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Grade 9 Assignment Register

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

19 views126 pages

Grade 9 Assignment Register

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amnaakmal070

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Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

A

ASSIGNMENT FOR GRADE-9

NAME…………………………………………………

GRADE………………………………………………..

SECTION…………………………………….……….

Page 1 of 126
INDEX
FIRST TERM
S.No. Date Topic Page Number Teacher Coordinator Remarks
Signature Signature
1 ACIDS, ALKALIS 4-15
AND SALTS
2 RATES OF 19-31
REACTION
3 CHEMICAL 32- 38
EQUILIQUILIBRIUM

SECOND TERM
S.No. Date Topic Page Number Teacher Coordinator Remarks
Signature Signature
4 REACTIVITY 40-56
SERIES
5 ELECTROLYSIS 57-64

6 EXTRACTION OF 65-72
METALS

THIRD TERM
S.No. Date Topic Page Number Teacher Coordinator Remarks
Signature Signature
7 HALOGENS 74-82

8 TEST FOR IONS 83-97

AND GASES
9 ENERGETICS 97-125

10 PERIODIC TABLE 126

Page 2 of 126
FIRST TERM

Page 3 of 126
ACIDS, ALKALIS AND SALTS
Q1. Define an acid?

Q2. Define a base?

Q3. Define an alkali?

Q4. What is neutralisation?

Q5. Complete the following table

Substance pH Acid or Litmus Methyl Phenolphthalein Universal

Base indicator Orange indicator
(color)
Black 5
coffee
Milk of 10
magnesia
Battery 0
acid
Sea water 8

Orange 3
juice
Liquid 14
drain
cleaner

Page 4 of 126
Q6. Define the term spectator ion?

Q7. Complete the equations.

Reaction of Acids with Metals:

Metals + Acid →Salt + Hydrogen

1. Calcium + Hydrochloric acid →__ +_

2. Lithium + Sulfuric acid → ______ + _

3. Lead + Nitric acid → _________ + _

4. Iron + _ → Iron Chloride + ______________

5. Tin +___________________ → Tin nitrate + Hydrogen

Chemical Equation:

1. Mg + ____________ → MgSO4 + H2

2. Ca +2HCl → + H2

3. Mg + ____________ → MgSO4 + H2

4. Fe + ____________ → Fe (NO3)3 + H2

5. K + H2SO4 →____ +

Reaction of Acids with Metal oxides:

Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water

1. Sodium oxide + Nitric acid → ______ + _

2. Copper oxide + Hydrochloric acid → ____________________ + Water

3. Zinc oxide + __→ Zinc sulfate+ _

4. Barium oxide + Phosphoric acid → ______ + _

5. Magnesium oxide + Carbonic acid → ______ + _

Page 5 of 126
Chemical Equation:

1. CuO +2HNO3 → ________________ + H2O

2. Al2O3 +____________→ AlCl3 + H2O

3. FeO + H2SO4 → __ + _

4. MgO +H2CO3 → ________________ + H2O

5. CuO +H3PO4 → ________________ + H2O

Reaction of Acids with Metal carbonates:

Metal carbonate + Acid →Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water

1. Lithium carbonate + Nitric acid → __________ + _ + _____

2. Strontium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid → __ + Water +

3. Zinc carbonate + __________→ Zinc sulfate+ _+________________

4. Sodium carbonate + Phosphoric acid → __ + _+ water

5. Magnesium carbonate + Carbonic acid → ___________ + _ + _

Chemical Equation:

1. CuCO3 +2HNO3 → __ + + H2O

2. K2CO3 +→ KCl + H2O + ____

3. FeCO3 + H2SO4 → ________________ +CO2 + H2O

4. MgCO3 +H2CO3 → + H2O+

5. BaCO3 +H3PO4 → ________________ + H2O+ CO2

Reaction of Acids with Alkalis (Hydroxides):

Alkali + Acid →Salt + Water

1. Potassium hydroxide+ Nitric acid → ____ + _

2. Magnesium hydroxide+ _ → Magnesium chloride+ _

3. Aluminium hydroxide+ Sulfuric acid → ________________________ + water

Page 6 of 126
4. Calcium hydroxide+ Nitric acid → __________________ + _______________

5. Lead hydroxide + Carbonic acid → _________________ + water

Chemical Equation:

1. Cu(OH)2 +2HNO3 → ________________ + H2O

2. KOH+____________→ KCl + H2O

3. Fe(OH)3 + H2SO4 → ________________ + H2O

4. Mg(OH)2 +H2CO3 → +

5. LiOH +H3PO4 → + __

Q8. Answer the following questions.

a) Define the term titration.

b) List the apparatus that is needed for a titration.

c) What must be added to the acid or alkali in a titration reaction?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Draw a diagram for a titration set up.

Page 7 of 126
e) Outline how you would carry out a titration experiment.

Q9 .

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Page 8 of 126
Average Volume _______________cm3

amount of H2SO4 = ............................................... mol

(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of NH3 in the aqueous ammonia.

amount of NH3 = ............................................... mol

Page 9 of 126
(iii) Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of the aqueous ammonia.

concentration of aqueous ammonia = ............................................... mol/dm3

(c) Describe how you could use the method of crystallisation to obtain a pure, dry sample of
ammonium sulfate(soluble salt) from a dilute solution of ammonium sulfate.
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Q10. A student carries out a titration to find the concentration of some dilute sulfuric acid.
She is given
a supply of the dilute sulfuric acid
sodium hydroxide solution of concentration 0.150 mol/dm3
apparatus suitable for carrying out a titration
phenolphthalein indicator

She uses this method to do the titration.

step 1 add 25.0 cm3 of the sodium hydroxide solution to a conical flask
step 2 add 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the conical flask
step 3 fill a burette with the sulfuric acid
step 4 add the sulfuric acid to the conical flask until the phenolphthalein indicator just changes
colour

Page 10 of 126
(a) Name the piece of apparatus that the student should use to add the sodium hydroxide
solution in step 1.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) What is the colour change of the phenolphthalein indicator in step 4?

(c) Why is it better to use phenolphthalein indicator rather than universal indicator in this
titration?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) The diagram shows the burette readings in one titration.

Use the readings to complete the table, entering all values to the nearest 0.05 cm3.

(e) The student repeats the experiment using the same sodium hydroxide solution
but another solution of sulfuric acid of a different concentration.
The table shows her results.

Page 11 of 126
The average (mean) volume of acid should be calculated using only concordant results.
Concordant results are those volumes that differ from each other by 0.20 cm3 or less.
(i) Identify the concordant results by placing ticks (√) in the table where appropriate.

(ii) Use your ticked results to calculate the average volume of acid added.

average volume of acid = .............................................................. cm3

(f ) The student uses a similar method to find the concentration of a solution of phosphoric acid
(H3PO4).
The equation for the reaction is
3NaOH + H3PO4 → Na3PO4 + 3H2O
The table shows her results.

(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of NaOH in 25.0 cm3 of the sodium hydroxide solution.

amount of NaOH = ..............................................................mol

Page 12 of 126
(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of H3PO4 in the phosphoric acid solution.

amount of H3PO4 = ..............................................................mol

(iii) Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of the phosphoric acid.

concentration of phosphoric acid = .............................................................. mol/dm3

Q11. This apparatus can be used to find the volume of dilute sulfuric acid needed to
neutralise 25.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH.

Page 13 of 126
(a) Describe how to use the apparatus to find the volume of dilute sulfuric acid needed to
neutralise the sodium hydroxide.
Assume that the apparatus is clean and does not need rinsing.
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Q12. Dilute sulfuric acid can be used to make soluble and insoluble salts.
(a) A student plans an experiment to obtain a pure, dry sample of the soluble salt, sodium
sulfate, from dilute sulfuric acid.
(i) The student does a titration to find the volume of sulfuric acid needed for complete reaction
with the other reactant.
Describe the steps she should take in her titration.
Refer to these pieces of apparatus in your answer.
● pipette
● burette
● conical flask
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) The student plans a different experiment to obtain a pure, dry sample of the insoluble salt,
barium sulfate, from dilute sulfuric acid.
Describe the steps she should take in her experiment.
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Page 14 of 126
Q13. Name or give the chemical formula for each of the following compounds.

State whether they are soluble (will dissolve) or insoluble (will not dissolve) in solution. Use
Solubility rules.

S.No. Chemical Formula Name Solubility

1 Ba(OH)2

2 Iron(II) Carbonate

3 NaOH

4 RbNO3

5 Cesium sulfate

6 MgSO4

7 ZnCl2

8 Aluminium phosphate

9 AgBr

10 BaCO3

Q14. Identify the two new compounds which form if the solutions were mixed.

Circle any compounds that would precipitate from the solution (are insoluble)

KBr Na2CO3 CaS NH4OH

AgNO3

BaCl2

Al(NO3)3

CuSO4

Teacher Signature and remarks: __________________________________________________

Page 15 of 126
Page 16 of 126
Page 17 of 126
Page 18 of 126
RATES OF REACTION
Q1. Answer the following questions:

a) How to measure the rate of reaction?

b) What is the activation Energy?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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C) What are the factors which affect the rate of reaction?
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d) How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?
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e) What is the role of the catalysts in rates of reaction?
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f) Give an example of a biological catalyst?
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Q2. A student uses this apparatus to investigate the rate of reaction between marble chips and
dilute hydrochloric acid. (Effect of Surface area on rates of reaction)

Page 19 of 126
(a) During the reaction, the reading on the balance decreases because mass is lost from the
flask.
(i) Explain how using the cotton wool increases the accuracy of this investigation.

(ii) Why is mass lost from the flask?

(b) This is the equation for the reaction between marble chips and dilute hydrochloric acid.
Complete the equation by adding the state symbols.

(c) The student uses large marble chips in the investigation.

This is a graph of his results.

The student repeats the experiment using the same total mass of smaller marble chips.
On the graph, draw the curve that would be obtained. [assume the marble chips are in excess]

(d) The rate of this reaction can be altered by increasing the temperature or by increasing the
concentration of the hydrochloric acid.
(i) Explain, using the particle collision theory, how increasing the concentration of the
hydrochloric acid would affect the rate of this reaction.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

Page 20 of 126
..........................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain, using the particle collision theory, how increasing the temperature would affect the
rate of this reaction.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

Q3. The graph shows the volumes of carbon dioxide given off when marble chips are reacted
with hydrochloric acid in five different experiments.

(a) Curve A shows the volume of carbon dioxide given off when some marble chips are reacted
with an excess of 1.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid.
(i) Explain which curve, B, C, D or E, could represent the results obtained if half the mass of
marble chips is used with excess of the acid.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
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(ii) Explain which curve, B, C, D or E, could represent the results obtained if the reaction is
performed at a lower temperature, with the same mass of marble chips and excess of the acid.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

Page 21 of 126
..........................................................................................................................................................
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(iii) Explain which curve, B, C, D or E, could represent the results obtained if the marble chips
are replaced by the same mass of powdered marble chips and excess of the acid.
..........................................................................................................................................................
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Q4. Effect of pressure on rates of reaction:

Page 22 of 126
(a) (i) Plot the student’s results on the grid.

(ii) Draw a curve of best fit.

Page 23 of 126
(b) (i) The student repeats the experiment using
● 0.043 g of magnesium ribbon
● 50 cm3 of 2.00 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid
Draw, on the grid in part (a), the curve you would expect in this experiment.
Label this curve Y.

(ii) The student repeats the experiment again, using

● 0.086 g of magnesium ribbon
● 50 cm3 of 2.00 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid
● a slightly higher temperature than the first experiment
Draw, on the grid in part (a), the curve you would expect in this experiment.
Label this curve Z.

(c) The expected volume of gas produced in the first experiment is 86 cm3.
Suggest why the volume collected is less than the expected volume.
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(d) The student uses a graduated beaker to measure the volume of dilute hydrochloric acid.
Explain why it is not necessary to use a measuring cylinder in this experiment.
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(e) The ionic equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid is
Mg(s) + 2H+(aq) → Mg2+(aq) + H2(g)
Use the information in this equation, and the particle collision theory, to explain
why the rate of reaction decreases during each of the experiments.
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Q5. Effect of Temperature on rates of reaction:

A student investigates how temperature affects the rate of reaction between two colourless
solutions containing ions.
When he mixes the solutions, a reaction takes place between the ions and after a while the
mixture suddenly turns blue. He performs the experiment at five different temperatures and on
each occasion he measures the time taken for the mixture to turn blue.
The table shows his results.

Page 24 of 126
(a) (i) Plot the results on the grid and draw a curve of best fit.

(ii) Use your graph to estimate the time taken for the mixture to turn blue at 500C.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) What does the graph show about the relationship between temperature and
time taken?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Explain, in terms of particles, why an increase in temperature increases the rate of
this reaction.
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(c) State a variable that must be kept constant for the experiment to be valid (a fair test).
..........................................................................................................................................................
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Page 25 of 126
Q6. Zinc is added to dilute hydrochloric acid. The equation for the reaction is
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
An experiment is carried out using
● 0.12 g of powdered zinc
● an excess of 0.2 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid
● a temperature of 20°C
The volume of hydrogen collected in the experiment is measured at regular time intervals.
Curve B shows the results obtained.

(a) The experiment is repeated using

● 0.12 g of powdered zinc
● an excess of 0.2 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid
● a temperature of 40°C
Explain which curve, A, B or C, shows the results obtained.
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(b) The experiment is repeated again, using
● 0.06g of powdered zinc
● an excess of 0.2 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid
● a temperature of 20°C
Explain which curve, A, B or C, shows the results obtained.
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Page 26 of 126
Q7. Effect of Concentration on rates of reaction:
Student investigates the rate of the reaction between marble chips (calcium carbonate) and
dilute hydrochloric acid. She is given a bottle containing hydrochloric acid labelled 100%.
She uses this method to find out how changing the concentration of the acid affects the rate of
reaction.
add some marble chips to a conical flask
pour 50.0 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid into the flask
place the flask on a balance and start a timer
record the time taken for the mass of the flask and contents to decrease by 1.0 g
repeat the experiment using different concentrations of hydrochloric acid
(a) Suggest two features of the marble chips that the student should keep the same to ensure
that the results are valid (a fair test).
1 .......................................................................................................................................................
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2 .......................................................................................................................................................
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(b) Why does the mass of the flask and contents decrease during the experiment?
..........................................................................................................................................................
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(c) The student should have put some cotton wool in the neck of the conical flask after placing
the flask on the balance.
How would this improve the accuracy of the results?
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(d) The graph shows the student’s results for the decrease in the mass of the flask and contents
by 1.0 g.

Page 27 of 126
(i) Use the graph to find the time taken for the loss of 1.0 g of mass from the flask when the
concentration of acid is 50%. Show on the graph how you obtained your answer.
..........................................................................................................................................................
(ii) One of the points on the graph is anomalous.
What could have caused this anomalous result?

(e) The results of each experiment can be used to calculate the rate of reaction using the
expression

Calculate the rate of reaction when the concentration of acid is 50%.

rate of reaction = .............................................................. g/s

(f ) The student is given a bottle of hydrochloric acid with a concentration different from that
used in the previous experiments.
She repeats the investigation using different concentrations of hydrochloric acid.
She calculates the rate of reaction for each experiment.
The table shows her results.

Plot these results on the grid and draw a straight line of best fit.

Page 28 of 126
(g) The rate of reaction increases as the concentration of the acid increases.
Explain this relationship in terms of particles.
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Q8. Effect of Catalyst on rates of reaction:
In 1774, the scientist Joseph Priestley produced oxygen by heating mercury(II) oxide, (HgO).
When heated, mercury(II) oxide breaks down into its elements.

(a) (i) Write a chemical equation for the breakdown of mercury(II) oxide into its elements.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(ii) What name is given to this type of reaction?

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(b) Priestley’s method of producing oxygen is no longer used because of the high toxicity of
mercury and mercury compounds.
A student prepares oxygen by adding hydrogen peroxide solution to solid manganese(IV) oxide.
The diagram shows the apparatus used.

Page 29 of 126
The equation for the reaction is
2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
(i) Give the name of the apparatus that contains the hydrogen peroxide solution.
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(ii) Suggest how the first sample of gas collected may be different from the samples collected
later.
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(c) A catalyst increases the rate of decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide.
Describe a method you could use to show that the manganese (IV) oxide is acting as a catalyst
in this reaction.
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(d) The diagram shows the reaction profile for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
without a catalyst.

Page 30 of 126
(i) Label the diagram to show the activation energy (Ea) for this reaction.

(ii) On the diagram, draw a curve to represent the reaction profile for the same
reaction when a catalyst is used.

Teacher Signature and remarks: __________________________________________________

Page 31 of 126
CHEMICAL EQUILIQUIBIRIUM
Q1. The equation for a reaction that occurs in the manufacture of nitric acid is

(a) (i) State the meanings of the symbols ⇌and ΔH.

⇌ ......................................................................................................................................................
ΔH ....................................................................................................................................................

(ii) What does the negative sign of ΔH indicate about the reaction?

(c) Typical conditions used for this reaction are a temperature of 900 °C and a pressure of 10
atmospheres.
Deduce the effects of changing the conditions as shown in the table. Choose from the words
increased, decreased or unchanged to complete the table.

(d) A manufacturer considers using a pressure of 5 atm instead of 10 atm.

(i) Predict and explain the effect on the rate of reaction of changing the pressure to 5 atm.
Effect on rate of reaction .................................................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Page 32 of 126
Explanation ......................................................................................................................................
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(ii) Predict and explain the effect on the position of equilibrium of changing the
pressure to 5 atm.

Effect on position of equilibrium.....................................................................................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Explanation ......................................................................................................................................
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(e) Balance the equation that represents the last stage in the manufacture of nitric acid.
.......NO2 +........O2 + .........H2O →.......HNO3

Q2. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are used in the manufacture of methanol (CH3OH).
The reaction is reversible and can reach a position of dynamic equilibrium.
CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g) ΔH = –91 kJ/mol
The reaction is carried out at a pressure of about 100 atmospheres and a temperature of 250!C.
(a) State two features of a reaction that is in dynamic equilibrium.
1 .......................................................................................................................................................
………………..........................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................................................
………………..........................................................................................................................................
(b) (i) How would a decrease in temperature at constant pressure affect the amount of
methanol in the equilibrium mixture?
Explain your answer.
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(ii) How would an increase in pressure at constant temperature affect the amount of methanol
in the equilibrium mixture?
Explain your answer.
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Page 33 of 126
(iii) What is meant by the term catalyst?

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(v) Explain how a catalyst affects on dynamic equilibrium.
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Q3. Hydrogen iodide can be manufactured from its elements using this reaction.
H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g) ΔH = –9 kJ/mol
A temperature of 500 °C, a pressure of 4 atm and a platinum catalyst are used in this
manufacturing process.
(a) The diagram shows the reaction profile if a catalyst is not used.

(i) On the diagram, draw the reaction profile when a platinum catalyst is used.

(ii) Label the diagram to show the enthalpy change (ΔH) and the activation energy (Ecat) for the
reaction with the catalyst.

(b) A manufacturer carries out this reaction using the same catalyst, a pressure of 4 atm,

Page 34 of 126
but a temperature of 400 °C.
(i) State the effect of this change in temperature on the rate of the reaction.
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(ii) Explain the effect of this change on the yield of hydrogen iodide.
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(c) The manufacturer then carries out this reaction using the same catalyst, a temperature of
500 °C, but a pressure of 2 atm.
(i) Suggest what effect this change in pressure would have on the rate of the reaction.
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(ii) Explain the effect of this change on the yield of hydrogen iodide.
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Q4. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and dinitrogen tetraoxide (N2O4) exist together in equilibrium.
2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g)
brown colourless
(a) The gas syringe contains a sample of an equilibrium mixture of the two gases.
The mixture is brown in colour.

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The plunger is pulled out to reduce the pressure of the gaseous mixture.
When the equilibrium is reached the mixture is darker in colour.
Explain this observation.
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(b) (i) A sealed tube containing an equilibrium mixture of NO2 and N2O4 at room temperature
is plunged into water at 0°C. The colour of the mixture changes from brown to pale yellow.
Explain whether the forward reaction is exothermic or endothermic.
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(ii) In the forward reaction, a bond is formed between the two nitrogen dioxide molecules.
NO2 + NO2 → O2N–NO2
Explain whether this information supports your answer in (b)(i).
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Q5. The flow diagram shows the main stages in an industrial process to manufacture ammonia.

(a) Give the name of this industrial process.

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(b) Identify gases A and B.

gas A.................................................................................................................................................
gas B..................................................................................................................................................

(c) State the purpose of the condenser.

(d) Name the catalyst that is used in the reactor.

(f ) The reaction to make ammonia is reversible and can reach a position of equilibrium.
The graph shows the percentage yield of ammonia at equilibrium, and at different
temperatures and pressures.

Page 37 of 126
(i) State the conditions of temperature and pressure that would produce the
largest percentage yield of ammonia.

Teacher Signature and remarks: __________________________________________________

Page 38 of 126
SECOND
TERM

Page 39 of 126
REACTIVITY SERIES

Q1. Answer the following questions.

a) Define displacement reactions.

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b) Define the term oxidation.
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c) Define the term reduction.
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d) Define the term reduction.
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e) Define redox reaction.
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f) Define the term oxidizing agent.

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h) Define the term Galvanization.
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i) Define the term sacrificial protection.
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Q2. Complete the following word equation and then write chemical equation for reaction.

Metal + Water → Salt +Hydrogen

a) potassium + water →

b) calcium + water →

c) iron + water →

d) zinc + water →

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e) silver + water →

Metal + Acid → Salt +Hydrogen

a) sodium + hydrochloric acid →

b) magnesium + sulfuric acid →

c) aluminium + nitric acid →

d) lead + sulfuric acid →

e) gold + nitric acid →

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Displacement reactions

a) zinc + lead nitrate →

b) iron + lead sulfate →

c) lead + copper nitrate →

d) magnesium + lead nitrate →

e) copper + sodium chloride →

f) zinc + iron sulfate →

g) gold + silver nitrate →

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Q3. Three metals X, Y, and Z have the following reactions: -
Y will displace X from a solution of its salt.
Z will displaces both X and Y from solution of their salts.
Place the three metals in order of reactivity, starting with least reactive.

Q4. Here is a list of metals in order of decreasing reactivity. Q and R are mystery metals.

K > Q > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > R > Fe > Cu

a) Will Q react with cold water?

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b) Will R react with cold water?

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c) Will R reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid?

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d) Will R displace copper from copper sulfate solution?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Q5. For the following reaction. Write two ionic equations and label which one is reduction and
which one is oxidation.

Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu

Page 44 of 126
PAST PAPER QUESTIONS

Q6. This question is about different metals.

The list shows part of the reactivity series of metals.

(a) Name a metal from the list that is extracted by electrolysis.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Uranium is a metal that is in between magnesium and zinc in the reactivity series.
Equal sized pieces of these three metals are placed in separate solutions of dilute hydrochloric
acid of the same concentration and at the same temperature.
The observations for magnesium and zinc are shown in the table.
Complete the table by stating the observations that would be made for uranium.

(c) (i) Metals high in the reactivity series react readily with water.
Name the compound formed when potassium reacts with water.
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(ii) Give the formula of the compound formed when magnesium reacts with steam.
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(d) Zinc can be extracted by heating zinc oxide with carbon.
The equation for the reaction is
ZnO + C → Zn + CO
(i) Explain whether zinc or carbon is the more reactive element.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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(ii) Explain which element is acting as a reducing agent in this reaction.
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Q7.

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1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(a) What is the order of reactivity of these metals?

(b) (i) State which metal, W, X, Y or Z, could be copper.

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(ii) State which metal, W, X, Y or Z, could be magnesium.
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(c) A displacement reaction can also be used to decide the order of reactivity of two metals.
State two observations made when an excess of magnesium powder is added to
an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate.

1........................................................................................................................................................
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2........................................................................................................................................................
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Q9. The diagram shows two samples of iron, A and B.

Sample B is coated with a thin layer of zinc.

(a) Name the process used to coat iron with zinc.
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(b) The two samples of iron are left outside for several weeks.
A brown solid containing hydrated iron(III) oxide forms on sample A.
(i) Give the common name for the brown solid.
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(ii) Give the names of the two substances that react with the iron to form the brown solid.
1........................................................................................................................................................
2........................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Write the chemical formula for rusting of iron.
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(c) Iron can be formed by reacting aluminium powder with iron(III) oxide.
The diagram shows how this reaction can be demonstrated.

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When the magnesium fuse is lit, a very exothermic reaction occurs.
(i) State the meaning of the term exothermic.
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(ii) The equation for the reaction between aluminium and iron(III) oxide is
2Al + Fe2O3 → 2Fe + Al2O3
Explain what this reaction shows about the relative reactivities of aluminium and iron.
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(iii) Explain why the reaction between aluminium and iron(III) oxide is a redox reaction.
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Q10. In an experiment, a student adds a piece of zinc to some dilute hydrochloric acid in a test
tube.

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The student measures the temperature before adding the zinc.
After adding the zinc, he stirs the mixture and measures the highest temperature reached.
The diagram shows his results.

(a) Use the readings to complete the table, giving all values to the nearest 0.5 °C.

(b) The student wants to find out if there is a relationship between the reactivity of a metal and
the temperature rise.
He repeats the experiment four times, using a different metal each time.
The table shows his results.

(i) State three factors that the student should keep constant in each experiment.
1........................................................................................................................................................
2........................................................................................................................................................
3........................................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Using information from the table, state the relationship between the reactivity of a metal
and the temperature rise.
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(iii) State why there is no temperature rise when gold is added to the acid.
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Q11. This question is about ways of preventing iron nails from rusting.
(a) This experiment is set up with three iron nails.

(i) What is the name of the main compound in rust?

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(ii) Why does the nail in tube 1 not rust?
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(iii) What is the purpose of the layer of oil in tube 2?
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(b) Zinc can be used to coat iron nails to prevent them from rusting.
(i) What is the name of this process?
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(ii) If the layer of zinc on the nail is scratched, sacrificial protection prevents the iron from
rusting.
Explain, with the help of two ionic half-equations, how this type of sacrificial protection works.
Use symbols from the box in your equations. You may use each symbol once, more than once
or not at all.
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(c) Electroplating is another method of rust prevention.
This apparatus can be used to electroplate an iron nail.

(i) Equation 1 shows the reaction at the copper rod.

Equation 1 Cu → Cu2+ + 2e–
Name this type of reaction, giving a reason for your answer.
type of reaction
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reason
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(ii) Equation 2 shows the reaction at the iron nail.
Equation 2 Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu
Use equations 1 and 2 to explain why the colour of the copper(II) sulfate solution does not
change during the experiment.

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Q12. The reactivity of metals can be studied using displacement reactions. In these reactions,
one metal is added to a solution of a salt of a different metal.
If a displacement reaction occurs, there is a temperature rise.
A student used the following method in a series of experiments.
_ Pour some metal salt solution into a polystyrene cup supported in a glass beaker and record
the temperature of the solution.
_ Add a known mass of a metal and stir.
_ Record the maximum temperature of the mixture.
(a) Suggest three variables that should be kept the same for the student’s experiments to be a
fair test.
1 .......................................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................................................
3 .......................................................................................................................................................
(b) The student used a thermometer to measure the temperature rise. The diagrams show the
thermometer readings before and after adding the metal.

Use the diagrams to complete the table.

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(c) The student used copper(II) sulfate solution in all her experiments. She used five different
metals. She did not know the identity of the metal labelled X.
The student did each experiment twice. The table shows her results.

(i) Which of the metals gave the least reliable temperature rise?
Explain your choice.
Metal
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Explanation
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(ii) Identify the most reactive of the metals used.
Explain how the results show that it is the most reactive.
Metal
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Explanation
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(iii) Why is there no temperature rise when silver is added to copper(II) sulfate solution?
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(iv) Why do the results make it impossible to decide which of the metals is the least reactive?
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(d) A word equation for one of the reactions is
zinc + copper(II) sulfate → copper + zinc sulfate
Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
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Teacher Signature and remarks: __________________________________________________

Page 56 of 126
ELECTROLYSIS
Q1. Define the following terms.

a) Electrolysis.
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b) Electrode.
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c) Anion.
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d) Cation.
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e) Anode.
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f) Cathode.
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g) Electrolyte.
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h) Non-electrolyte.
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i) Inert elctrode.
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Q2. Complete the table giving (i) ions present (ii) products at electrodes during electrolysis.
Substance Ions present Product at
Anode Cathode
Dilute Sulfuric Acid

Molten Lead bromide

Aqueous CuSO4 solution with

copper electrode
Aqueous CuSO4 solution with
Platinum electrode
Aqueous NaCl solution with Pt
or Carbon electrode
Potassium hydroxide solution

Q3. The apparatus shown in the diagram can be used to investigate the colours of the cobalt(II)
ion (Co2+) and the chromate ion (CrO42–) in cobalt(II) chromate.

Page 58 of 126
These are the results of the experiment.
● a pink colour moves towards electrode A
● a yellow colour moves towards electrode B
(a) Explain how the results show that the chromate ion is yellow.
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(b) (i) Chromate ions in aqueous solution can be converted into dichromate ions (Cr2O72−) by
the addition of hydrogen ions.
Balance the equation that represents this reaction.
. . . . .CrO42−(aq) + . . . . . .H+(aq) → . . . . . .Cr2O72−(aq) + . . . . . .H2O(l)
(ii) Which solution is a source of hydrogen ions for this reaction?

Q4. Magnesium can be obtained by the electrolysis of magnesium chloride.

Solid magnesium chloride is obtained from seawater.
The magnesium chloride is melted and then electrolysed. The positive electrode is made of
graphite and the negative electrode is made of steel.
Magnesium forms at the negative electrode. Chlorine forms at the positive electrode.
(a) Explain why the magnesium chloride has to be melted before it can be electrolysed.
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(b) Write an ionic half-equation to represent the formation of magnesium at the negative
electrode.
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(c) Suggest why steel is not used for the positive electrode.
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Q5. The diagram shows the diaphragm cell used in the electrolysis of concentrated sodium
chloride solution, NaCl(aq).

(a) Explain what is meant by the term electrolysis.

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(b) Identify gas A, gas B and solution C.
gas A
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gas B
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solution C
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(c) Sodium is manufactured by the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, NaCl(l).
Sodium is produced at the negative electrode and chlorine is produced at the positive
electrode.
(i) Why does the sodium chloride have to be molten before it will conduct electricity?
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(ii) The ionic half-equation for the formation of sodium is
Na+ + e– → Na

Page 60 of 126
Write the ionic half-equation for the formation of chlorine from chloride ions.

Q6. This question is about copper and its compounds.

(a) Copper is a metal used for electrical wiring.
Explain why copper is a good conductor of electricity.
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(b) This apparatus is used to investigate the electrolysis of copper(II) sulfate solution with
graphite electrodes.

Copper forms at the negative electrode and oxygen forms at the positive electrode.
(i) State what would be observed at each electrode.
negative electrode
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positive electrode
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(ii) The ionic half-equation for the reaction at the negative electrode is
Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu
State why this is a reduction reaction.
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(iii) Explain why the copper(II) sulfate solution becomes paler blue during the electrolysis.
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Q7.

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Page 62 of 126
Q8

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2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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Teacher Signature and remarks: __________________________________________________

Page 64 of 126
EXTRACTION OF METALS
Q1. Define the following terms.

a) Minerals.
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b) Ores.
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c)Roasting.
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d) Alloy.
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Q2. Answer the following.
a) Explain how to extract Aluminium from bauxite using electrolysis.
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b) How to extract iron in an iron furnace?
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Q3. Complete the table.

Type of steel Iron mixed with Some uses

Mild steel

High-carbon steel

Stainless steel

Q4. Iron is extracted from its ore using a blast furnace.

Page 66 of 126
(a) (i) Give the name of an iron ore.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) The iron ore is mixed with two other raw materials and put into the top of the furnace.
Give the names of the two other raw materials.
1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)State the purpose of these reactions in the blast furnace.
(i) C + O2 → CO2
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(ii) C + CO2 → 2CO
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(iii) Limestone is one of the raw materials added to the blast furnace.
Explain how limestone removes the impurity, silica (SiO2), from the furnace.
You may use equations to help your answer.
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(c) The equation for a reaction that occurs in the blast furnace is
2Fe2O3 + 3C → 4Fe + 3CO2
Explain, with reference to the reactants in this equation, why this is a redox reaction.
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(d) One problem with using iron is rusting.
(i) Name the two substances that must be present for iron to rust.
1 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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2 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(ii) One method of preventing iron from rusting is to paint it.
State how this method of rust prevention works.
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(e) Iron can also be protected from rusting by coating it with zinc.
(i) Give the name of this type of protection.
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(ii) Explain how this method of protection works, even when the surface of the zinc is scratched
to expose the iron underneath.
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(f ) Aluminium is extracted from its oxide using electrolysis.
(i) Why is aluminium not extracted by heating its oxide with carbon monoxide?
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Page 68 of 126
(ii) Why is iron not extracted from its oxide using electrolysis?
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Q5. This question is about the extraction and uses of aluminium.
(a) Aluminium is extracted from aluminium oxide by electrolysis.

(i) What are the electrodes made of?

Negative electrode ...........................................................................................................................
Positive electrode ............................................................................................................................
(ii) Aluminium is extracted from purified aluminium oxide.
What is the formula of aluminium oxide.
..........................................................................................................................................................
(iii) State one reason why cryolite is used in the extraction of aluminium.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(b) (i) Explain why the operating temperature would need to be very high if pure aluminium
oxide were used as the electrolyte.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Describe how the operating temperature is kept low.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(c) The ionic half-equation for the reaction at the negative electrode is
Al3+ + 3e– → Al
What type of reaction is occurring at the negative electrode?
Explain your answer.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(d) The waste gases escaping from the electrolysis cell contain carbon dioxide.
Describe how the carbon dioxide is formed.
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(e) Aluminium is used to make cans for food and drinks.

State two properties of aluminium that make it suitable for this use.
You should not refer to cost in your answers.
1 .......................................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................................................

Q6. Titanium is a metal that can be extracted from its ore in a three-stage process.
stage 1 titanium ore is converted into titanium dioxide, TiO2
stage 2 titanium dioxide is then converted into titanium chloride, TiCl4
stage 3 titanium chloride is converted into titanium, Ti
(a) A titanium ore contains the composition by mass
Fe = 36.8% Ti = 31.6% O = 31.6%
Show by calculation that the empirical formula of this ore is FeTiO3

Page 70 of 126
(b) The equation for the conversion of titanium dioxide into titanium chloride is
TiO2 + 2Cl2 + C → TiCl4 + CO2
Explain which element has been oxidised in this reaction.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) In stage 3
titanium chloride vapour is passed through molten magnesium in an atmosphere of argon
the products are allowed to cool to form a solid mixture of titanium and magnesium chloride
this mixture is crushed into a powder and then added to water to dissolve the magnesium
chloride
(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between titanium chloride and magnesium.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Suggest why this reaction cannot be successfully carried out in an atmosphere of air.
..........................................................................................................................................................
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(iii) Suggest why the mixture is crushed into a powder before it is added to water.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(d) (i) Describe the bonding in titanium metal.
..........................................................................................................................................................
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..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain why titanium conducts electricity.
..........................................................................................................................................................
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Page 71 of 126
Q7. Most metals are extracted in a blast furnace or by electrolysis.
(a) (i) The chemical equations for two reactions that occur during the extraction of
aluminium are
A A l3 + + 3e– → Al

B C + O2 → CO2
For each of these reactions, complete the table to show whether the underlined species is
being oxidised or reduced. In each case, explain your choice.

(ii) Reaction A takes place at the negative electrode during the extraction of aluminium.
Write an ionic half-equation for the reaction at the positive electrode.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Reaction B gives a waste product during the extraction of aluminium.
What effect does this reaction have on the positive electrodes?
..........................................................................................................................................................
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Teacher Signature and remarks: __________________________________________________

Page 72 of 126
THIRD
TERM

Page 73 of 126
HALOGENS
Q1. Following are the properties of the Group 7 Halogen elements
Atomic Element Symbol Physical Colour Melting Boiling
number Name state at point 0C point 0C
room
temperature
9 Fluorine F Yellow -220 -188

17 Cl Gas

35 Br Brown

53 I Solid

85 Astatine At 302 337

a) Complete the table above.

b) What is the color trend down the group?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
C) What is the color of the vapour (gas) formed on heating (i) bromine, (ii) iodine?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) What properties in the table are typical of non-metals?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Q2. (a) What is the group trend in melting and boiling point down the group with increase in
atomic number?
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) How does the trend affect their physical state as you go down the group with increases in
atomic number?
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Q3. The molecules of Halogens are diatomic molecules. What does this mean?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Q4. What sort of compounds do the Halogens form when combined with metals?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Q5. Displacement reaction occurs in halogens. Following is an example.

Cl2 (aq) + 2KBr (aq) → 2KCl (aq) + Br2(aq)

a) Write ionic equation for this reaction.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State the observation that can be made when the reaction takes place.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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c) State one practical application of this displacement reaction.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Identify the undergoing.

Oxidation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Reduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 75 of 126
Q6. This question is about some of the halogens and their compounds.
(a) (i) Which element is a liquid at room temperature?

(ii) Which element has the palest colour?

(iii) Which element is the least reactive?

(iv) What is the colour of chlorine at room temperature?

(v) The elements in Group 7 have similar chemical reactions because they have the same
number of

(b) A teacher uses displacement reactions to demonstrate the reactivities of some halogens.

Page 76 of 126
She adds solutions of chlorine, bromine and iodine separately to three different sodium halide
solutions.
The table shows some of the teacher’s results.

A change in colour of the solution indicates that a reaction has occurred.

(i) Complete the table by predicting the missing results.
(ii) State why the teacher does not add bromine solution to sodium bromide solution.
..........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
(iii) The word equation for the reaction of bromine with sodium iodide is
bromine + sodium iodide → iodine + sodium bromide
Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
..........................................................................................................................................................
(c) A technician sees an unlabelled bottle containing a liquid.
He knows that the liquid is a solution of one of these compounds.
● copper(II) chloride
● copper(II) bromide
● iron(II) chloride
● iron(II) bromide
Describe chemical tests that the technician could use to identify the compound in the solution.
..........................................................................................................................................................
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Page 77 of 126
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(d) A student wrote these statements about the reactions of the Group 7 elements.
• The reactivity of the elements decreases down the group.
• The elements form ions with a single positive charge.
• The formula of an astatine molecule is At2
• The equation for the reaction between chlorine and potassium bromide solution is
Cl2 + 2NaBr → 2NaCl + Br2
• In the reaction between bromine and potassium iodide, bromine acts as a reducing agent.
Three of the statements contain one incorrect word.
Complete the table to show each incorrect word and the correct word that should be used to
replace it.

Q7. Bromine, chlorine and iodine are halogens in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.
The three halogens have similar chemical properties but different reactivities.
(a) A teacher uses this apparatus to demonstrate the difference in reactivity between these
halogens.

The teacher does each experiment in a fume cupboard.

The table shows the observation for each halogen.

Page 78 of 126
(i) Suggest why the teacher uses a fume cupboard.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(ii) Use the information in the table to explain the order of reactivity of the three halogens.
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(iii) A student states that the order of reactivity cannot be found from this experiment because
bromine is a liquid, chlorine is a gas and iodine is a solid at room temperature.
Evaluate the student’s statement.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Page 79 of 126
(b) Bromine, chlorine and iodine all react with hydrogen.
In each reaction, a hydrogen halide (HX) is formed, where X represents the halogen.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen and bromine.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Draw a dot and cross diagram to represent a molecule of hydrogen chloride, HCl.
Show only the outer shell electrons.

(iii) Name the solution formed when hydrogen chloride dissolves in water.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(d) (ii) Some methylbenzene is poured into beaker A.
Some water is poured into beaker B.
Hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in each liquid.
A separate piece of dry blue litmus paper is dipped into each solution.

Explain what happens to

• the piece of litmus paper dipped into beaker A
• the piece of litmus paper dipped into beaker B.
beaker A
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Page 80 of 126
beaker B
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Q8. Bromine, chlorine and iodine are elements in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.
(a) Place ticks (√) in the boxes to show the three correct statements about the elements in
Group 7.

(b) Group 7 elements are called halogens because they react with metals to form salts.
Write a chemical equation to show the formation of the salt potassium iodide from a metal and
a halogen.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) The equation for the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine is
H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
At room temperature, hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid can both be represented by the
formula HCl.
Insert the state symbol after each formula.
hydrogen chloride, HCl (…………………………………………………)
hydrochloric acid, HCl (…………………………………………………)
(d) Each of the halides in table 1 was dissolved in water to form a solution.
A sample of each of the halogens was then added to some of the halide solutions.
Table 2 shows the results.

Page 81 of 126
(i) Suggest why there is no reason to add chlorine to lithium chloride solution.
..........................................................................................................................................................
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(ii) Why was there no reaction when iodine was added to sodium bromide solution?
..........................................................................................................................................................
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(iii) Name the substance with the brown colour that formed when chlorine was added to
potassium iodide solution.
..........................................................................................................................................................
(e ) Astatine is an element in Group 7 that could also be involved in displacement reactions.
The ionic half-equations for one of these reactions would be
Cl2 + 2e– → 2Cl–
2At– → At2 + 2e–
(i) Write an ionic equation for this displacement reaction.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Teacher Signature and remarks: __________________________________________________

Page 82 of 126
TEST FOR IONS AND GASES
Q1. State a test for each of the following gases:

a) Oxygen

Test:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..

Result:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….…..

c) Hydrogen

d) Chlorine

Page 83 of 126
Q2. In the test for carbon dioxide gas when excess of carbon dioxide is passed through lime
water milkynes disappears.

Reason
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Equation

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Q3. Complete the following table.

Metal ion Formula of ion Colour expected

Lithium Li+

Sodium Na+

Potassium K+

Calcium Ca2+

Copper(II) Cu2+

Q4. Describe a chemical test which shows the presence of water

Test (with CuSO4)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Result
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Test (with CoCl2)

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Page 84 of 126
Result
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..

Q5. Complete the following table.(Tests for cations)

Ion Result of adding Equation for test Formula of

NaOH (aq) precipitate

Cu2+ Blue precipitate Cu2+(aq) +2OH-(aq) → Cu(OH)2(s)

Fe2+

Fe3+ Fe3+(aq) +3OH-(aq) → Fe(OH)3(s) Fe(OH)3

Ammonia gas
+
NH4 produced

Q6. Complete the following table.( Tests for anions)

Ion Test Positive result Product of reaction

add dilute hydrochloric acid CO2
CO32+ then bubble any gas produced CaCO3(with lime water)
through limewater
White precipitate
SO42+

Cl-

AgBr
Br-

add dilute nitric acid followed

-
I by silver nitrate solution

Page 85 of 126
Q7. A flame test is carried out on three metal compounds, X, Y and Z.
The diagram shows the apparatus used.

(a) (i) Suggest two reasons why platinum is a suitable metal to use as the wire in this test.
1 .......................................................................................................................................................
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2 .......................................................................................................................................................
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(ii) Why should the platinum wire be cleaned between each test?
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(iii) Why is a luminous Bunsen flame not suitable for carrying out a flame test?
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(b) The three metal compounds are also tested separately with three reagents.
The reagents used are
• aqueous acidified silver nitrate
• aqueous acidified barium chloride
• aqueous sodium hydroxide
The table shows the results of all the tests.

(i) Give the name of compound X and of compound Y.

Page 86 of 126
compound X
..........................................................................................................................................................
compound Y
..........................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Identify the cation present in compound Z.
..........................................................................................................................................................
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(c) Describe a chemical test, other than heating, that could be used to show that compound Z
contains carbonate ions.
test
..........................................................................................................................................................
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result
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Q8. A student carried out a series of tests on a solid, M, in order to identify the ions that could
be present.
The table shows her results.

(a) Identify the ion responsible for

(i) the lilac colour in the flame test
..........................................................................................................................................................

Page 87 of 126
(ii) the green precipitate when sodium hydroxide solution was added
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(iii) the yellow precipitate when silver nitrate solution was added
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(b) Describe how the student should carry out a flame test on solid M.
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(c) (i) Why was dilute nitric acid added to the solution of solid M before using silver nitrate
solution?
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(ii) Why should dilute hydrochloric acid not be used in place of dilute nitric acid in this test?
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(d) The tests for negative ions that the student carried out involved precipitation.
Suggest one negative ion that cannot be identified by a precipitation reaction.
..........................................................................................................................................................

Q9. A student adds dilute sulfuric acid to a beaker containing calcium chloride solution.
He obtains a mixture containing a precipitate of calcium sulfate in a solution of hydrochloric
acid.
(a) Complete the equation for this reaction by inserting state symbols.
CaCl2(.......) + H2SO4(........) → CaSO4(.......) + 2HCl(.......)

Page 88 of 126
(b) The student carries out a flame test on the filtrate he obtains and observes a brick-red
colour.
(i) Identify the ion responsible for this colour.
..........................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Suggest why this ion is present in the filtrate.
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(c) The student tests the filtrate for chloride ions by adding silver nitrate solution.
(i) State what he would observe in this test.
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(ii) State the name of the substance responsible for this observation.
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(iii) He reads in a textbook that dilute nitric acid should be added before the silver nitrate
solution in the test.
Suggest why the student does not need to add dilute nitric acid in the test.
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(d) The calcium sulfate residue he obtains is impure because it contains some hydrochloric acid.
Describe how he can obtain a pure dry sample of calcium sulfate from this residue.
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Q10. A student does these two tests on a solution made from a white solid.
● flame test
● add acidified silver nitrate solution
The table shows his results.

Page 89 of 126
(a) Give the formula of the ion that produces the red flame.
..........................................................................................................................................................
(b) Name the cream precipitate.
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(c) Identify the white solid.
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(d) The student uses a clean metal wire in the flame test.
(i) State why the wire should be clean when used in the flame test.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

Q11. Three aqueous solutions are sodium chloride, sodium iodide and silver nitrate. They are in
containers labelled X, Y and Z. It is not known which solution is in each container.
The solutions are mixed together as shown in the table, and the observations recorded.

(a) Explain how the results show that Y is aqueous silver nitrate.
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Page 90 of 126
(b) Explain how the results can be used to identify both X and Z.
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(c) Aqueous chlorine is added to separate aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and sodium
iodide.
Explain how the observations made can be used to distinguish between sodium chloride and
sodium iodide.
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Q12.

Page 91 of 126
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Test 3(A)
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Test 3(B).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..

(d) These tests are carried out on two separate samples of iron(III) sulfate solution.
test 1 add sodium hydroxide solution
test 2 add dilute hydrochloric acid, then add barium chloride solution
(i) Which observation is correct for test 1?
A brown precipitate
B brown solution
C green precipitate
D green solution

Page 92 of 126
(ii) Give the names of the two products formed in test 1.
…………………………………………………………………………and……………………………………………………………………
(iii) In test 2, there is no visible change after adding dilute hydrochloric acid. State why the acid
is added.
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(iv) In test 2, barium sulfate is formed after adding barium chloride solution.
State the observation that is made.
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(e) Describe a test to show that a sample of CuCO3 contains the CO32– ion.
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Q13. The ions present in ionic compounds can be identified using simple tests.
• some cations (positive ions) can be identified using a flame test
• some anions (negative ions) can be identified by observing reactions in solutions of the
compounds
Table 1 shows the flame test colours for four cations.

Page 93 of 126
Table 2 shows the results of three tests used to identify anions in solution.

Use the information in the tables to answer these questions.

(a) In the tests, compound X gives a red flame and produces effervescence when hydrochloric
acid is added.
Suggest two possible identities for compound X.
1........................................................................................................................................................
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2........................................................................................................................................................
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(b) (i) In the tests, compound Y gives a blue flame and produces a yellow colour when methyl
orange is added.

Page 94 of 126
A student concludes that compound Y is tantalum hydroxide.
Give two reasons why this conclusion may not be correct.
1........................................................................................................................................................
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2........................................................................................................................................................
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(ii) Which additional test from Table 2 would show that the only anion in compound Y is the
hydroxide ion?
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(c) An aqueous solution contains either carbonate ions or hydrogen carbonate ions.
Using only information from the tables, explain how you could decide if the solution contains
carbonate or hydrogen carbonate ions.
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Q14. A student is given a mixture of two solid ionic compounds, A and B. Each solid contains
one cation and one anion.
Compound A is insoluble in water.
Compound B is soluble in water.
(a) Describe how the student could separate the mixture to obtain solid A and a solution of B.
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Page 95 of 126
(b) The table shows the results of two tests the student does on a solution of B.

(i) Use the information in the table to identify the cation and the anion present
in compound B.
cation ...............................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
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anion ...............................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
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(ii) Identify the gas given off in test 1.
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(c) The student adds dilute hydrochloric acid to solid A.
A gas that turns limewater milky is given off.
(i) Explain which anion is present in solid A.
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Page 96 of 126
(ii) Give a test to show that solid A contains calcium ions.
test....................................................................................................................................................
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Teacher Signature and remarks: __________________________________________________

Page 97 of 126
ENERGETICS
Q1. Explain what is meant by an exothermic reaction.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Q2. Explain what is meant by an endothermic reaction.

Q3. A student uses this apparatus to investigate the heat energy released when a liquid fuel is
burned.

This is the student’s method.

● measure the mass of the spirit burner and fuel
● add 100 cm3 of water to the copper can
● record the temperature of the water
● use the spirit burner to heat the water until the temperature rises by 30 °C
● immediately measure the new mass of the spirit burner and fuel
(a) Suggest why the student measures the mass of the spirit burner and fuel immediately after
heating the water.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(b) When the fuel is burned, the student notices that black solid forms on the bottom of the
copper can.

Page 98 of 126
(i) Identify the black solid.
..........................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain why the black solid forms.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(c) (i) Show that the heat energy change, Q, to raise the temperature of 100 cm3 of water by 30
°C is approximately 13 kJ. [mass of 1.0 cm3 of water = 1.0 g] [c for water = 4.2 J/g/ °C]

(ii) The student burns 0.96 g of methanol, CH3OH

Calculate the molar enthalpy change, ΔH, in kJ/mol, for the combustion of methanol.
Include a sign in your answer.
[Mr of methanol = 32]

ΔH = ...................................................................... kJ/mol
(d) The table shows data book values for the molar enthalpy change, ΔH, for the combustion of
some alcohols with different numbers of carbon atoms per molecule.

Page 99 of 126
(i) Plot the data values from the table on the grid.
Draw a straight line of best fit.

(ii) Deduce the value of ΔH for an alcohol with six carbon atoms per molecule.
Show on the graph how you obtained your answer.

ΔH = ...................................................................... kJ/mol
(iii) State the relationship between ΔH and the number of carbon atoms per molecule.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

Page 100 of 126

Q4. A student burned four liquid fuels in order to compare the amount of energy they released,
in the form of heat. She used this apparatus.

The energy released when each fuel was burned was used to raise the temperature of 100 g of
water. For each fuel, the student recorded the mass of fuel burned and the increase in
temperature of the water.
Her results are shown in the table.

The best fuel is the one that releases the most energy.
(a) The student suggested that petrol was the best fuel.
Explain why, using the information in the table.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(b) Another student suggested that diesel was the best fuel.
Explain why, using the information in the table.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

Suggest two reasons why the student’s result is lower than the data book value.
1 .......................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

Page 101 of 126

Which of the energy changes A, B or C represents

Activation energy = ..........................................................................................................................
Energy released = .............................................................................................................................
(e) Explain, in terms of bond breaking and bond making, why this reaction gives out energy.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

Q5. Butane (C4H10) is a gas at room temperature and pressure.

The equation for the complete combustion of butane is
C4H10(g) + 6½O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 5H2O(l)
Butane is used in an experiment to determine its H of combustion.

Page 102 of 126

(a) State what the symbol ∆H represents.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(b) The table shows the results of the experiment.

Use this equation to calculate the heat produced when 0.725 g of butane is burned in this
experiment.

(c) A student uses the value from part (b) to calculate ∆H for the combustion of butane.
He calculates it as −1580 kJ/mol. He has not made a mistake in his calculation.
A data book value is −2887 kJ/mol.
(i) What is the significance of the negative sign for ∆H?
..........................................................................................................................................................

Page 103 of 126

Q6. A student uses this apparatus to find the increase in temperature of water when
methanol, CH3OH, is burned.

(a) There are several reasons why the increase in temperature is less than expected.
(i) One reason is the incomplete combustion of methanol to form only carbon monoxide and
water.
Write the chemical equation for this incomplete combustion.
..........................................................................................................................................................
(ii) State another reason why the increase in temperature is less than expected.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(b) The student records these results.

(i) Calculate the heat energy change (Q), in joules, in this experiment using the expression
Q = m × 4.2 × ΔT
where m is the mass of water in grams and ΔT represents the increase in temperature.

Q = ..................................................... J

Page 104 of 126

(ii) The relative molecular mass of methanol is 32
Use this information and your value for Q to calculate the molar enthalpy change, ΔH, for the
combustion of methanol.
Give your answer in kJ/mol.

ΔH = ..................................................... kJ/mol
(iii) The student draws an energy level diagram for the complete combustion of methanol.

Identify the two mistakes in his diagram.

1 .......................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(c) The student is given this table of average (mean) bond energies.

The equation for the complete combustion of methanol is

Page 105 of 126

Use this equation and the information in the table to calculate another value for the molar
enthalpy change, ΔH, for the combustion of methanol.
ΔH = breaking bond –making bond

ΔH = ...................................................... kJ/mol
Q7. A student does an experiment to investigate how the temperature changes as different
masses of solid potassium nitrate are dissolved in water.
She looks at this graph to help her decide the masses of water and potassium nitrate to use in
her experiment.

(a) The student decides to use a mass of 50 g of water at a temperature of 25 °C.

From the graph, find the maximum mass of potassium nitrate that dissolves in this experiment.
..........................................................................................................................................................

Page 106 of 126

(b) The student prepares six samples of potassium nitrate, each with a mass of 2.0 g.
She pours 50 cm3 of water into a 100 cm3 beaker and records the temperature of the water.
She then uses this method to find the change in temperature as she adds each sample of
potassium nitrate.
● add the first sample of potassium nitrate to the beaker and stir until the sample dissolves
● record the temperature of the solution
● add the second sample of potassium nitrate to the solution in the beaker and stir until the
sample dissolves
● record the new temperature of the solution
● repeat until all six samples of potassium nitrate have been added
The table shows her results.

(i) Plot the student’s results on the grid.

Draw a straight line of best fit.

Page 107 of 126

(ii) From the graph, find the mass of potassium nitrate that would be needed to produce a
temperature change of 10.0 °C.
..........................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Explain how the student’s results show the type of heat change that occurs when
potassium nitrate dissolves in water.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(iv) Complete the energy level diagram for this experiment.

(c) The student repeats the experiment and obtains these results.
mass of water (m) = 50 g
total mass of potassium nitrate added = 15 g
starting temperature = 32 °C
final temperature = 13 °C
Calculate the heat energy change (Q), in joules, using the expression
Q = m × 4.2 × ΔT
[ΔT is the temperature change]

heat energy change (Q) = ............................................. J

Page 108 of 126

Q8. A student uses this apparatus to measure the temperature change when lithium iodide
dissolves in water.

He measures the steady temperature of the water before adding the lithium iodide.
He then adds the lithium iodide, stirs the mixture until all the solid dissolves and records the
maximum temperature reached.
The diagram shows the thermometer readings before and after dissolving the lithium iodide.

(a) Use the readings to complete the table.

(b) In a second experiment, using the same mass of water, the student records a temperature
increase of 4.9 °C.
(i) Use this expression to calculate the heat energy change in this experiment.

Page 109 of 126

heat energy change = ............................................. J
(ii) In this experiment, 6.3g of lithium iodide were used.
Calculate the amount, in moles, of lithium iodide in 6.3g.
[Mr of lithium iodide = 134]

amount of LiI = ............................................. mol

(i) Calculate the molar enthalpy change, in kJ/mol, in this experiment.

molar enthalpy change = ...................................... kJ/mol

(ii) The temperature change in this experiment shows that dissolving lithium iodide in water to
form lithium iodide solution is an exothermic process.
Complete the energy level diagram to show the position of the lithium iodide solution.
Label the diagram to show ∆H, the molar enthalpy change.

Page 110 of 126

Q9. A student uses this apparatus to investigate the heat energy released when nitric acid is
added to potassium hydroxide solution.

She uses this method.

• put 25.0 cm3 of potassium hydroxide solution into the polystyrene cup
• measure the temperature of the potassium hydroxide solution
• add 5.00 cm3 of nitric acid from the burette
• stir the mixture and measure the highest temperature reached
• add further 5.00 cm3 samples of nitric acid, stir and measure the highest temperature reached
after each addition
(a) Name the piece of apparatus that should be used to measure the 25.0 cm3 of potassium
hydroxide solution.
..........................................................................................................................................................
(b) The table shows the student’s results.

(i) The result for 20.00 cm3 of acid is anomalous.

Page 111 of 126

Suggest two possible mistakes, other than misreading the thermometer, that the student might
have made to produce the anomalous result.
1........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
2........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Suggest a true value for the temperature when 20.00 cm3 of acid is added.
..........................................................................................................................................................
(c) In another experiment, the student records these results.

Calculate the heat energy released using the equation

Q = the heat energy released in J

m = mass of the mixture in g
ΔT = change in temperature in °C [assume mass of 1.00 cm3 of the mixture is 1.00 g]

heat energy released = ................................................. J

Q10. A group of students planned an experiment to find the temperature rise in a
neutralisation reaction. This is their method.

Page 112 of 126

• Use a measuring cylinder to add 25 cm3 of an alkali to a 100 cm3 beaker
• Record the temperature of the alkali
• Use a burette to add an acid to the alkali in 5.0 cm3 portions
• Record the temperature of the mixture after adding each portion of acid
• Stop the experiment when the neutralisation is complete
(a) The teacher asked the students about their method.
Suggest an answer to each of her questions.
(i) Why would it be better to use a pipette instead of a measuring cylinder?
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(ii) It would be better if a polystyrene cup were used instead of a beaker.
What property of polystyrene makes this an improvement?
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(iii) What extra step should there be between adding each portion of acid and measuring the
temperature?
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(iv) How would you know when the neutralisation was complete?
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
(b) The diagrams show the readings on the thermometer before and after one of the students
added a portion of acid.

Write down the thermometer readings and calculate the temperature change.
Temperature before adding acid ................................................................°C
Temperature after adding acid .....................................................................°C
Temperature change ...............................................................................................°C
(c) One student obtained these results from an experiment in which she added
a total of 40.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid to 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution.

Page 113 of 126

(ii) The point where the lines cross indicates the volume of acid needed to exactly neutralise the
alkali, and also the maximum temperature reached.
Use your graph to record these values.

Volume of acid ................................................ cm3

Maximum temperature ...................................................°C

Page 114 of 126

(d) A second student used the same method and found that 30.0 cm3 of acid were needed to
neutralise 25 cm3 of alkali.
He obtained a temperature rise of 5.5 °C in his experiment.
Calculate the heat energy change in this experiment using the expression:
heat energy change = total volume of mixture x 4.2 x temperature change

Heat energy change = ..................................................... J

(e) A third student calculated that the heat energy change in her experiment was
1800 J. This heat energy was released by the neutralisation of 25 cm3 of 1.50 mol/dm3 sodium
hydroxide solution.
(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of sodium hydroxide neutralised.

Amount = ................................................ mol

(ii) Calculate the molar enthalpy change, in kJ/mol, for the neutralisation of sodium hydroxide.

Molar enthalpy change = ............................................ kJ/mol

Page 115 of 126

Q11. A student does some experiments to find the heat energy released when natural gas
burns.
She uses this apparatus.

(a) The diagram shows the thermometer readings in one of her experiments.

Use these readings to complete the table, entering all values to the nearest 0.1 °C.

(b) The student repeats the experiment three times.

The table shows her results.

Page 116 of 126

(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, at room temperature and pressure, of methane burned in
experiment 1.
Assume that natural gas contains only methane.
(The volume of 1 mol of a gas at room temperature and pressure is 24 000 cm3)

amount = .................................. mol

(ii) The quantity of heat energy released in experiment 1 is 29 200 J.

Calculate the molar enthalpy change, in kJ/mol, for the combustion of methane.

molar enthalpy change = .................................. kJ/mol

(iii) The temperature rise in experiment 2 is 41.2 °C.
Calculate the heat energy change in experiment 2 using the expression

heat energy change = .................................. J

(iv) The student uses the results from experiment 3 to calculate the molar enthalpy change, in
kJ/mol, for the combustion of methane.
She compares her value with the value in a data book.

Page 117 of 126

Which is the best explanation for the large difference between these two values?

(c) The student uses a table of average bond energies to calculate another value for
the molar enthalpy of combustion of methane.

The equation for the combustion can be shown using displayed formulae.

(i) Use values from the table to calculate the energy taken in when the bonds in the reactants
are broken.

energy taken in = ...................................... kJ

(ii) Use values from the table to calculate the energy given out when the bonds in the products
are formed.

energy given out = ...................................... kJ

Page 118 of 126

(iii) Use your answers to (i) and (ii) to calculate the molar enthalpy change for the combustion
of methane.

molar enthalpy change = ...................................... kJ/mol

Q12. During the Second World War, engineers developed a rocket-powered aircraft.

The aircraft carried these two liquids

• hydrazine, N2H4
• hydrogen peroxide, H2O2
When these two liquids mix in the combustion chamber, they evaporate and then react rapidly
to form nitrogen gas, N2, and steam, H2O
The reaction is exothermic.
The equation for the reaction is
N2H4 + 2H2O2 → N2 + 4H2O
The displayed formulae for the reactants and products are

(a) The tables give the bond energies for the bonds broken in the reactants and the
bonds made in the products.

Page 119 of 126

(i) Use the data in the tables to calculate the total amount of energy required to break all of the
bonds in the reactants.

energy required = .............................................................. kJ

(ii) Use the data in the tables to calculate the total amount of energy released when all of the
bonds in the products are made.

energy released = .............................................................. kJ

(iii) Calculate the enthalpy change, ΔH, in kJ/mol, for the reaction. Include a sign in your answer.

ΔH = .............................................................. kJ/mol
(b) Explain, in terms of bonds broken and bonds made, why this reaction is exothermic.

Page 120 of 126

Q13. The equation for the conversion of ethanol into ethene can be written using displayed
formulae.

The table gives some average bond energies.

Use information from the table to calculate the enthalpy change, in kJ/mol, for the conversion
of ethanol into ethene.

enthalpy change = ................................................................ kJ/mol

Page 121 of 126

Q14. The equation for the preparation of oxygen from hydrogen peroxide is
2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
This equation can also be written using displayed formulae to show all the covalent bonds in
the molecules.

(i) Use the values in the table to calculate the enthalpy change, ΔH, for the reaction.
Include a sign in your answer.

ΔH = .............................................................. kJ

Teacher Signature and remarks: __________________________________________________

Page 122 of 126

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--------------END-------------

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Grade 9 Assignment Register

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Grade 9 Assignment Register

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A

ASSIGNMENT FOR GRADE-9

8 TEST FOR IONS 83-97

10 PERIODIC TABLE 126

Q2. Define a base?

Q3. Define an alkali?

Q4. What is neutralisation?

Q5. Complete the following table

Substance pH Acid or Litmus Methyl Phenolphthalein Universal

Q7. Complete the equations.

Reaction of Acids with Metals:

Metals + Acid →Salt + Hydrogen

1. Calcium + Hydrochloric acid →______________________ +_____________________

2. Lithium + Sulfuric acid → __________________________ + _____________________

3. Lead + Nitric acid → _____________________________ + _____________________

4. Iron + _______________ → Iron Chloride + ____________________________

5. Tin +___________________ → Tin nitrate + Hydrogen

2. Ca +2HCl ____________ → ____________ + H2

5. K + H2SO4 →______________ + __________

Reaction of Acids with Metal oxides:

Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water

1. Sodium oxide + Nitric acid → ____________________ + _______________

2. Copper oxide + Hydrochloric acid → ____________________ + Water

3. Zinc oxide + ________________→ Zinc sulfate+ _______________

4. Barium oxide + Phosphoric acid → ____________________ + _______________

5. Magnesium oxide + Carbonic acid → ____________________ + _______________

1. CuO +2HNO3 → ________________ + H2O

2. Al2O3 +____________→ AlCl3 + H2O

3. FeO + H2SO4 → ________________ + _______________

4. MgO +H2CO3 → ________________ + H2O

5. CuO +H3PO4 → ________________ + H2O

Reaction of Acids with Metal carbonates:

Metal carbonate + Acid →Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water

1. Lithium carbonate + Nitric acid → __________________ + _______________ + ___________

2. Strontium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid → ________________ + Water + ______________

3. Zinc carbonate + ________________→ Zinc sulfate+ ___________+____________________

4. Sodium carbonate + Phosphoric acid → ________________ + _______________+ water

5. Magnesium carbonate + Carbonic acid → _________________ + _____________ + _______

1. CuCO3 +2HNO3 → ________________ + ______________+ H2O

2. K2CO3 +____________→ KCl + H2O + ________________

3. FeCO3 + H2SO4 → ________________ +CO2 + H2O

4. MgCO3 +H2CO3 → ________________ + H2O+ ________________

5. BaCO3 +H3PO4 → ________________ + H2O+ CO2

Reaction of Acids with Alkalis (Hydroxides):

Alkali + Acid →Salt + Water

1. Potassium hydroxide+ Nitric acid → __________________ + _______________

2. Magnesium hydroxide+ _______________ → Magnesium chloride+ _______________

3. Aluminium hydroxide+ Sulfuric acid → ________________________ + water

5. Lead hydroxide + Carbonic acid → _________________ + water

1. Cu(OH)2 +2HNO3 → ________________ + H2O

2. KOH+____________→ KCl + H2O

3. Fe(OH)3 + H2SO4 → ________________ + H2O

4. Mg(OH)2 +H2CO3 → ________________ + ________________

5. LiOH +H3PO4 → ________________ + __________________

Q8. Answer the following questions.

a) Define the term titration.

b) List the apparatus that is needed for a titration.

c) What must be added to the acid or alkali in a titration reaction?

d) Draw a diagram for a titration set up.

amount of H2SO4 = ............................................... mol

(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of NH3 in the aqueous ammonia.

amount of NH3 = ............................................... mol

concentration of aqueous ammonia = ............................................... mol/dm3

She uses this method to do the titration.

average volume of acid = .............................................................. cm3

amount of NaOH = ..............................................................mol

amount of H3PO4 = ..............................................................mol

(iii) Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of the phosphoric acid.

concentration of phosphoric acid = .............................................................. mol/dm3

S.No. Chemical Formula Name Solubility

KBr Na2CO3 CaS NH4OH

Teacher Signature and remarks: __________________________________________________

a) How to measure the rate of reaction?

b) What is the activation Energy?

(ii) Why is mass lost from the flask?

(c) The student uses large marble chips in the investigation.

1. Calcium + Hydrochloric acid →__ +_

2. Lithium + Sulfuric acid → ______ + _

3. Lead + Nitric acid → _________ + _

4. Iron + _ → Iron Chloride + ______________

2. Ca +2HCl → + H2

5. K + H2SO4 →____ +

1. Sodium oxide + Nitric acid → ______ + _

3. Zinc oxide + __→ Zinc sulfate+ _

4. Barium oxide + Phosphoric acid → ______ + _

5. Magnesium oxide + Carbonic acid → ______ + _

3. FeO + H2SO4 → __ + _

1. Lithium carbonate + Nitric acid → __________ + _ + _____

2. Strontium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid → __ + Water +

3. Zinc carbonate + __________→ Zinc sulfate+ _+________________

4. Sodium carbonate + Phosphoric acid → __ + _+ water

5. Magnesium carbonate + Carbonic acid → ___________ + _ + _

1. CuCO3 +2HNO3 → __ + + H2O

2. K2CO3 +→ KCl + H2O + ____

4. MgCO3 +H2CO3 → + H2O+

1. Potassium hydroxide+ Nitric acid → ____ + _

2. Magnesium hydroxide+ _ → Magnesium chloride+ _

4. Mg(OH)2 +H2CO3 → +

5. LiOH +H3PO4 → + __