DNA

DNA
(Genomix) (bioinformatics)

DNA

Gene, ) (Allele, Genotype, Phenotype

 : (
4

DNA DNA
RNA DNA DNA

 1944 DNA
(Nucleic acids)
Deoxyribonuclic acid ( DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
6

1953

1868 Friedrick Miescher nuclein

1910
Phoebus Levene DNA
7

Griffith
1928 Griffith DNA Streptococcus Pneumonia
) ( (Type SIII) ( ) (Type RII)

(Type SIII) (Type SIII) (Type RII) (Type SIII) (Type R)

(Type SIII )
9

Griffith hypothesized that the transforming agent was a IIIS protein.

(Type SIII)
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(Type RII)

Avery, McCarty and MacLeod Griffith

1944

DNA
11

 Avery 1944
DNA RNA

DNA
+ + +

DNA

RNA
12

Hershey -Chase
DNA DNA DNA DNA T2
) ( DNA

1952

DNA

13

Hershey -Chase
DNA ) 35S DNA )32P ( (

14

10 DNA

DNA

DNA

DNA

15

DNA
DNA DNA

16

Phoebus A. Levene
1920 ) ( ( ) (
( ) ( )

17

RNA

DNA

18

19

 DNA Phosphodiester Bonds 3 1 2 DNA DNA 5

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DNA
DNA DNA DNA
DNA DNA

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DNA DNA

DNA

Francic Crick James Watson

1953 Crick Watson Chargaff

DNA A = T, C = G A + G = C + T (purine = pyrimidine) C+G A+T Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins

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Erwin Chargaff
1953 -1949 ( DNA DNA ) (
= =

Chargaff Rule
23

24

Franklin and Wilkins

X

X-Ray diffraction patterns (1953-1950) Franklin

DNA 34 20

25

Watson and Crick

Watson and Crick . Watson DNA 1953 DNA

Watson and Crick

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Watson and Crick

: G-C A-T 3.4 ( 34 )

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 (A) (C) (T) (G)

28

29

DNA
Fig. 2.8 Gierer & Schramm Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Experiment - 1956 Fraenkel-Conrat & Singer - 1957 Used 2 viral strains to demonstrate RNA is the genetic material of TMV

Fraenkel-Conrat and Singer, 1956 DNA RNA

RNA

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RNA
deoxyribose Ribose RNA RNA
Ribosomal RNA tRNA mRNA snRNAs Telomerase RNA siRNAs
31

Antisense RNAs

Absorption Spectra
) 260-245 (

DNA

32

(Sedimentation and density)

CsCl (DNA) or CsSO4 for RNA

33

Buoyant Density Centrifugation

34

DNA
DNA

PCR

35

DNA

DNA:DNA or DNA:RNA FISH Southern transfer (blotting) DNA microarray

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