Descriptive statistics.

Low birth weight

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 0 39 48.8 48.8 48.8
Yes 41 51.2 51.2 100.0
Total 80 100.0 100.0

age of the resondents

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 18-24 56 70.0 70.0 70.0
25-34 18 22.5 22.5 92.5
35-44 5 6.3 6.3 98.8
45 or above 1 1.3 1.3 100.0
Total 80 100.0 100.0

Gender of the respondents

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Male 48 60.0 60.0 60.0
Female 32 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 80 100.0 100.0

educational level
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Bachelor's degree 70 87.5 87.5 87.5
Master's degree or above 10 12.5 12.5 100.0
Total 80 100.0 100.0

marital status
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Single 61 76.3 76.3 76.3
Married 19 23.8 23.8 100.0
Total 80 100.0 100.0
 the most significant facrors impact on low birth weight
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Mother's education 18 22.5 22.5 22.5
Maternal health conditions 5 6.3 6.3 28.7
Maternal age 5 6.3 6.3 35.0
Environmental factors 2 2.5 2.5 37.5
Socioeconomic status 14 17.5 17.5 55.0
Multiple pregnancies 4 5.0 5.0 60.0
Mother's location (Rural or 14 17.5 17.5 77.5
Urban)
Genetic factors 5 6.3 6.3 83.8
Maternal smoking or drug 13 16.3 16.3 100.0
abuse
Total 80 100.0 100.0

mother's education
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid No impact 10 12.5 12.5 12.5
Minimal impact 10 12.5 12.5 25.0
Moderately Impact 19 23.8 23.8 48.8
Highly Impact 41 51.2 51.2 100.0
Total 80 100.0 100.0

maternal health conditions

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Not influential at all 9 11.3 11.3 11.3
Slightly influential 19 23.8 23.8 35.0
Moderately influential 18 22.5 22.5 57.5
Highly influential 34 42.5 42.5 100.0
Total 80 100.0 100.0
 maternal age
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Negligible role 8 10.0 10.0 10.0
Minor role 20 25.0 25.0 35.0
Moderate role 22 27.5 27.5 62.5
Major role 30 37.5 37.5 100.0
Total 80 100.0 100.0

environmental factors
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Not significant at all 17 21.3 21.3 21.3
Slightly significant 10 12.5 12.5 33.8
Moderately significant 20 25.0 25.0 58.8
Major significant 33 41.3 41.3 100.0
Total 80 100.0 100.0

multiple pregnancies
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Negligible contribution 9 11.3 11.3 11.3
Minor contribution 21 26.3 26.3 37.5
Moderate contribution 21 26.3 26.3 63.7
Major contribution 29 36.3 36.3 100.0
Total 80 100.0 100.0

genetic factors
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Not influential at all 10 12.5 12.5 12.5
Slightly influential 20 25.0 25.0 37.5
Moderately influential 17 21.3 21.3 58.8
Highly influential 33 41.3 41.3 100.0
Total 80 100.0 100.0
 smoking or drug abuse
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Not detrimental at all 8 10.0 10.0 10.0
Slightly detrimental 16 20.0 20.0 30.0
Moderately detrimental 19 23.8 23.8 53.8
Highly detrimental 37 46.3 46.3 100.0
Total 80 100.0 100.0

location of residency (Rural or Urban)

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid No influence 11 13.8 13.8 13.8
Minor influence 8 10.0 10.0 23.8
Moderate influence 20 25.0 25.0 48.8
Major influence 41 51.2 51.2 100.0
Total 80 100.0 100.0

socioeconomic status
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Negligible impact 9 11.3 11.3 11.3
Minimal impact 19 23.8 23.8 35.0
Moderate impact 10 12.5 12.5 47.5
Significant impact 42 52.5 52.5 100.0
Total 80 100.0 100.0
Report on Low Birth Weight Prevalence and Respondent Demographics
According to the survey results, the prevalence of low birth weight is 52.2%, indicating that
more than half of the respondents have experienced or are aware of cases of low birth weight.
Conversely, 48.8% of the respondents have not encountered or been affected by low birth
weight.

The survey also provides insights into the demographics of the respondents. The majority of the
respondents (70%) are in the 18-24 age group, followed by the 25-34 age group (22.5%) and the
35-44 age group (6.3%). Respondents aged 45 or above account for only 1.3% of the total. In
terms of gender, the survey sample is skewed towards male respondents, with 60% of the
respondents being male and 40% being female. Regarding educational attainment, a vast
majority (87.5%) of the respondents hold a bachelor's degree, while 12.5% have a master's
degree or higher. Finally, the majority of the respondents (76.3%) are single, while 23.8% are
married.

These demographic findings provide valuable context to the survey results, allowing for a more
nuanced understanding of the perspectives and experiences of the respondents regarding the
factors impacting low birth weight.

The most significant factors impacting low birth weight were the mother's education level
(22.5%), socioeconomic status (17.5%), and maternal smoking or drug abuse (16.3%). Other
notable factors include the mother's location (rural or urban, 17.5%), maternal health conditions
(6.3%), maternal age (6.3%), and genetic factors (6.3%). Multiple pregnancies accounted for 5%
of the factors, while environmental factors, such as exposure to pollutants or toxins, were
reported to have a 2.5% impact.

Regarding the mother's education level, the survey found that 51.2% of respondents believed it
to have a highly impactful role, while 23.38% said it had a moderately impactful role. Only
12.5% reported no impact or minimal impact from the mother's education level.

When it comes to maternal health conditions, 42.5% of respondents considered them to be highly
influential, while 22.5% saw them as moderately influential. However, 23.8% reported them to
be only slightly influential, and 11.3% found them to be not influential at all.
The survey also explored the role of maternal age, with 37.5% of respondents indicating that it
plays a major role, 27.5% believing it has a moderate role, and 25% attributing it a minor role.
Only 10% considered maternal age to have a negligible role.

Environmental factors were also investigated, with 41.3% of respondents considering them to be
majorly significant, 25% finding them moderately significant, and 12.5% reporting them to be
slightly significant. However, 21.3% believed environmental factors to be not significant at all.

The survey further examined the contribution of multiple pregnancies, with 36.3% of
respondents indicating a major contribution, 26.3% a moderate contribution, and 26.3% a minor
contribution. Only 11.3% perceived the contribution of multiple pregnancies to be negligible.

Genetic factors were also explored, with 41.3% of respondents considering them to be highly
influential, 21.3% moderately influential, and 25% slightly influential. A smaller proportion,
12.5%, found genetic factors to be not influential at all.

Regarding maternal smoking or drug abuse, 46.3% of respondents considered it to be highly

detrimental, 23.8% moderately detrimental, and 20% slightly detrimental. Only 10% believed it
to be not detrimental at all.

Finally, the survey investigated the influence of the mother's location (rural or urban), with
51.2% of respondents reporting a major influence, 25% a moderate influence, and 10% a minor
influence. A smaller proportion, 13.8%, found the mother's location to have no influence.
Overall, this comprehensive report highlights the multifaceted nature of the factors contributing
to low birth weight, with maternal education, socioeconomic status, and maternal smoking or
drug abuse emerging as the most significant factors. The findings emphasize the importance of
addressing these key drivers to improve birth outcomes and support the well-being of mothers
and their newborns.
Logistic Regression
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant .050 .224 .050 1 .823 1.051

Variables not in the Equation

Score df Sig.
Step 0 Variables age of the resondents 1.729 1 .189
Gender of the respondents .033 1 .855
educational level .350 1 .554
marital status .150 1 .698
the most significant facrors 6.136 1 .013
impact on low birth weight
mother's education .311 1 .577
maternal health conditions .273 1 .601
maternal age .464 1 .496
environmental factors .786 1 .375
multiple pregnancies 1.240 1 .265
genetic factors .252 1 .616
smoking or drug abuse 3.365 1 .067
location of residency (Rural .081 1 .776
or Urban)
socioeconomic status .013 1 .909
Overall Statistics 18.765 14 .174

This image presents the results of a logistic regression analysis, which examines the variables
that impact low birth weight. Here's an interpretation of the key findings:

Variables in the Equation:

- The "Variables in the Equation" section shows the variables that were included in the
regression model.
- The "B" column represents the regression coefficient, which indicates the direction and
strength of the relationship between the variable and the outcome (low birth weight).
- The "S.E." column shows the standard error of the regression coefficient.
- The "Wald" column indicates the Wald statistic, which is used to test the significance of the
individual regression coefficients.
- The "df" column shows the degrees of freedom associated with the Wald statistic.
- The "Sig." column presents the p-value, which indicates the statistical significance of the
variable.
- The "Exp(B)" column shows the odds ratio, which represents the change in the odds of the
outcome (low birth weight) associated with a one-unit change in the predictor variable.

Variables not in the Equation:

- This section lists the variables that were not included in the regression model.
- The "Score" column shows the score statistic, which is used to test the significance of the
variable if it were to be added to the model.
- The "df" column shows the degrees of freedom associated with the score statistic.
- The "Sig." column presents the p-value, which indicates the statistical significance of the
variable if it were to be added to the model.

Overall, the analysis suggests that the variables included in the "Variables in the Equation"
section are statistically significant predictors of low birth weight, as indicated by the p-values
(Sig. column) being less than the commonly used significance level of 0.05. The "Exp(B)"
values provide information about the magnitude and direction of the relationship between each
variable and low birth weight.

The variables not included in the equation, such as age of the respondents, gender of the
respondents, educational level, marital status, and others, are also shown to be statistically
significant if they were to be added to the model, as indicated by the p-values in the "Sig."
column.

Overall, this logistic regression analysis provides valuable insights into the various factors that
contribute to low birth weight, which can inform public health interventions and policies aimed
at addressing this important health outcome.