PROBLEM 1 (25 points) A block of mass m = 10 kg is attached to the free end of a massless spring (k = 70 N/m) that has its

equilibrium length, as shown in the figure. A horizontal force FP = 200 N is applied to the block which is initially at rest. The force FP pushes the block 2.0 m up along the rough incline with k = 0.10 and = 37. (g = 10 m/s2, sin 37 = 0.60, cos 37 = 0.80) (a) (10 pts) During the 2.0-m displacement, find the work done on the block by: (i) the force FP, (ii) the gravitational force, (iii) the normal force, (iv) friction force, and (v) the spring force.

k FP g

! (i) W P = work done by FP ! ! W P = FP " d = FP d cos 37 = (200 N)(2.0 m)(0.80) !

W P = 320 J

! (iv) W fr = work done by friction force Ffr ! ! W fr = Ffr " d = Ffr d cos180 = # k FN d

FN = (mg cos 37 + FP sin 37) = 80 N + 120 N = 200 N ! ! (ii) W G = work done by force of gravity mg W fr = "(0.10)(200 N)(2.0 m) ---> W fr = "40 J ! ! ! ! W G = mg " d = mgd cos(90 + 37) = (10 kg)(10 m/s 2 )(#0.60) (v) WS = work done by spring force FS = "kx ! ! d 1 1 W G = "120 J WS = " # kxdx = " kd 2 = " (70 N/m)(2.0 m) 2 !2 ! ! 2 ! 0 (iii) W N = work done by normal force FN WS = "140 J ! ! ! ! W N = FN " d = FN d cos 90 ---> W N = 0 ! ! ! ! ! !
(b) (5 pts) Using energy method, find the speed of the block after the 2.0-m displacement.

W net = "K = K # K 0 =

v=
!

2W net = m

1 mv 2 # 0 2 2(W P + W G + W N + W fr + WS ) m !

v=

2(20 J) 10 kg

--->

v = 2.0 m/s

!
(c) (5 pts) Find the change in the internal energy of the block-spring-incline system during the 2.0-m displacement.

"Einternal = #W fr "Einternal = #(#40 J) ---> ! ! ! "Einternal = 40 J

(d) (5 pts) Find the power delivered to the 10-kg block by FP at the moment the block has been displaced 2.0 m.

! ! P = F " v = Fv cos #
where F = FP = 200 N, v = 2.0 m/s, and " = 37

P = ( 200 N)( 2.0 m/s)( 0.80)

P = 320 W
!

!
!

Phys 105 Second Midterm Examination

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Saturday, 10-December-2011

PROBLEM 2 (25 points) Consider the track shown in the figure. The section PQ is a quarter-circle of radius r and is frictionless. The horizontal section QR has a length L with a coefficient of kinetic friction k. The section RS under the spring is P A m frictionless. Block A of mass m is released from rest at P. After sliding on the circular section it collides elastically with block B of mass 3m at rest at Q. After the collision block B slides on the track and it compresses the spring by a distance x. Treat each block as a particle. Express your answers in terms of some or all of the given quantities and related constants as needed.
g

r 3m B Q L k R k

! (a) (5 pts) Using energy method, find v A , the velocity of block A just before it collides with block B. Express your answer in

terms of unit vectors.

! No friction and only gravitational force mg does work. So,

KP + UP = KQ + UQ

K P = 0, U P = mgr, K Q = mgr = 1 2 mv A 2

1 2 mv A , choose U Q = 0 2 " ! ---> v A = 2gr ---> v A = 2gr i

()

! ! (b) (5 pts) Find v"B , the velocity of block B just after the collision. Express your answer in terms of unit vectors. ! ! ! ! v A = v"B # v A + 3v"B ---> 2v A = 4 v"B Elastic head-on collision ---> Relative velocities: # gr &" ! 2gr v A ! v B = "(v#A " v#B ) where v B = 0 ---> v"A = v"B # v A " 2v v gr ---> v"B = % v"B = A = A = = % 2 (i ( 4 2 2 2 $ ' Elastic head-on collision ---> Conservation of momentum: ! ! mv A = mv"A + 3mv"B ---> v A = v"A + 3v"B ! ! !
(c) (5 pts) Find the change in the mechanical energy of block B as it slides from Q to R. ! !

"E = "K + "U ---> where "U = 0 and "K = W net = W fr ! ! W fr = Ffr " d = Ffr d cos180 = #Ffr d = # k FN L = # k 3mgL !
!
! ! (d) (5 pts) Find the speed of block B just before it starts to compress the spring at R.
Work-energy principle: W net = "K

"E = # k 3mgL

W net = W fr = "K = K R # K Q 1 1 2 2 "3 k mgL = 3mv R " 3mv Q ! 2 2 2 2 !" k gL = 1 v R " 1 v Q where v Q = v"B = 2 2 !

1 2 gr vR " 2 4 #r & gr 2 vR = " 2 k gL = g% " 2 k L ( $2 ' 2 " k gL =

gr 2

#r & v R = g% " 2 k L ( $2 '

!
!

(e) (5 pts) Find the stiffness constant k of the spring. ! ! No friction and only spring force does work. So,

Kf + Uf = Ki + Ui 1 1 2 where K f = 0, U f = kx 2 , K i = 3mv R , U i = 0 2 2 2 3mv R 1 1 2 ! kx 2 = 3mv R ---> k = 2 2 2 x

#r & 2 From part (d) above: v R = g% " 2 k L ( $2 ' & 3mg # r k = 2 % " 2 k L ( ' x $2 ! !

! Phys 105 Second Midterm Examination !

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Saturday, 10-December-2011

PROBLEM 3 (25 points) A gun is fixed to the bottom end of a frictionless triangular block (of inclination angle ) which itself is pinned to a horizontal table. There is a wooden block of mass m which is kept initially at rest, at a height h from the surface of the table. A bullet of mass mB and ! velocity v B leaves the gun in a direction parallel to the incline, impacts the wooden block and becomes embedded. Just before the impact the wooden block is released free from rest. Express your ! answers in terms of some or all of the given quantities and related constants as needed. (a) (10 pts) Find the maximum height hmax from the surface of the table the block+bullet system will reach. Momentum is conserved: momentum before = momentum after mB vB mB v B = ( m B + m) v ---> v = mB + m Total mechanical energy is conserved: K1 + U1 = K 2 + U 2
g

Gun

mB

Wooden block ! vB m h

!
Pins

hmax
!

1 2 v + gh = 0 + ghmax 2 2 1 2 1 (" mB % + = v +h= *$ 'v B - + h 2 2g )# mB + m & ,

hmax =
2 1 mB v2 + h 2 B 2g ( m B + m)

! Take U = 0 on the surface of the table. ! 1 ( mB + m) v 2 + ( mB + m) gh = 0 + ( mB + m) ghmax ! 2

!
!

(b) (5 pts) Find the work done by gravity on the wooden block+bullet system as it reaches to hmax after the instant of impact. Work done by gravity: W G = "#U = #K 1 W G = K 2 " K1 = 0 " ( mB + m) v 2 2

# m &2 1 B W G = " ( m B + m) % vB ( 2 $ mB + m '

WG = "
2 1 mB 2 vB 2 ( m B + m)

!
!

(c) (10 pts) Suppose that the pins fixing the triangular block and the wooden block of mass m are removed. The triangular block becomes free to slide horizontally on the table with no friction. If the gun is fired, find the speed of the gun+triangular block system just after the bullet leaves the gun. Assume that the gun+triangular block system has a total mass mS. Momentum is conserved in x direction: ! ! ! Pinitial,x = Pfinal,x where Pinitial,x = 0 ! ! Pfinal,x = mB v B cos " + mS v S = 0 i

()

! m v S = " B v B cos # i mS ! m vS = v S = B v B cos " (speed) mS

()

!
!

!
!

Phys 105 Second Midterm Examination

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Saturday, 10-December-2011

PROBLEM 4 (25 points) A meteorite of mass m has a speed vi when it is a distance H above the Earth's surface. It is falling vertically toward the north pole. It strikes a thick layer of ice in which it is brought to rest after moving a distance d. Express your answers in terms of some or all of the given quantities and related constants as needed. The Earth has mass mE and radius rE. (a) (8 pts) Using conservation of mechanical energy, find the speed of the meteorite just before it strikes the ice. Assume no air resistance. No air resistance and only gravitational force mg does work; so, mechanical energy is conserved.

Meteorite vi Earth N mE

m H

rE S

1 2 1 2 Gm E Gm E 1 Gm E (rE + H " rE ) vf = vi + " = v i2 + 2 2 rE rE + H 2 rE (rE + H ) 1 2 1 2 Gm E H vf = vi + ---> 2 2 rE (rE + H )

v f = v i2 + 2Gm E H rE (rE + H )

K1 + U1 = K 2 + U 2 1 Gm E m 1 Gm E m mv i2 " = mv f2 " 2 rE + H 2 rE 1 2 Gm E 1 2 Gm E ! vi " = vf " 2 rE + H 2 rE

! !
!

! ! (b) (6 pts) Find the work done on the meteorite by the ice to stop it.
Work-energy principle: W net = "K

W net = "K = K 2 # K1 = 0 #
! W net = W G + W ice

1 1 $ 2Gm E H ' mv f2 = # m& v i2 + ) 2 2 % rE (rE + H ) ( 1 ---> W ice = W net " W G = " mv f2 " mgd 2

W ice = "

1 # 2 2Gm E H & m% v i + ( " mgd 2 $ rE (rE + H ) '

!
!
(c) (5 pts) Find the average force (magnitude and direction) exerted on the meteorite by the ice. ! ! ! m " 2 2Gm E H % W ice = Favg " d = Favg d cos180 = #Favg d Favg = $v i + ' + mg 2d # rE (rE + H ) & , W ice 1) 1 # 2 2Gm E H & Favg = " = " +" m% v i + ( " mgd . d d* 2 $ rE (rE + H ) ' Favg is upward, in +y direction ! !

! (d) (6 pts) Assume that the meteorite explodes into two pieces when it is at a height h (h << rE) above the north pole while
falling with speed v. Find the position of the CM of the two meteorite pieces after the explosion as a function of time t. Take the origin at the north pole. Since h << rE , the meteorite moves with constant acceleration g downward. Momentum is conserved during the explosion.

Pi = Pf ---> mv = mv CM ---> v = v CM ! !

1 ay t 2 2 where y = y CM , y 0 = h, v y0 = v, a y = "g 1 y CM = h " vt " gt 2 ! 2 y = y 0 + v y0 t +

!
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Phys 105 Second Midterm Examination

Saturday, 10-December-2011