7. DISASTER AND DISASTER _MANAGEMENT_ Q. 1 (A) Fill in the blanks with correct alternatives from those given below.

*1. The rise in population has forced the people to live in ...........areas, (d isaster-prone, war-prone, terrorist) 2. The threat from .............. sources are creating the hurdles in disaster management. (natural, biomedical, atomic and nuclear) 3. At present the entire world is facing............... crisis. (financial, atomic energy, environmental) 4. The disaster mitigation should be regarded as one of the tools for...... .......... the crisis. (forecasting, preventing, rescuing) *5. Disaster means a sudden or great............... (prevention, effect, calamity) *6. Pre-disaster management activities are known as disaster................. (planning, preparedness, evaluation) 7. Construction of dams is the best way to prevent............. (flood, cyclone, earthquake) 8. Preventive measures are ............. and their results are far less than expectations. (dangerous, expensive, response) 9.................offers the best and the most cost effective method for dealing with disasters. (Mitigation, Forecasting, Preparedness) 10. Identifying the high risk prone areas is known as ............. (risk-ma pping, mitigation, forecasting) 11. Risk mapping is normally assigned to ................ organisations. (private, governmental, joint) 12. The ability of the local people to cope with disaster can be achieved by ........... programs. (mass literacy, evaluation, training) 13. The last step in preparedness is ................ (financing, mapping, training) 14................ department plays a very significant role in disaster forecasting. (Zoological, Meteorological, Astrological) * 15. The last factor of disaster management cycle is............. (response, recovery, development) *16. Post-disaster management activities are known as disaster............. (pre vention, calamity, response) Q.l (B) Match the following : (I) Group A' Group B' 1. Pre-disaster a. Response 2. Mitigation b. Preparedness 3. Post-disaster c. Public education Ans : (1 - b), (2 - c), (3 - a ) (II) Group 'A' Group B' 1. Mitigation a. Construction of dams 2. Prevention b. Recovery 3. Preparedness c. Relocation of people 4. Fore casting d. Meteorological department e. Risk mapping Ans : (1 - c), (2 - a), (3 - e), (4 - d) Q. 1 (C) State whether the following statements are True or False : *1. Disaster is a new concept. Ans. False. 2. Bhopal tragedy occurred in the year 1988. Ans. False. 3. The threat from atomic and nuclear sources are creating the hurdles in d isaster management. Ans. True. *4. Tsunami waves disaster occurred on 26th November, 2004. Ans. False.

5. Pre-disaster management activities are known as disaster response. Ans. False. *6. Mitigation offers the best and the most cost effective method. Ans. True. 7. Risk mapping is the second step in reducing physical vulnerability. Ans. False. 8. The second step in reducing economic vulnerability is to provide energy facilities, transportation networks and road systems. Ans. True. 9. Strengthening of social structure of community is very difficult measures of mitigation. Ans. True. *10. The objective of pre-disaster management is to protect lives and property. Ans. True. *11. Disaster management cycle consists of seven factors. Ans. True. 12. Disaster forecasting is an important aspect of post-disaster management acti vity. Ans. False. Q.2 Explain the following terms : 1. Disaster : Disaster is an occurrence arising with little or not warning which causes or threatens serious disruption of life and requires, therefore, a mobil isation of effort in excess of that normally provided by the statutory emergency services, e.g., Tsunami Waves Crisis of 26th December, 2004. *2. Disaster management. OR Give definition of disaster management: Disaster man agement means immediate rescue, relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction measur es adopted for affected people. Q.3 Distinguish between : 1. Pre-disaster activities and Post-disaster activitie s. Pre-disaster activities Post-disaster activities 1. The activities under- 1. The activities undertaken taken before the ou t immediatley after the break of disaster is called outbreak of disa ster is pre-disaster activities. called post-disaster activities. 2. Pre-disaster activities 2. Post-disaster activities are known as disaste r are known as disaster preparedness. response. 3. Pre-disaster activities 3. Post-disaster activities included disaster pr einclude measures to vention, disaster mitiga- mitigate sensitivity or tion, disaster preparedseverity of disaster and ness and disaster forepreventive measures to casting. avoid disasters in future. Q.4 Answer the following in one sentence : 1. Which is one of the factors which has forced the people to live in disas ter prone areas? Ans. The rise in population is one of the factors which has forced the people to live in disaster prone areas. 2. Hazardous materials also cause disaster. Give one example for it? Ans. Bhopal tragedy occurred in 1984 is one of the severe disasters caused due t o the leakage of poisonous gas methyl isocynate. *3. What is the meaning of disaster? Ans. Disaster means a sudden or great misfortune or a calamity (The Concise Oxfo rd Dictionary) OR Disaster is a grave occurrence having ruinous results. (The Webster's Dictionary .) 4. State one example for disaster prevention. Ans. Construction of dams for prevention from flood is the best example of disas ter prevention. 5. State the factors included in disaster mitigation. Ans. The factors included in disaster mitigation are public education, initiation of housing improvement programs and relocation of people f rom vulnerable to safe sites. *6. Which is the first step in reducing physical vulnerability?

Ans. The first step in reducing physical vulnerability is to identify the high r isk areas known as risk mapping. Eg. An earthquake prone area. 7. Which is the second step in reducing physical vulnerability? Ans. The second step in reducing physical vulnerability is to identify those are as that are susceptible to damage or destruction. 8. Which is the first step in reducing economic vulnerability? Ans. The first step in reducing economic vulnerability is to identify those elem ents which are economically vulnerable such as people below poverty line, flood and famine affected people etc. 9. What can reduce the social impact of a disaster? Ans. Promotion of co-operation by local organisations among the different groups can reduce the social impact of a disaster. *10. Whioh factors can improve the ability of local people in disaster mitigation? Ans. The ability of the local people in the disas ter mitigation can be improved by increasing self-sufficiency and reliance on in ternal resources. 11. Which department plays a significant role in disaster fore casting? Ans. Meteorological department plays a significant role in disaster forecasting. Q.5 Answer the following in 2 to 3 sentences ; 1. What are the new types of disasters have emerged after the world war II? Ans. 1. The new types of disasters that have emerged after the world war II are social violence, hijacking, terrorism and civil unrest. 2. Some of the hazardous chemicals given out from factories are also a chal lenging threats. Eg. Bhopal tragedy occurred in 1984. 3. Another threat is from atomic and nuclear resources. 2. What are the two types of disaster management activities? Ans. The two types of disaster management activities are : 1) Pre-disaster activ ities and 2) Post-disaster activities. *3. What are the functions of pre-disaste r management? Ans. The functions of pre-disaster management are : 1. Disaster prevention 2. Disaster mitigation 3. Disaster preparedness and 4. Disaster forecasting. 4. State the objectives of disaster preparedness. Ans. The objectives of di saster preparedness are : 1) to protect lives and property from an immediate threat and 2) to promote rapi d action after a disaster. 5. Which are the main factors of disaster management cycles? OR State the factors of disaster management cycles with the help of a diagram. Ans. The following are the main factors of disaster management cycle : 1) Prevention 2) Mitigation 3) Preparedness 4) Disaster impact 5) Response 6) Re covery and 7) Development. OR The factors of disaster management are arranged in a sequence as shown below. 01. Prevention 2. Mitigation 3. Preparedness 4. Disaster Impact 5. Response 6. Recovery 7. Development 6. What are the functions of post-disaster management? Ans. The functions of post-disaster management are : 1. Measures to mitigate sensitivity or severity of disaster and 2. Preventive measures to avoid disaster in future. Q.6 Write short notes on : 1. Reducing economic vulnerability. Ans. It includes the same pattern as that of reducing physical vulnerability. 1. The first step is to identify those elements which are economically vuln erable such as people below poverty line, flood and famine affected people etc.

2. The second step is to provide energy facilities transportation networks and road systems. This step shall help the people to move from disaster affected areas to safe places. 3. The third step includes economic protection in terms of employment guara ntee, flood security,' minimum subsistence income to disaster affected people. 2. Disaster forecasting. Ans. 1. It is an important aspect of pre-disaster management activity. 2. The phenomenon of any disaster can be foretold to a certain extent by us ing modern scientific research and techniques. 3. The meteorological department plays a very significant role in this cont ext. Q.7 Answer the following in 5 or 6 sentences : *1. What are the types of disaster management activities? Ans. There are two major types of disaster management activities. They are : 1. Pre-disaster activities : Pre-disaster management activities are known a s disaster preparedness. These includes the following activities : (a) Disaster prevention : This activity reduces the direct effects of disast er. Eg : Construction of dams to prevent floods. (b) Disaster mitigation : Mitigation offers the best and the most cost effec tive method for dealing with disaster. It includes public education, initiation of housing improvement programs, relocation of people from vulnerable to safe si tes. (c) Disaster preparedness : It includes identifying and mapping risk-prone a reas, identifying vulnerable settlements, deciding priorities, training the peop le etc. (d) Disaster forecasting : The occurence of disaster can be predicted by usi ng modern scientific research and techniques with the help of meteorological dep artment. 2. _ Post-disaster activities : It is known as disaster response. It include the following : 1) Measures to mitigate sensitivity or seve rity of disaster. 2) Measures to avoid disasters in future. 3) Relief and rehabi litation. *2. Explain disaster prevention? Ans. 1. Disaster prevention is one of the activity involved in pre-disaster mana gement activities. 2. This activity reduces the direct effects of disaster. 3. Eg. constructing dams is the best example to prevent floods. 4. It is said that preventive measures are expensive and their results are far less than expectations. i.e. the preventive measure of disasters are always very costly but their result s are not up to the expectations. 5. In recent times the emphasis has been shifted from prevention to mitigation. *3. What are the steps involved in reducing physical vulnerability? Ans. 1. The first step is to identify the high risk areas, i.e., an earthquake p rone area. This is known as risk-mapping. The risk mapping is normally assigned to governmental organisations. 2. The second step is to identify those areas that are susceptible to damag e or destruction. 3. The third step is the selection of the vulnerability reduction strategy. This requires the determination of site strategy, such as embankment to protect from flooding, restricted development in costal areas, etc. *4. How social structure of the community be strengthened? Ans. 1. This is very difficult measure of mitigation. The local organisations pr omote co-operation among different groups. Such co-operation can reduce the soci al impact of a disaster. 2. The ability of the local people to cope with disaster can be improved by increasing self-sufficiency and reliance on internal resources. This can be ach

ieved through mass literacy programme, spread of education, peoples education pr ogramme etc. 3. These programs may increase peoples awareness, a sense of social respons ibility and unity in society. *5. What are the steps involved in disaster preparedness? Ans. The steps involved in disaster preparedness are : 1. The risk-prone areas are identified and mapped. 2. The vulnerable settlements are identified. 3. The possible responses in the event of disaster are examined. 4. The priorities are decided. 5 The last step in preparedness is training.