun b
cc thit b cn dng trong mch.
- Lp mch chy th trn panel.
- Kim tra cc thng s k thut
- V mch in.
- Hn linh kin trn board mch
Vit chng trnh iu khin

7
8

11

Thi
gian
Tun
6
Tun
7

Tun
12
Tun
13

Tun
14

- Kim tra.
- ng gi sn phm.

10

Tun
15

-Vit bo co.

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Din

Kt qu t c

Ghi ch

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NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

Hng Yn, Ngy.thng.nm 2011

Gio vin hng dn
Th.S Nguyn Vn Din

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NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

Hng Yn, Ngy.thng.nm 2011

Gio vin phn bin

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Mc lc
Li ni u .................................................................................................................6
PHN 1 : NGHIN CU L THUYT LIN QUAN
1.1

Gii thiu v vi iu khin AT 89c51 .................................................................8

1.1.1 S khi AT89c51.................................................................................8

1.1.2 S chn ca AT89C51........................................................................9
1.2

Tm hiu v IC thi gian thc DS1307..............................................................12

1.2.1 Gii thiu chung v DS1307...............................................................................12

1.2.1 C ch hot ng ca DS1307 .......................................................................17
1.3

Tm hiu v khi LCD ( hin th ).....................................................................19

PHN 2 : THIT K V THI CNG

2.1

Nhim v thit k..............................................................................................22

2..2 S khi v chc nng hot ng ca tng khi..............................................22

2.3 S mch ca tng khi
2.3.1: S nguyn l khi ngun + Ds1307.............................................................25
2.3.2 S nguyn l khi iu khin v hin th ......................................................26
2.3.3 S bord khi ngun + Ds1307.......................................................................27
2.3.4 S bord khi iu khin v hin th...............................................................27
2.3.5 Mch tng hp ng h hin th thi gian thc ..................................8
2.4 Lu thut ton v chng trnh iu khin
2.4.1. Lu thut ton ..............................................................................................29
2.4.2. Chng trnh iu khin ...................................................................................29
2.5. Hnh nh m hnh thc t ....................................................................................30
PHN 3 : KT LUN
Danh sch ti liu tham kho ......................................................................................32
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LI NI U
Ngy nay cng vi s tin b ca khoa hc k thut. i sng x hi ngy cng
pht trin cao da trn nhng ng dng cao ca khoa hc vo i sng. V vy m nhng
cng ngh in t mang tnh t ng ngy cng c ng dng rng ri. Trong c s
ng gp khng nh ca k thut vi iu khin. c bit l ngy nay, cc b vi iu khin
ang c ng dng rng ri v thm nhp ngy cng nhiu trong cc lnh vc k thut v
i sng x hi. Hu ht l cc thit b c iu khin t ng t cc thit b vn phng
cho n cc thit b trong gia nh u dng cc b vi iu khin nhm em li s tin ghi
cho con ngi trong thi i cng nghip ho, hin i ho.
Nhm gp phn lm sng t hiu qu ca nhng ng dng trong thc t ca mn vi
iu khin, sau mt thi gian nghin cu hc tp di s ging dy ca cc thy c gio
trong khoa v kin thc chuyn ngnh, ng thi cng vi s gip nhit tnh ca thy
Nguyn Vn Din ,chng em tm hiu v h vi iu khin AT89c51 nhm Thit k v
ch to mch ng h hin th thi gian thc
Vi s l lc ca bn thn nhng do thi gian, kin thc v kinh nghim ca chng
em cn hn ch nn khng th trnh khi nhng sai xt. Chng em rt mong nhn c s
gip v ng gp kin ca thy c cng cc bn n ca chng em c hon
thin hn.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!

Nhm sinh vin thc hin !

Nguyn Vn Thng
Nguyn Hu c Tin
Phone : 01675629288
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PHN 1: NGHIN CU L THUYT LIN QUAN

1.1 Gii thiu v vi iu khin AT 89c51
1.1.1 S khi AT89c51

* H vi x l 89c51 bao gm:

+ B vi x l trung tm CPU
+ hot ng tn s 12MHz
+ 4 Kbyte ROM
+ C 128 byte RAM
+ C 4 port xut nhp (I/O) 8 bit
+ 2 b nh thi 16 bit(Timer 0 v Timer 1)
+ Mch giao tip ni tip
+B x l bt ( thao tc trn cc bt ring r )
+H thng iu khin v x l ngt
+Cc knh iu khin ,d liu ,a ch
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+ Cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit

1.1.2

S chn ca AT89C51

Hnh1 : S chn ca 89C51

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+ GND(chn 20): Chn ni vi 0v

+ potr 0: P0.0 n P0.7 (chn 32 chn 39) . port 0 l port xut nhp 8 bit hai chiu.
+ Port 1 : P1.0 n P1.7 (chn 1- 8). port 1 l port xut nhp 8 bit hai chiu.
+ Port 2 : P2.0 n P2.7 (chn 21 28). Port 2 l port xut nhp 8 bit hai chiu.
+ Port 3:P3.0 n P3.7 ( chn 10- 17): Port 3 l port xut nhp 8 bit hai chiu, port 3
cng cn lm cc chc nng khc ca AT89C51. cc chc nng ny c nu nh sau:

Chn
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7

Tn
RxD
TxD
INT0
INT1
T0
T1
WR
RD

Chc nng
Ng vo port ni tip
Ng ra port ni tip
Ng vo ngt ngoi 0
Ng vo ngt ngoi 1
Ng vo bn ngoi ca b nh thi 1
Ng vo bn ngoi ca b nh thi 0
iu khin ghi b nh d liu ngoi
iu khin c b nh d liu ngoi

+ RST ( chn 9) Chn vo reset. Tch cc mc cao trong hai chu k my

+ XTAL1: Chn vo mch khuch i dao ng
+ XTAL2: Chn ra t mch khuch i dao ng
+ PSEN(chn 29): Chn cho php c b nh chng trnh ngoi

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+ ALE/PROG( chn 30) : Chn tn hiu cho php cht a ch truy cp b nh ngoi
,khi on chip xut ra byte thp ca a ch .tn hiu cht c kch hot mc cao ,tn s
xung cht =1/6 tn s dao ng ca b vi iu khin .N c th c dng cho cc b
timer ngoi hoc cho mc ch to xung clock
+ EA vpp(chn 31): Cho php on chp truy cp b nh chng trnh ngoi khi EA = 0,
ngc li EA = 1 on chip s thc thi chng trnh bn trong chip. Khi chn ny c cp
ngun in p 12V th on chip m nhn chc nng np chng trnh bn trong n

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1.2 Tm hiu v IC thi gian thc DS 1307

1.2.1 Gii thiu chung v DS1307
- DS1307 l IC thi gian thc vi ngun cung cp nh dng cp nht thi gian v
ngy thng
- SRAM :56bytes
- a ch v d liu c truyn ni tip qua 2 ng bus 2 chiu
- DS1307 c mt mch cm bin in p dng d cc in p li v t ng ng ngt
vi ngun pin cung cp 3v
- DS1307 c 7 byte d liu nm t a ch 0x00 ti 0x06, 1 byte iu khin, v 56 byte
lu tr ( dnh cho ngi s dng )
- Khi x l d liu t DS1307, h t chuyn cho ta v dng s BCD, v d nh ta c
oc d liu t a ch 0x04 ( tong ng vi Day- ngy trong thng) v ti 0x05 ( thang )
l 0x15, 0x11 nh th c ngha l lc l ngy 15-11 ch ko phi l ngy 21 thng 17
- Lu n vai tr ca chn SQW/OUT. y l chn cho xung ra ca DS1307 c 4 ch
1Hz, 4.096HZ, 8.192Hz, 32.768Hz... cc ch ny uc quy nh bi cc bt ca
thanh ghi Control Register ( a ch 0x07 )
- a ch ca DS1307 l 0xD0
- C ch hot ng :DS1307 hot ng vi vai tr slave trn ng bus ni tip.Vic
truy cp c thi hnh vi ch th start v mt m thit b nht nh c cung cp bi a
ch cc thanh ghi.tip theo cc thanh ghi s c truy cp lin tc n khi ch th stop
c thc thi.

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C ch hot ng v chc nng ca DS1307:

M t hot ng ca cc chn:

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- Vcc,GND: ngun mt chiu c cung cp ti cc chn ny. Vcc l u vo 5V.

Khi 5V c cung cp th thit b c th truy cp hon chnh v d liu c th c
v vit.
- Khi pin 3 V c ni ti thit b ny v Vcc nh hn 1,25Vbat th qu trnh c
v vit khng c thc thi,tuy nhin chc nng timekeeping khng b nh hng
bi in p vo thp. Khi Vcc nh hn Vbat th RAM v timekeeper s c ngt
ti ngun cung cp trong (thng l ngun 1 chiu 3V)

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Vbat: u vo pin cho bt k mt chun pin 3V . in p pin phi c gi trong

khong t 2,5 n 3V m bo cho s hot ng ca thit b.

SCL(serial clock input): SCL c s dng ng b s chuyn d liu trn

ng
dy ni tip.

SDA(serial data input/out): l chn vo ra cho 2 ng dy ni tip. Chn SDA

thit k
theo kiu cc mng h , i hi phi c mt in tr ko trong khi hot ng.

SQW/OUT(square wave/output driver)- khi c kch hot th bit SQWE c thit

lp 1 chn SQW/OUT pht i 1 trong 4 tn s (1Hz,4kHz,8kHz,32kHz). Chn ny
cng c thit k theo kiu cc mng h v vy n cng cn c mt in tr ko
trong. Chn nys hot ng khi c Vcc v Vbat c cp.

X1,X2: c ni vi mt thch anh tn s 32,768kHz.L mt mch to dao ng

ngoi , hot ng n nh th phi ni thm 2 t 33pF . Cng c DS1307 vi b
to dao ng trong tn s 32,768kHz, vi cu hnh ny th chn X1 s c ni vo
tn hiu dao ng trong cn chn X2 th h.

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* S a ch RAM v RTC:

Thng tin v thi gian v ngy thng c ly ra bng cch c cc byte thanh ghi
thch hp. thi gian v ngy thng c thit lp cng thng qua cc byte thanh ghi
ny bng cch vit vo nhng gi tr thch hp. ni dung ca cc thanh ghi di
dng m BCD(binary coded decreaseimal). Bit 7 ca thanh ghi seconds l bit clock
halt(CH),khi bit ny c thit lp 1 th dao ng disable,khi n c xo v 0 th
dao ng c enable.

DS1307 c th chy ch 24h cng nh 12h. Bit th 6 ca thanh ghi hours l bit
chn ch 24h hoc 12h. khi bit ny mc cao th ch 12h c chn. ch
12h th bit 5 l bit AM/PM vi mc cao l l PM. ch 24h th bit 5 l bit ch
20h(t 20h n 23h).

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Trong qu trnh truy cp d liu, khi ch th START c thc thi th dng thi gian
c truyn ti mt thanh ghi th 2,thng tin thi gian s c c t thanh ghi th
cp ny,trong khi ng h vn tip tc chy.

Trong DS1307 c mt thanh ghi iu khin iu khin hot ng ca chn

SQW/OUT

OUT(output control):bit ny iu khin mc ra ca chn SQW/OUT khi u ra xung

vung l disable. Nu SQWE=0 th mc logic chn SQW/OUT s l 1 nu
OUT=1,v =0 nu OUT=0

SQWE(square wave enable): bit ny c thit lp 1 s enable u ra ca b to

dao ng. Tn s ca u ra sng vung ph thuc vo gi tr ca RS1 v RS0

DS1307 h tr bus 2 dy 2 chiu v giao thc truyn d liu. thit b gi d liu ln

bus c gi l b pht v thit b nhn gi l b thu. thit b iu khin qu trnh
ny gi l master. thit b nhn s iu khin ca master gi l slave. Cc bus nhn
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s iu khin ca master,l thit b pht ra chui xung clock(SCL),master s iu

khin s truy cp bus,to ra cc ch th START v STOP . Tu thuc vo bit R/ w m
2 loi truyn d liu s c thc thi:
-

Truyn d liu t master truyn v slave nhn: Master s truyn byte u tin l a
ch ca slave. Tip sau l cc byte d liu . slave s gi li bit thng bo nhn
c (bit acknowledge) sau mi byte d liu nhn c. d liu s truyn t bit c
gi tr nht (MSB).

- Truyn d liu t slave v master nhn: byte u tin (a ch ca slave) c

truyn ti slave bi master. Sau slave s gi li master bit acknowledge. tip theo
slave s gi cc byte d liu ti master. Master s gi cho slave cc bit
acknowledge sau mi byte nhn c tr byte cui cng,sau khi nhn c byte cui
cng th bit acknowledge s khng c gi .
- Master pht ra tt c cc chui xung clock v cc ch th START v STOP. s
truyn s kt thc vi ch th STOP hoc ch th quay vng START. Khi ch th
START quay vng th s truyn chui d liu tip theo c thc thi v cc bus vn
cha c gii phng. D liu truyn lun bt u bng bit MSB.
1.2.1 C ch hot ng ca DS1307
DS1307 hot ng 2 ch sau:
-

Ch slave nhn( ch DS1307 ghi):chui d liu v chui xung clock s c

nhn thng qua SDA v SCL. Sau mi byte c nhn th 1 bit acknowledge s c
truyn. cc iu kin START v STOP s c nhn dng khi bt u v kt thc
mt truyn 1 chui. nhn dng a ch c thc hin bi phn cng sau khi chp
nhn a ch ca slave v bit chiu. Byte a ch l byte u tin nhn c sau khi
iu kin START c pht ra t master. Byte a ch c cha 7 bit a ch ca
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DS1307, l 1101000, tip theo l bit chiu (R/ w) cho php ghi khi n bng 0. sau
khi nhn v gii m byte a ch th thit b s pht i 1 tn hiu acknowledge ln
ng SDA. Sau khi DS1307 nhn dng c a ch v bit ghi th master s gi mt
a ch thanh ghi ti DS1307 , to ra mt con tr thanh ghi trn DS1307 v master s
truyn tng byte d liu cho DS1307 sau mi bit acknowledge nhn c. sau
master s truyn iu kin STOP khi vic ghi hon thnh.

Ch slave pht ( ch DS1307 c): byte u tin slave nhn c tng t

nh ch slave ghi. Tuy nhin trong ch ny th bit chiu li ch chiu truyn
ngc li. Chui d liu c pht i trn SDA bi DS 1307 trong khi chui xung
clock vo chn SCL. Cc iu kin START v STOP c nhn dng khi bt u
hoc kt thc truyn mt chui. byte a ch nhn c u tin khi master pht i
iu kin START. Byte a ch cha 7 bit a ch ca slave v 1 bit chiu cho php
c l 1. sau khi nhn v gii m byte a ch th thit b s nhn 1 bit acknowledge
trn ng SDA. Sau DS1307 bt u gi d liu ti a ch con tr thanh ghi
thng qua con tr thanh ghi. nu con tr thanh ghi khng c vit vo trc khi
ch c c thit lp th a ch u tin c c s l a ch cui cng cha
trong con tr thanh ghi .DS1307 s nhn c mt tn hiu Not Acknowledge khi kt
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thc qu trnh c.

1.3 Tm hiu v khi LCD ( hin th )

Hot ng ca LCD: Trong nhng nm gn y LCD ang ngy cng c s dng rng
ru thay th dn cho cc n LED (cc n LED 7 on hay nhiu on). l v cc
nguyn nhn sau:
+ Cc LCD c gi thnh h.
+ Kh nng hin th cc s, cc k t v ha tt hn nhiu so vi cc n LED ( v cc
n LED ch c th hin th c cc s v mt s k t).
+ Nh kt hp mt b iu khin lm ti vo LCD lm gii phng cho CPU cng vic
lm ti LCD. Trong khi n LED phi lm ti bng CPU (hoc bng cch no )
duy tr vic hin th d liu.
+ D dng lp trnh cho cc k t ha.
M t hot ng ca LCD:
*Chc nng ca cc chn c m t trong bng sau:

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* Bng m lnh ca LCD:

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M (Hex)
1
2
4
6
5
7
8
A
C
E
F
10
14
18
1C
80
C0
38

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Lnh n thanh ghi ca LCD

Xo mn hnh hin th
Tr v u dng
Gi con tr (dch con tr sang tri)
Tng con tr (dch con tr sang phi)
Dch hin th sang phi
Dch hin th sang tri
Tt con tr, tt hin th
Tt hin th, bt con tr
Bt hin th, tt con tr
Bt hin th, nhp nhy con tr
Tt con tr, nhp nhy con tr
Dch v tr con tr sang tri
Dch v tr con tr sang phi
Dch ton b hin th sang tri
Dch ton b hin th sang phi
p con tr V u dng th nht
p con tr V u dng th hai
Hai dng v ma trn 5 7

+ Chn VCC , VSS, VEE : Cp dng ngi +5V v t tng ng th VEE c dng
iu ch tng phn ca LCD.
+ Chn chn thanh ghi RS(Register Seclect): C hai thanh ghi rt quan trng bn trong
LCD, chn RS c dng chn thanh ghi ny nh sau: Nu RS = 0 th thanh ghi m m
lnh c chn cho php ngi dng gi mt lch chng hn nh xa mn hnh, a
con tr v u dng....Nu RS = 1 th thanh ghi d liu c chn cho php ngi dng
gi d liu cn hin th trn LCD.
+ Chn c/ghi(R/W): u vo c/ ghi cho php ngi dng ghi thng tin ln LCD
khi R/W = 0 hoc c thng tin t n khi R/W = 1.
+ Chn cho php E (Enable): Chn cho php E c s dng bi LCD cht thng
tin hin hu trn chn d liu ca n. Khi d liu c cp n chn d liu th mt xung
mc cao xung thp phi c p n chn ny LCD cht d liu trn cc chn d liu.
Xung ny phi rng ti thiu l 450ns.
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+ Chn D0 D7:y l 8 chn d liu 8 bt, c dng gi thng tin ln LCD hoc
c ni dung ca cc thanh ghi trong LCD.
hin th cc ch ci v cc con s, chng ta gi cc m ASCII ca cc ch ci t A
n Z, a n f v cc con s t 0 - 9 n cc chn ny khi bt
RS = 1.
Cng c cc m lnh m c th c gi n LCD xo mn hnh hoc a con tr v
u dng hoc nhp nhy con tr.
Chng ta cng s dng RS = 0 kim tra bt c bn xem LCD c sn sng nhn thng
tin. C bn l D7 v c th cc khi R/W = 1 v RS = 0 nh sau:
Nu R/W = 1, RS = 0 khi D7 = 1 (c bn 1) th LCD bn bi cc cng vic bn trong v s
khng nhn bt k thng tin mi no. Khi D7 = 0 th LCD sn sng nhn thng tin mi.
Lu chng ta nn kim tra c bn trc khi ghi bt k d liu no ln LCD.

PHN 2: THIT K V THI CNG

2.1 Nhim v thit k
- Thit k v ch to mch ng h hin th thi gian thc Yu cu t ra:
+ Thit k hin th b thi gian thc.
+ Thit k khi giao tip.
+ Vit chng trnh iu khin.

2.1 S khi v chc nng hot ng ca tng khi

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Khi
Hin Th

Khi thi
gian thc

Chung

Khi Vi iu
khin

Khi ngun

Nhim v ca tng khi:

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Khi
phm ci
t

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Khi ngun: khi ny c nhim v cung cp in p cn thit cho tng khi cc khi c th
hot ng ( c th in p chun +5v)

Khi thi gian thc : (IC -DS 1307 ) :Khi ny c nhim v cung cp thng tin v gi,pht,giy
,th ,ngy ,thng, nm.Ngy cui thng s t ng c iu chnh vi cc thng nh hn 31
ngy,bao gm c vic t ng nhy nm.

Khi iu khin : s dng vi iu khin AT89C51 iu khin ton b cc hot ng

chnh ca mch : nhn tn hiu iu khin ca b iu khin v tn hiu ca t IC
thi gian thc xut ra khi hin th v chung bo

Khi phm ci t : Dng thit lp cho khi thi gian thc (ngy, thng, nm, gi pht, th )

Khi LCD (hin th) : Khi ny cho php hin thi cc thng s cn thit (ngy, thng, nm, gi
pht, th ....) thng qua m ASCII.

Khi chung : Bo thi gian khi ci t hn gi

2.3 S mch ca tng khi

2.3.1 S nguyn l : Khi ngun + Ds1307

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2.3.2 S nguyn l khi iu khin v hin th

2.3.3 S bord khi ngun + Ds1307

2.3.4 S bord khi iu khin v hin th

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2.3.5 Mch tng hp ng h hin th thi gian thc

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Din

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2.4 Lu thut ton v chng trnh iu khin

2.4.1 Lu thut ton
BEGIN

KHI TO LCD

C D LIU
DS 1307

QUT
PHM

CI GI

HN GI

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CI T
HOUR=

A ? HOUR
A& 3FH

DISP_VAL

S
UP=[0]?

DOWN=[
0]

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Din

DOWN=[
0]

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BIP

BIP

DELAY

DELAY

DELAY

A++

A--

DEC_ HEX

A=[24]?

A=[0FF
H]

BIP

S
A=[0]

A=[23]

2.4.2 Chng trnh iu khin

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Din

HOUR ?A

SET_MINUT
E

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2.5 Hnh nh m hnh thc t

Phn 3 : Kt lun
Sau mt thi gian tm hiu nghin cu v lm vic mt cch khn trng nghim tc, cng
vi s gip , ch bo tn tnh ca thy Nguyn Vn Din v cc thy c trong khoa
GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Din

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in-in T, n nay chng em hon thnh M hnh ng h hin th thi gian

thc .Trong qu trnh thc hin ti nhm chng em tch cc cng nhau nghin cu
,tm ra phng n gii quyt ti u nht

*u im:
-

S dng khi hin th LCD lm cho cu trc mch n gin .Hin th trn

LCD kh nng hin th phong ph v a dng hn led 7 thanh

- ng h hot ng rt chnh xc ( hin th ngy ,thng ,nm ,th ,gi ,pht ,
gi ) rt n nh .
Hn ch:
Do thi gian c hn v kin thc cn hn ch nn mch ch dng li mc

hin th thi gian thc v hn gi.Gi thnh cn cao hn so vi mt s ng h

ca trung quc .
* Hng pht trin ti:
To ra chic ng h thi gian thc c nhiu tnh nng hn, nh hin th ngy,thng
m v nhit phng hoc ng dng n trong h thng t ng bm ,cp nc cho
cnh ng vv

Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!

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Danh sch ti liu tham kho

1. K thut vi x l

( HSPKT HNG YN )

2.Cu trc v lp trnh ( Nguyn Tng Cng ,Phan Quc Thng )

3. Gio trnh 8051 ( Tng Vn On)
4.K thut o lng cm bin (HSPKT HNG YN )
5. Gio trnh cm bin (Phan Quc Ph)
6. in t cng nghip v cm bin (Nguyn Tn Phc )
7. http://tailieu.vn
8. http://www.ebook4u.vn/home.htm
9 . http:// google.com.vn

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