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BY:
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STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

❖ Engineering Mechanics is defined as the

Science which considers the effects of forces on
rigid bodies. It is naturally divided into two
parts: Statics and Dynamics.
❖ Statics is a branch of Mechanics which
considers the effects and distribution of forces
on rigid bodies which are and remain at rest.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

❖ Dynamics is a branch of Mechanics that

considers the motion of rigid bodies caused by
the forces acting upon them.
❖ A rigid body is defined as a definite amount of
matter the parts of which are fixed in position
relative to each other.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

❖ Intuitively, a Force is a push or pull to an object.

❖ Generally, a Force is an interaction between two
objects or an object to its environment.
❖ In this discussion, Force may be defined as that
which changes, or tends to change, the state of
motion of a body. External forces will be
considered in this branch of Mechanics.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

❖ Characteristics of a Force
1) its magnitude
2) the position of its line of action
3) the direction (or sense) in which the force acts
along its line of action
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
❖ Principle of Transmissibility of a Force states that
“the external effects of a force on a body is the
same for all the points of application along its line
of action. The internal effect of a force, however,
is definitely dependent on its point of
application.”
❖ A force system is any arrangement where two or
more forces act on a body or on a group of related
bodies.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

❖ Two Major Force Systems

1. Concurrent Force System- it occurs when the
lines of action of the forces acting on a body
pass through a common point.
2. Non-concurrent Force System- it occurs when
the lines of action of the forces acting on a body
do not intersect at a common point.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

❖ Parallel Force System- it is a special type of

Non-concurrent Force System where the lines of
action of the forces acting on a body are parallel
to each other.
❖ Action Forces (Applied Forces) are forces
acting on the free body.
❖ Reaction Forces are forces exerted by the FBD
upon other bodies.
 STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

❖ Introduction to Free-Body Diagrams

❖ A Free-Body Diagram is a sketch of the
isolated body which shows only the forces
acting upon the body.
❖ The head of the force vector shows the
direction of the force exerted on a body while
its tail indicates the body receiving that force.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

❖ The intersection of the plane and the axis is

commonly called the moment center, and the
perpendicular distance from the moment center
to the line of action of the force is called
moment arm.
❖ Varignon’s Theorem states that the moment of a
force is equivalent to the sum of moments of its
components.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

❖ Moment of a Force
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

3.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
❖ The Resultant of a force system is a single force
that will have the same effect to the body, both
in translation and rotation, if all the forces are
removed and replaced by the resultant.
❖ The x-component and y-component of the
resultant are equal to the summation of the
forces along the x-direction and y-direction,
respectively.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
❖ Exercises (Concurrent Force System)
1. Three ropes are tied to a small metal ring. At
the end of each rope, three students are pulling,
each trying to move the ring in their direction.
If we look down from above, the forces and
directions they are applying are shown on the
next slide. Find the net force on the ring due to
the three applied forces.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
❖ Resultant of Parallel Force System
❖ Parallel forces can be in the same or in opposite
directions. The sign of the direction can be chosen
arbitrarily, meaning, taking one direction as positive
makes the opposite direction negative.
❖ The complete definition of the resultant is
according to its magnitude, direction, and line of
action.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

❖ Exercises (Resultant of Parallel Force System)

1. A parallel force system acts on the lever as
shown below. Determine the magnitude and
position of the resultant.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

3.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

❖ Resultant of Non-concurrent Force System

❖ The resultant of a non-concurrent force system
is defined according to magnitude, inclination,
and position.
❖ The position of the resultant can be determined
according to the principles of moments.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

3. Determine completely the resultant of the forces

acting on the step pulley shown below.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

4. Determine completely the resultant of the force

system shown below and its x- and y- intercepts.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

5. Determine completely the resultant of the force

system shown below and its x- and y- intercepts.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

❖ Equilibrium
❖ The body is said to be in Equilibrium if the
resultant of all forces acting on it is zero.
❖ There are two major types of static equilibrium,
namely, translational equilibrium and rotational
equilibrium.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
 STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

❖ Important Points for Equilibrium Forces

✔ Two forces are in equilibrium if they have the
same magnitude but oppositely directed.
✔ Three coplanar forces in equilibrium are
concurrent.
✔ Three or more concurrent forces in equilibrium
form a closed polygon when connected in
head-to-tail manner.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

4.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

5.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

6. Determine the reactions for the beam shown

below.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

6. Determine the reactions for the beam shown

below.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

7. The truss shown below is supported on roller at

A and hinge at B. Solve for the components of the
reactions.
STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

References:
https://mathalino.com/reviewer/engineering-mecha
nics/engineering-mechanics