Unit 1: Nature of Research
Lesson 2
Research Process and Ethics
Practical Research 1
Senior High School Applied - Academic
What are the
processes
involved in
doing
research?
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 2
● Recognize the characteristics of
Learning research.
Objectives ● Enumerate the steps involved
At the end of the
in the research process.
lesson, you should ● Explain the importance of
be able to do the
following: ethics in research.
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 33
Research is
controlled and
manipulated to
Characteristics
of Research understand the
relationship
between two or
more variables.
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 4
Research follows
stringent
procedures to find
Characteristics out the answers to
of Research
questions that are
relevant and
appropriate in
nature.
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 5
Research is
systematic as it
follows a step-
Characteristics by-step
of Research
procedure to
answer
research
questions.
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 6
Data are correct
and verifiable by
Characteristics the researcher
of Research
and eventually, by
the readers of the
research work.
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 7
Research must be
totally based on
Characteristics hard evidence
of Research gathered from
observations and
real-life
experiences.
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 8
The Research Process
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 99
The Research Process
Phase 1
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 10
10
The Research Process
Phase 2
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 11
11
The Research Process
Phase 3
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 12
12
Principles in Research Ethics
Ethical Principles Explanation
Honesty All researchers must honestly present information on data,
results, research methods and procedures, and status of work.
Researchers must not falsify and distort the data to deceive the
public.
Objectivity Researchers should remove any form of bias in all stages of
research. All observations and data collected must not be
changed in any way to agree with the wants of the researchers.
Prudence Researchers must be careful in evaluating their own work.
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 13
Principles in Research Ethics
Ethical Principles Explanation
Responsible publication Researchers must publish their results and share it to other
people for the sake of science and the pursuit of knowledge.
Confidentiality Researchers must save and secure confidential information of
anyone involved in the research project, especially the
respondents for their target samples.
Respect for Intellectual The researchers must respect patents, copyright rights, and
other forms of intellectual property. It is a criminal act for
Property
anyone to plagiarize.
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 14
Principles in Research Ethics
Ethical Principles Explanation
Social responsibility Researchers must conduct research studies that could be
beneficial to the entire society.
Anti-discrimination Researchers must avoid discrimination against any form of
social labels like sex, gender, religion, and the like.
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 15
Remember
The research process is an endless
cycle. It does not stop when the
results are published and shared to
the rest of the community.
16
What can be the consequences if
the research does not comply
with the ethical standard?
17
Practice
Based on your understanding of the discussed
principles of research ethics, try to cite scenarios where
you can apply each principle as a student of research.
Ethical Principles Use for Student Researchers
Honesty
Objectivity
Prudence
Responsible publication
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 18
Quick Check
This is the step in which the researcher must
do keen observation of his or her surroundings
to find possible subject areas to study.
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 19
19
Quick Check
This the step that involves the process of
drafting detailed procedures for data collection
and analysis.
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 20
20
Quick Check
Evaluate which research ethics principle can be
applied in this scenario:
The researcher tried to fabricate data for his
or her research.
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND 21
21
Wrap Up
Research process refers to the
overall steps needed to accomplish
the entire research according to the
principles of the scientific method.
22
Wrap Up
Research ethics refers to all the practices
being followed by the researcher in order
to make sure that all steps of the research
process will be done with high integrity and
followed the set standards by the
community of researchers all over the
world.
23
Wrap Up
The Research Process
24
Bibliography
Ackoff, Russell L. Scientific Method. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1962.
Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches.
3rd edition. California: SAGE Publications Inc., 2009.
Hillway, Tyrus. Introduction to Research. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin,1964.
Kothari, Crisan R. Quantitative Techniques. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd., 1984.
Leavy, Patricia. Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods, Arts-Based, and
Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches. New York: The Guilford Press,
2017.
Neuman, W. Lawrence. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th
ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2014.
25
