Select Operation (σ):
1.
σsubject = "database"(Books)
SELECT * FROM books WHERE subject = 'database';
2.
σsubject = "database" and price = "450"(Books)
SELECT * FROM books WHERE subject = 'database' AND price= 450;
3.
σ subject = "database" and price = "450" or year > "2010"(Books)
SELECT * FROM books WHERE (subject = 'database' AND price= 450) OR
publication_year > 2010;
Project Operation (Π):
1.
Πsubject, author (Books)
SELECT subject, author FROM Books;
Union Operation (U):
Π author(Books) 𝖴 Π author(Articles)
SELECT author FROM books
UNION
SELECT author FROM articles;
Intersection Operation (∩):
Π author(Books) ∩ Π author(Articles)
SELECT author FROM books
Dr. P. Sammulal, Professor of CSE, JNTUH
INTERSECT
SELECT author FROM articles;
Set Difference (−):
Π author (Books) − Π author (Articles)
SELECT author FROM books
EXCEPT
SELECT author FROM articles;
Cartesian Product (Χ):
rΧs
SELECT emp.eno, emp1.ename FROM emp, emp1
(Q1) Find the names of sailors who have reserved boat 103.
SELECT S.sname
FROM Sailors S, Reserves R
WHERE S.sid = R.sid and R.bid=103
-- or nested
SELECT S.sname FROM Sailors S WHERE S.sid IN(SELECT R.sid
FROM Reserves R WHERE R.bid = 103 )
(Q2) Find the names of sailors who have reserved a red boat.
SELECT S.sname FROM Sailors S, Boats B, Reserves R WHERE B.color='red'
AND B.bid=R.bid AND S.sid = R.sid
Dr. P. Sammulal, Professor of CSE, JNTUH
-- or nested
SELECT S.sname FROM Sailors S WHERE S.sid IN ( SELECT R.sid
FROM Reserves R WHERE R.bid IN(SELECT B.bid
FROM Boats B WHERE B.color = ‘red’ )
(Q3) Find the colors of boats reserved by Lubber.
SELECT B.color FROM Sailors S, Reserves R, Boats B
WHERE S.sname='Lubber' AND S.sid=R.sid AND R.bid = B.bid
(Q4) Find the names of sailors who have reserved at least one boat.
SELECT S.sname FROM Sailors S, Reserves R WHERE S.sid = R.sid
(Q5) Find the names of sailors who have reserved a red or a green boat.
SELECT S.sname FROM Sailors S, Reserves R, Boats B WHERE S.sid = R.sid
AND R.bid = B.bid AND (B.color = ‘red’ OR B.color = ‘green’)
-- or
SELECT S.sname FROM Sailors S, Reserves R, Boats B WHERE S.sid = R.sid
AND R.bid = B.bid AND B.color = ‘red’
UNION
SELECT S2.sname FROM Sailors S2, Boats B2, Reserves R2
WHERE S2.sid = R2.sid AND R2.bid = B2.bid AND B2.color = ‘green’
(Q6) Find the names of sailors who have reserved a red and a green boat.
Dr. P. Sammulal, Professor of CSE, JNTUH
SELECT S.sname
FROM Sailors S, Reserves R1, Boats B1, Reserves R2, Boats B2
WHERE S.sid = R1.sid
AND R1.bid = B1.bid
AND S.sid = R2.sid
AND R2.bid = B2.bid
AND B1.color=‘red’
AND B2.color = ‘green’
-- or
SELECT S.sname
FROM Sailors S, Reserves R, Boats B
WHERE S.sid = R.sid AND R.bid = B.bid AND B.color = ‘red’
INTERSECT
SELECT S2.sname
FROM Sailors S2, Boats B2, Reserves R2
WHERE S2.sid = R2.sid AND R2.bid = B2.bid AND B2.color = ‘green’
(Q7) Find the names of sailors who have reserved at least two boats.
SELECT S.sname
FROM Sailors S, Reserves R, Sailors S2, Reserves R2
WHERE S.sid = R.sid
and S2.sid = R2.sid
and S.sid = S2.sid
and R.bid != R2.bid
Dr. P. Sammulal, Professor of CSE, JNTUH
(Q8) Find the sids of sailors with age over 20 who have not reserved a red boat.
SELECT S.sname FROM Sailors S, Reserves R, Boats B
WHERE B.color != 'red' and B.bid = R.bid and S.sid = R.sid and S.sid > 20
9. Find the names of sailors who have reserved all boats.
SELECT S.sailor_name FROM Sailors S WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT *
FROM Boats B WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Reserves R
WHERE R.sailor_id = S.sailor_id AND R.boat_id = B.boat_id
)
);
10. Find the names of sailors who have reserved all boats called Interlake.
SELECT S.sailor_name FROM Sailors S
JOIN Reserves R ON S.sailor_id = R.sailor_id
JOIN Boats B ON R.boat_id = B.boat_id
WHERE B.boat_name = 'Interlake'
GROUP BY S.sailor_id, S.sailor_name
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT B.boat_id) = (SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM Boats WHERE boat_name = 'Interlake');
Dr. P. Sammulal, Professor of CSE, JNTUH
