MOHAMAD SHAMSURI BIN MAHUSSIN-PE-13550 PARASEQUENCE

A relatively conformable succession of genetically related beds or bedsets (within a parasequence set) bounded by marine flooding surfaces or their correlative surfaces
PARASEQUENCE SETS

A succession of genetically related parasequences that form a distinctive stacking pattern that in many cases is bounded by major marine-flooding surfaces and their correlative surfaces

PROGRADATIONAL

In a progradational set of parasequences, each parasequence builds out or advances somewhat farther seaward than the parasequence before. Because of this, each parasequence contains a somewhat shallower set of facies than the parasequence before. This produces an overall shallowing-upward trend within the entire parasequence set.A progradational parasequence set can be recognized by the progressive appearance of shallower-water facies upward in the parasequence set as well as the progressive loss of deeper-water facies upward in the parasequence set. AGGRADATIONAL In this type, each parasequence progrades to roughly the same position as the previous parasequence. Thus, each parasequence contains essentially the same suite of facies as the parasequences above and below. In a single outcrop, an aggradational parasequence set can be recognized by the similarity of facies composition in each successive parasequence. No new deeper or shallower water facies will tend to appear near the top or base of the parasequence set. In a cross-section, an aggradational parasequence set can be recognized by the relative stability of any particular facies contact at an equivalent position in a parasequence RETROGRADATIONAL In a retrogradational set of parasequences, each parasequence progrades less than the preceding parasequence. The result is that each parasequence contains a deeper set of facies than the parasequence below. This net facies shift produces an overall deepening upward trend within the entire parasequence set. In a single outcrop, a retrogradational parasequence set can be recognized by the progressive appearance of deeper water facies upwards within

MOHAMAD SHAMSURI BIN MAHUSSIN-PE-13550

the parasequence set as well as the progressive loss of shallower water facies upwards in the parasequence set

Lowstand Systems Tract (LST) A system tract deposited during an interval of relative sea level fall and early sea level rise. There are four component parts to a lowstand systems tract : A mass transport deposit, a basin floor fan, a slope fan, a prograding complex. Lowstand Systems Tract sediments often fill or partially infill incised valleys that were cut into the Highstand Systems Tract, and other earlier deposits, during the FSST. This systems tract has also been termed the Late Lowstand Systems Tract Transgressive Systems Tract (TST) A system tract deposited during an interval of rapid rise in relative sea level. The TST lies directly on the transgressive surface (TS) formed when the sediments onlap the underlying LST and is overlain by the maximum flooding surface (mfs) formed when marine sediments reach their most landward position. Components- shelf and shoreface deposits, condensed section capped by a maximum flooding surface. Highstand Systems Tract (HST) A system tract deposited during continued sea level rise, but when the rate of rise diminishes. Accomodation space increases at lower rate than rate at which sediment is supplied. Sediment prograde basinwards, forming broad coastal plains and deltas near major rivers, and others. Stacking patterns exhibit prograding aggrading clinoforms that thin upward. Shelf Margin Systems Tract (SMST) -- Relative sea-level may fall over the proximal area of the highstant topsets, without falling at the offlap break. A sequence boundary results, but not one characterized by fluvial incision or submarine fan deposition. The sequence boundary is recognized in the seismic lines by a downward shift in coastal onlap to a position landward of the offlap break, where topset reflections can be seen onlapping an older topset. Type 2 sequence boundary recognized by a downword shift in coastal onlap, nut does not shift beyond the offlap break.
References: UGA Stratigraphy Lab, Retrived July 18, 2011 from http://www.uga.edu/strata/sequence/tracts.html System-Tract, Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary, Retrived 18 July, 2011 from http://sepmstrata.org/terminology/system-tract.html

MOHAMAD SHAMSURI BIN MAHUSSIN-PE-13550 Posamentier, H.W., Vail, P.R., 1988, Eustatic controls on clastic deposition. II. Sequence and systems tract models. In: Wilgus, C.K., Hastings, B.S., Kendall, C.G.St.C., Posamentier, H.W., Ross, C.A., Van Wagoner, J.C. (Eds.), Sea Level Changes An Integrated Approach, vol. 42. SEPM Special Publication, pp. 125 154.