Multipurpose Salted Fish Dryer

FINAL YEAR PROJECT (1) 2011 MECHANICAL DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
MULTIPURPOSE SALTED FISH DRYER Page 1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION: GENERAL PRODUCTION CONSTRUCTION 1.1 BASIC TERMINOLOGY These days, modern technology is developing more and more rapidly. Every blinking of our eyes, new technologies are created. Only one sure purpose this situation happens is to easy our daily life. With that, too many machine are creates to reduce the limitation of human capable. Not only that, machine usually be create to minimize human energy. So, from that concept, us, Mechanical Design & Development Engineering students, believes that there are something that be use to implement in this Final Year Project. From that, an idea to building a valuable fish drying systems. Multipurpose salted fish dryer is a valuable to salt fish producers, and to help the salt fish producers get produce salt fish in rainy season.
1.2 BACKGROUND STUDY MECHANICAL DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT is a subject that be focused on how to produce, maintain, improve the production documents of a product. In a production documents there are lots of necessary things that can be include such as drawing, design, layout, inventory, process planning and others. Besides that, in production there also concern how to produce the production system such as: i. ii. iii. iv. v. Project management Project scheduling Project controlling Project technique Project analysis
Moreover, the system such as production line or assembly lines also the necessary part in the production. Not only that, to improve the system, there be used of quality.
1.3 PROJECT OVERVIEW Final Year Project (FYP) is one of the compulsory subject need to be taken by students in Diploma Program of University Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Spanish Institute (UniKL MSI).
The project that been choose by this group is to produce a machine which useful to salted fish producers. We have decided to create a machine which we call multipurpose salted fish dryer.
Besides that, this project will help us to apply knowledge that was gained during the study period at University Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Spanish Institute on the previous semester and implement the skills that be teach in this course. For example, to complete the first part of this project, all the skills about machine will be apply on and to the second part of this project, all the theories will be implementing on. The Design & Fabrication process are produces by group of three students, with the guidance and support from the project supervisor, En Mohd Nurhidayat bin Zaheelem.
1.4 OBJECTIVES The aim of FYP is to provide the opportunity for students to apply and integrate the critical knowledge and principles, taught in the course, in the course, in solving technical problems. It also provides the opportunity for the students to demonstrate independence and originality, as well as to plan and organize a project over a certain period of time. Throughout this course, students should also be able to:
Document all findings and problems encountered during the implementation. Apply practical hands-on techniques in process, quality control and related analysis in their specialized program.
Demonstrate the procedures and methods of project implementation. Execute the sequence in various steps required to produce / manufacture / test / solve / improve real life industrial projects problems.
Produce a technical report and make a presentation.
1.5
AIMS
In these periods, our target must be accomplished to: a) Learn more about design and fabrication of a product especially for multipurpose salted fish dryer. b) Must have confident and fully understanding about all the work or process (Fabricate process). c) Design and produce the suitable layout, process plan and production system for this machine. d) Apply all the knowledge, skill of machining (Drilling Machine, Grinding Machine, Conventional Milling Machine and CNC Milling Machine) in fabricating that we learn before this.
1.6
LIMITATION OF PROJECT
i. Product Limitation can produce many products in one process. One person can handle drying fish process. Easy to arrange and collect the fish. Our target for haruan fish only.
ii.
The product size -
real sizes
1.7
PROBLEMS STATEMENT
i. in rainy season, people cannot do fish drying process like usually. ii. Prevent the use of insect poison in salted fish drying process technology iii. Usually, the salted fish drying uses the unclean environment when organize this process, so with Multipurpose salted fish dryer can settle out this problem. iv. save time and work energy.
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 HISTORY OF SALTED FISH A hundred years ago, salted fish was an essential part of the Massachusetts economy. It gave rise to boat building for fishermen, ship building for trade and trade routes to the Caribbean Nowadays, the production of salted fish has moved north and is concentrated in the Canadian Maritimes. Fish is salted in order to preserve it for future consumption. The objective is to rapidly remove moisture while allowing the salt to uniformly penetrate the flesh of the fish. This process occurs through osmosis. Preservation is achieved by reducing the moisture content and it is enhanced by the high salt concentration in the flesh, which prevents the growth of bacteria. There are two methods of salting fish; the dry method and the brine method. In both, the fish is placed in a container in alternating layers of fish and salt. In the dry salting process, the moisture which seeps from the fish forming a brine is drained during processing. The resulting fish is fairly dry, and is usually dried further by natural or artificial means. In the brine method, the brine is left in continual contact with the flesh until it is fully cured. Prior to world war 11, groundfish was dried on flakes(long tables of wires mesh) in the sun. Although this method is still employed today, after 1945, modern fish dryers were installed in many fish plants, replacing the traditional methods. Dryers have several advantages. They leave the fishermen free to spend more time fishing and less time tending the fish during the curing and drying process. The dryers also ensure a more uniform product and supply, free from the vagaries of the weather to which sun-dried fish is subject. Increasing emphasis on fresh and frozen products after World War II. As well as the increase in home refrigerators, weakened the demand for salted fish products. However, since cured fish has its own special flavour that cannot be recreated in fresh fish, many consumers still buy salted fish for its unique flavour. Increasing emphasis on fresh and frozen products after World War, Salted fish (cod, pollock, hake, haddock, and cusk) is now available in retail stores either as fillets in small wooden boxes; as whole fish, fillets, or pieces in plastic bags; or in bulk as larger whole fillets or the traditional kite-shaped whole fish. The flavor of whole fish is considered superior by some purists but the convenience of the pre-packaged forms makes them much simpler to use. The whole fish takes longer to "freshen" and requires peeling the skin and removing bones. All salted fish products must be soaked out before cooking. The longer the soaking, the less salty the fish. Fillets and chunks can be soaked a minimum of 6-12 hours. Whole fish require at least 24
hours of soaking. Most recipes recommend changing the water four times over a 24 hour period. The salted fish will plump up after freshening. Freshened fish is still uncooked and, once re-hydrated, will spoil unless cooked promptly. Most recipes call for first poaching the freshened salt fish. Bring the poaching liquid to a boil, place the fish in the liquid after removing it from the heat, and allow the fish to stand in the liquid for 15 minutes. Bay leaf, celery, and thyme may be added to the poaching water for flavor. Never boil salted fish; it toughens the flesh. The fish can now be flaked, shredded or separated into chunks depending on the specifications of the final recipe. Soaked out salted fish can also be pan fried rather than poached for a different flavour. Traditionally, recipes call for salted codfish, however, pollock, hake, cusk, and haddock are offered salted and dried at lower cost. Demand for these fish is now quite strong as well.
2.2 GENERATE IDEA Now days, people live in an environment that quickly and they want to download the job done quickly and accurately due to lack of time. These people should be quick to push their environment to solve many tasks in everyday life. In the salted fish industry as well as work to be done more quickly and more efficiently. For example, to dry the fish in short time, From this scenario, came the idea to build a place called multipurpose salted fish dryer that will make life easier. As is known, is a system tool that has a human creation that will result in reducing human activity. So, research and produce ideas that come to. Much of the power source to search for existing engines in the industry today.
2.3 GATHERING INFORMATION Many research were been done in order to gets the better information regarding to the multipurpose salted fish dryer had existed in the market. The information that been collected not only concentrate in the internet but also the magazine, newspaper and personal interview through the lecturers and the technician. Supervisor and co-supervisor also influence a helps to get the information.
2.4 OBSERVATION From the video shown in the you tube, there are many problems that would occur if the original forging equipment. So, many changes and improvements in the drawings, sizes, materials, machine parts and the cost to write.
2.5 RESEARCH OUTCOME After we had done this project, we had concluded some possible research outcome: a) Can produce salt fish product which use air drying system and which not use sunshine when in rainy season.
b) Can make a product which can helps people surrounding in order to improve the process to make salted fish.
c) To produce a mechanical process system in addition to contribute other system in our product namely electrical system and ventilation system.
d) We had determined the problems when design this product and in order to improve the product designation we had regenerate new ideas to reconstruct our product until it is satisfied on customer needs and to produce an esthetics garden product.
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT In mechanical design and development the most concern part is the mechanical design process which is the use of sketching, mock-up, real design, and enhance the designation of the product with determine the problems regarding mechanical design process until we get the prototype. Each parts of the process must be considered in terms of timing, costs, and specifications of each parts of the product. So, to achieve and carry out the task to build up this Multipurpose salted fish dryer in the given specific time and also to achieve the objective of this project, various plan had be done.
3.2 PROJECT PLANNING Project planning is one of the most and the earliest steps that must be do in the production process. The project planning goals are: y y y Work can be defined with a specific goal and deadline Work can process on smooth line Can reduce many thing and the most important is cost and budget.
3.2.1 FLOW CHART Flow chart is one of 7 Basic Quality Control Tools. It is a diagram that visually shows how the steps that must be through before achieve the end. Each steps that been shown in the flow chart must be consider in order to get the proper steps to guide all the process to finish up the products. In this project the flow chart had be dividing into two parts which are flow chart and process flow chart.
3.2.2 FLOW CHART DESCRIPTION BRAINSTORMING Brainstorming is the most important parts in order to produce one product. It always is being done in earlier stage. In this stage, team members and supervisor are sat together and gain new ideas, designs, process and to improve unrecovered problems. In this process, we had gain many news idea such as: y y y y y Automatic television cabinet. Tin compressed. Tricycle. Oil palm carriage Multipurpose salted fish dryer.
We had decided to choose multipurpose salted fish dryer to be the main idea for FYP project. For this project we had choose many type fish which better to be a main focus. The fish which we choose is Haruan fish because this fish expensive when be salted fish. This fish also many people like to eat and buy, so easy to sale this fish when be salted fish. This fish also can heal of internal wounds to women who have recently given birth and patients who have undergone surgery.
DESIGN PRODUCT 2nd steps is design the product, because this products is not a new product to be design, so it just an adjustment or innovation to make it much easy to be produce on. To complete the design, PRO-ENGINEER WILDFIRE 4.0 is being use. Why PRO-ENGINEER WILDFIRE 4.0 is use because it is one of the popular CAD Software that being teach in UNIKL MSI and also easy to be use. PRODUCE PROCESS PLAN Next is produce process plan, as production students, a necessary to plan the easy and complete plan in order to smooth the product process. One of the process plans is Flow chart. FABRICATE PARTS To fabricate parts, most all the machines in UNIKL MSI are being use. The drawing and the process flow are being following up to reduce time and energy. ASSEMBLY PARTS After all the parts being produce, the last is to assembly it. To assembly it, all the necessary ideas are being considers to get proper products. Not only that, in assembly parts also troubleshooting is been do.
FLOW CHART
BRAINSTORMING START
DESIGN PRODUCT (Using Pro-E)
PRODUCE PROCESS PLAN
FABRICATE PARTS (Base on the process plan)
NO
Dimensions Check
YES
ASSEMBLY PARTS
NO
Testing/ result
YES
PRODUCT END
3.2.3 PROCESS FLOW CHART DESCRIPTION

Process flow is telling the process that we consider completing this project. All the process is related to connect to the MDD elements. 1st: DESIGN PRODUCT Same as the flow chart above, design the product, because this products is not a new product to be design, so it just an adjustment or innovation to make it much easy to be produce on. To complete the design, PRO-ENGINEER WILDFIRE 4.0 is being use. In the design or drawing, it is necessary to have Assembly Drawing with description and Explode Drawing. 2nd: PROCESS PLAN In the process plan, work breakdown structure is being created to simplify the work. Data collection being created too, data collection is the one of the tool that being use to collect the actual time of fabrication and assembly process. 3rd; DATA COLLECTION Fabricate part base on plan and actual time 4th; ANALYZE DATA After data have been collect, critical path is being created to analyze the problem of each process that occurs when fabrication process had done. 5th; SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATION Facility layouts have been creating to recommend the layout of each process when doing the fabrication. 6th; ASSEMBLY ALL THE FABRICATE PARTS After all the parts being produce, the last is to assembly it. To assembly it, all the necessary ideas are being considers to get proper products. Not only that, in assembly parts also troubleshooting is been do. 7th; CONTROL ALL THE PROCESS Control the process using Data Collection, Gantt chart
8th; PRODUCTION DOCUMENT Production document is necessary thing that must be put on to ensure all the information is complete. Drawing, detail drawing, assembly chart and wiring diagram are example of production document. 9th; RECOMMANDED LAYOUT. Last but not least is recommended layout. In order to generate a better process next time and one of the way to solve the problem that appear when the product do.
PROCESS FLOW CHART
START
DESIGN PRODUCTS (By using Pro-Engineer) (Do the explode & assembly)
STUDY PROCESS (Study the related and suitable process and method can be use to fabricate and produce product)
CREATE PROCESS PLANNING (After knowing all the process that need to be done, creating process planning such as Data Collection, Process Schedule, Activity List, Task Distribution, Work Breakdown Schedule.
PURCHASE THE MATERIALS (Purchase the necessary materials according to the quotation that been submit and Bill of Materials (BOM))
FABRICATE AND MACHINING PROCESS (Fabricate the parts according to the process planning.
ASSEMBLY ALL THE FABRICATE PARTS (According to the process planning)
PRODUCTION DOCUMENT (Such as Assembly Line, WBS, MRP and Mass Customization)
CONTROL ALL THE PROCESS (Control the process using Data Collection, Gantt chart)
RECOMMANDED LAYOUT (Facilities Layout)
END
3.2.4 BILL OF MATERIALS

Besides that, in order to planning a project, bill of materials is needed. Bill of materials is a listing of quantities of components, ingredients and materials required to make a product. Individual drawings describe not only physical dimensions but also any special processing as well as the raw material from which each part is made. One way a bill of material defines a product is by providing a product structure. In this Multipurpose salted fish dryer, Bill of Materials (BOM) is need to know listing of materials that to be fabricate and the raw materials that need to buy. By using BOM, automatically, the needed information can be known. Bill of Materials is being divided into two parts which are structure BOM and Description BOM.
3.2.5 DESCRIPTION AND BUDGET PLANING

Mechanical system parts No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 Item Thermometer Thermostat hex cap screw hex bolt Bamboo Aluminium sheets spray paint Roller Tyre Mirror specification Temperature sensor Diameter 10 Quantity 1 1 12 8 3 4 1 Price (RM) 65.00 55.00 20.00 7.00 50.00 10.00 20.00 60.00 total 65.00 55.00 20.00 84.00 400.00 30.00 80.00 60.00 RM 794 Electrical system parts No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Item Dryer heating element Heat sink fan Air blower Electric wire conductor with plastics insulator Socket plug Connector (Clipsal White Plastic Moulded) Plug top 13A Specification Quantity 1 2 1 Price (RM) 400.00 150.00 60.00 1.50 7.00 10.00 Total 400.00 300.00 60,00 4.50 7.00 10.00
3 meter 1 1
3.50
7.00 RM 788.50
3.2.6 TASK DISTRIBUTION

Task distribution also one of tools that be used to do project planning. It is because task distribution will state all the work that need to be done by each of person. From that, all Topics Design Process plan Data collection Machining base on process Assembly Wiring Analytical research Material and metrology Results and discussion x Amsyar x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Haraki Saffuan
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
conclusion the person will know the given task to them.
Table 2
3.3 PROJECT SCHEDULING Project scheduling involves sequencing and allotting time to all project activities. At this stage, managers decide how long each activity will take and compute how many people and materials will be needed at stage of production.
3.3.1 GANTT CHARTS Gantt chart is the most commonly use tools in the project scheduling. It is one popular project scheduling approach. Basically, Gantt chart is planning charts used to schedule resources and allocate time. It helps to y y y y All activities are planned for Their order of performance is accounted for The activity time estimates are recorded The overall project time is developing.
In this project scheduling, Gantt chart is being divided into two parts which are estimate time and actual time. The reason is because to show the differences time when two different fabricators do the same product. The estimate time is being plan by our supervisor, En Mohd Nurhidayat bin Zaheelem , through his experience.

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FINAL YEAR PROJECT (1) 2011 MECHANICAL DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT