LECTURE NOTES

COMPUTER SCIENCE SC025 FUNDAMENTAL OF MULTIMEDIA

MAIN MENU
1. DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA 2. MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS 3. MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY 4. MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE 5. MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION

DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1. Define Multimedia

DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia comes from the word multi and media. Multi means various, many or multiple. Media refers to any hardware or software used for communicating. Examples of hardware are: the radio, television, computer and mobile phone. Examples of software are: email, Yahoo Messenger, Multimedia Message Service (MMS) and video conferencing.

DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia is an interactive communication process or presentation of information by using a combination of text, audio, graphic, video and/or animation. Multimedia is a combination of different media via a computer system. The use of text, graphic, audio, video and/or animation to convey the animation.

ELEMENT MULTIMEDIA
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1. Describe the element of multimedia

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS Text

Text?
combination of alphabets, numbers and symbol basic element of multimedia involves the use of text types, sizes, colors and background color. keyboard, light pen, virtual keyboard, etc In a multimedia application, other media or screen can be linked through the use of text this is what you call hypertext

Hardware use? Hypertext?

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Text
Effective multimedia program should consider:

1. The position of the text on the screen

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Text
Effective multimedia program should consider:

2. Length of the message

10

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Text
Effective multimedia program should consider:

3. Legibility of the text

11

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Standard File Format
Example:

12

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Graphics
Graphics?
digital representation of images make the multimedia application attractive help to illustrate ideas through still pictures

Types?

two types of graphics: bitmaps (paint graphics) and vector (draw graphics)

Hardware use?

digital camera, scanner

13

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Bitmap images?

Graphics

real images that can be captured from devices such as cameras or scanners. made up of pixels in a grid. common bitmap formats include: BMP, GIF, JPEG/JPG, PNG, PICT (Macintosh), PCX, TIFF easily converted restricted to rectangle minimal support for transparency

14

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Vector graphics?

Graphics

draw on the computer and only required a small amount of memory. Common vector formats include: AI (Adobe Illustrator), CDR (CorelDRAW), CMX (Corel Exchange), CGM Computer Graphics Metafile, DXF AutoCAD, WMF Windows Metafile scalable resolution independent no background cartoon-like inappropriate for photo-realistic images

15

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Example

Standard File Format

16

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Video
Video?
is a product of recording moving images by using a camera or video machine. provides a powerful impact in a multimedia program.

17

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Video
Why Digital Video?
Advantages
video clips can be edited easily the digital video files can be stored like any other files in the computer and the quality of the video can still be maintained the video files can be transferred within a computer network it allows non-linear editing in any part of the video

Disadvantages
these digital video files are large in size transferring these files can take a long time especially when using the Internet.

18

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Example:

Standard File Format

19

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Audio
Audio / Sound?
use of speech, music and sound effects. two basic types of audio or sound: analog and digital audio. example of hardware used to enter audio is a microphone.

20

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Audio
Analog Audio?
the original sound signal. we can record analog audio file. special audio editors like Audacity can be use to convert analog audio files into digital audio files

Digital Audio?
the digital sampling of the actual sound. used in multimedia

21

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Standard File Format
Example:

22

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS Animation

Animation?
is a process of making a static image look like it is moving. in multimedia, digital animation is used. Digital animation can be categorized into two broad areas: 2D (2 Dimension) and 3D (3 Dimension) animations

23

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Animation
2D (2 Dimension)?
creating movements in basic objects these objects are put into various situations or positions and have movement on the screen.

24

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Animation
3D (3 Dimension)?
creating movements to three dimensional digital objects from photographs. movements like spinning and flying across the screen are some samples of animations.

25

MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
Standard File Format
Example:

26

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

DEFINITION

MULTIMEDIA MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY INTERACTIVITY NON-LINEAR LINEAR

27

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1. Describe the mode of interactivity

28

Definition of Multimedia Interactivity

Interactivity?
refers to the way users interact with a multimedia application or program. user can use input devices such as a keyboard,joystick, mouse and touch screen to interact with the application through the computer two major categories of interactivity in multimedia linear and non-linear interactivity.

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

29

Non-linear interactivity

Linear interactivity

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

Linear Interactivity

Linear Interactivity?

does not allow the user to have control of the sequence and progress of the multimedia contents user interacts with the multimedia application without controlling the progress of the content user is a passive receiver of the multimedia content most of the time. content is usually arranged in sequence example: a movie although a movie uses a combination of audio, graphics and animations, the user has no control over the sequence of events.

31

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

Linear Interactivity

Example of linear interactivity 32

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

Non-Linear Interactivity

Non-Linear Interactivity?

lets the user control the sequence and progress of the multimedia content. allows the user to interact with the content according to what the user wants from the content two way communication user can control the progress and sequence of the multimedia content by using buttons or links.

33

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

Non-Linear Interactivity
Example:
uses tools like hypertext to connect a word or a phrase to another screen an electronic book with links to another screen is considered as having non-linear multimedia content hypermedia, tool is similar to hypertext; it connects to different media elements such as audio and video.

34

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

Non-Linear Interactivity
Hypertext

Electronic Book

Hypermedia

35

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
METAPHOR

MULTIMEDIA MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE SOFTWARE AUTHORING TOOLS SUPPORT SOFTWARE

36

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Authoring Tools LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1. Differentiate between multimedia authoring tools based on the metaphor 2. Explain different types of support software
37

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Authoring Tools
Authoring Tools?
program that helps you write multimedia applications. enable you to create a final application by linking together objects such as a paragraph of text, graphic or a video.

38

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Authoring Tools
The metaphor conveys: way program organizes elements sequences events delivers Three basic categories: Time-based Card-based or Page-based Icon-based

39

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Authoring Tools
Time based?
the multimedia elements or events are presented and organized along a time line. helps users coordinate when each multimedia element (text, graphics, audio, video or animation) plays a time line consists of layers which span several frames examples of authoring tools using the time based concept are Flash, Director and Ktoon. These software can support multi platform.

40

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Authoring Tools
Example (time based):

A simple presentation could contain three layers; layer one could contain a picture of a blue sky, layer two could contain a picture of a mountain and layer three a picture of a mountain climber.

41

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE Authoring Tools

Icon based?
provides the multimedia developer with a visual programming approach to sequencing events in the multimedia application. elements and events are organized in a structural framework. users can present visually a logical flow of events by dragging icons from an icon menu and use drag and drop to pick up and place icons on the presentation page.

42

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Authoring Tools
Icon based?
the icons represent graphics, audio files, animation, text, movies, and other elements should be played in a logical flow or flow chart. A presentation is built by inserting one object after another e.g. a simple application could contain just three icons: picture, sound icon and text. examples of authoring tools using the icon base concept are Authorware and iconAuthor and these two software can support multi platform.

43

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Authoring Tools
Example (icon based):

44

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Authoring Tools
Page/card based?
based on the idea of page / card stacks containing graphics, audio, video, text and animation elements and events in card concept authoring tools are organized as pages in a book or a stack of cards by inserting objects into several pages, a multimedia book is eventually created developer can create transitions between pages and on the objects themselves examples of the card concept in authoring tools are ToolBook (use Windows platform), HyperCard and SuperCard (use Macintosh platform) and Impress (open source software).

45

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Authoring Tools
Example (page/card base):

46

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Support Software LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1. Explain different types of support software

47

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Support Software
Software that can be used to produce multimedia elements.

48

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Support Software
text editor is used to edit plain text
Examples of Editing Software OpenOffice.org Writer; *.odt Microsoft Word; *.doc, *.docx Wordpad *.rtf Notepad *.txt

49

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Support Software
graphic editor can edit images, draw or illustrate
pictures or objects. Examples of Editing Software GIMP; *.xcf Adobe Photoshop; *.psd Corel Draw *.cdr Microsoft Paint *.bmp

50

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Support Software
animation editors are used for producing 2D, 3D,
special effects and animation for the Web. Examples of Editing Software 3D Blender; *.blend Adobe Flash; *.swf 3D Studio Max; *.max LightWave *.dvs

51

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE Support Software

audio editor is used for voice recording or producing
music and special sound effects. Examples of Editing Software Audacity; *.aup Sound Forge; *.wav WavePad; *.dvs

52

MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Support Software
video editor is used to edit video.
Examples of Editing Software PiTiVi; *.xptv OpenShot; *.osp Adobe Premier; *.ptl Final Cut Pro; *.fcp

53

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
CD-ROM

DVD-ROM

MEDIUM MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION OF DISTRIBUTION

BD-ROM

FLASH DRIVE

BROADBAND INTERNET 54

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1. Differentiate medium of distribution

55

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
CD-ROM
CD-ROM?
acronym for compact disc-read-only memory use laser technology to store items. users can read the contents but cannot erase or modify it contents. typical CD holds 650 MB to 1 GB of data, instructions and information

56

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
DVD-ROM
DVD-ROM?
acronym for digital versatile disc-read-only memory or digital video disc-read-only memory. high capacity optical disk that user can read but not write on or erase. capable of storing 4.7 GB to 17 GB of data, depending on the storage techniques used.

57

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
BD-ROM
BD-ROM?
acronym for blu-ray disc-read-only memory. a newer, more expensive DVD format with higher capacity and better quality than standard DVDs. has storage capacities 0f 100 GB, with expectations of exceeding 200 GB in the future.

58

59

60

SUMMARY
1. DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA 2. MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS 3. MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY 4. MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE 5. MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION

61