iai geometrijos interpretacijai a skiriu did dmes, nes jei su ja nebiau susipains, buiau nesugebjs ivystyti reliatyvumo teorijos.

Hiperbolin geometrija, pagal apibrim, yra geometrija, kuriai priimamos visos prastos geometrijos aksiomos, o Hilberto postulatas pakeiiamas jam prieingu, vadinamu hiperboline aksioma. Hiperbolin aksioma: hiperbolinje geometrijoje egzistuoja linija l ir takas P, nepriklausantis tai linijai toks, kad bent dvi besiskirianios linijos, lygegriaios l, eina per P. Teorema. Hiperbolinje geometrijoje nra staiakampi. Italas, jzuitas Girolamo Saccheri prie mirt 1733 ileido Euclides ab omni naevo vindicatus (Euklidas ilaisvintas nuo vis klaid). Band rodyti Lygegriai teorem neigimo reductio ad absurdum metodu. Atsirado Sakerio keturkampiai, taiau Sakeriui nepavyko rodyti, kad virutiniai kampai negali bti smailieji (tuo pat rod, kad trikampio plotas yra baigtinis, yra absoliutus matavimo vienetas). Nikolajus Lobaevskis( gim 1792 m). Paskelb sivaizduojamj geometrij. Jis taip pat pradjo nuo 5 postulato neigimo. The reviewer at the St. Petersburg Academy rejected it, and a Russian literary journal attacked Lobachevsky for "the insolence and shamelessness of false new inventions" Farkaas Bolai savo snui Janoui: Maldauju tave, nemgink ir tu veikti lygiagrei tiesi teorijos; tu ieikvosi tam vis savo laik, o io teiginio js nerodysite visi kartu. Nemgink veikti lygiagrei tiesi teorijos nei tuo bd, apie kur man raei, nei kokiu nors kitu. A inagrinjau visus kelius iki galo; a neberadau n vienos idjos, kurios nebiau gvildens. A prajau vis nirij ios nakties tams, palaidojau joje bet kur viesul, bet kur gyvenimo diaugsm. Dl dievo, maldauju tave, mesk t materij, bijok jos ne maiau, kaip gali pomgi, nes ir ji gali atimti tau vis laik, sveikat, ramyb, vis tavo gyvenimo laim. Nikolajus Lobaevskis( gim 1792 m). Paskelb sivaizduojamj geometrij. Jis taip pat pradjo nuo 5 postulato neigimo, taiau nerado prietaravim, o nauj, nuosekli, nors ir netiktin, geometrij. Kad buvo dvi lygiagreios tiess. Lygiagretumo kampas priklauso nuo atstumo. ir takui nesaniam per eina bent dvi asimtotikosios

Teorema Trikampio kamp suma Defektas. Teorema. Visi panaieji trikampiai yra vienodi

) keturkampis dalijamas dvi dalis)

Sunku ias teoremas paprastai suprasti, taiau j tyrinjimui kuriami modeliai (kuri gali bti be galo daug). Lobaevski, Bolai jais nesinaudojo. Poinkare diskas is a model of hyperbolic geometry in which the points of the geometry are in an disk, or unit ball, and the straight lines of the hyperbolic geometry are segments of circles contained in the disk orthogonal to the boundary of the disk, or else diameters of the disk. Maurits Cornelis Escher (17 June 1898 27 March 1972), ] was a Dutch graphic artist Virutin pusploktum Kleino modelis Minkovskio (hiperboloido) modelis Ivados, apibendrinimas.
If I begin with the statement that I dare not praise such a work, you will of course be startled for a moment: but I cannot do otherwise; to

praise it would amount to praising myself; for the entire content of the work, the path which your son has taken, the results to which he is led, coincide almost exactly with my own meditations which have occupied my mind for from thirty to thirty-five years. On this account I find myself surprised to the extreme. My intention was, in regard to my own work, of which very little up to the present has been published, not to allow it to become known during my lifetime. Most people have not the insight to understand our conclusions and I have encountered only a few who received with any particular interest what I comqlUnicated to them. In order to understand these things, one must first have a keen perception of what is needed, and upon this point the majority are quite confused. On the other hand, it was my plan to put all down on paper eventually, so that at least it would not finally perish with me.