2 on}2021 eS polleon: CANONICAL AND — STANDARD Forms Mankecwns + oh rjacecen (Standard product) ia am AND teem, tonisshny of. Blecals wn vorol. form of in Prise cornplemente fovn. § repre wing wt 3h ip called as shaded. produdl > W yariobla Can be combined tp doce a winterms. uth veriabla 1 amd 4s wibexems a8: > Fox example, we hot atea ml ays fs TH PE Minbecrs he a binary variables 1» given Me Minterm udu wstatorms, 1 18 taken aa Yortablé, amd pis taken as corr ements| Madteens | oh neaberm(standerd. sum) i, om OR tenn, Conisting of Blovals in norirell bvun ov tw Be complements rem. § reseeral wang ay ot called as stomndad sum + > 0 variable, can be combined tn foe a mages. > for vrompe, with vorialb, a und gr, wt hort adaq, mastery, 28, args ary, tay > alny - | Mortem be 3 binary variables Us given ba | % cl Term Maxberm o o 9 atyt® Mo o 0 3% aye wy o 1 0 aay Mo o 1 4 Layee Aa, 1 10 0 BAY Na 1° 1 ae qe ns 110 aye | Me | | road atyee | Me | > gn mayterms, 0 te taken as varialleand vin taken adcomplemenb, | | NTE | 1 Book mogteen 4 &. complomont: d ihe Correspondig — mirtlex, oud vice versa.Micbexens — amd Mudstianyioe dah a ahny Peoleun Furition tan be experi wsivg 3 sum of winter ©9, ° product of yragtecit, + Sum ¢ minkeoms 18 allel Sum f Produel Dean (8) am dendlod by Produce ot moter in, abled Peaudl of Sum form {ros) wh dlomoted by T- | Sum_of Taku G2") Foe ool Funition com be omweded to Ary Boolean Pp bbl wn be aha, bu ve fe ‘ a a vaouk rif table. [9 srg, EE 3 Givens 4p f > ale He fia table _> Fd out Bo vnivttexers corresponding to 1 in He veal fF. 3D Combine abl. mintecms gblainel abowe wing + fBDOD ote Pura expression is ta vee iocok SoP few. ace expros comploan ont fo Ewateen wig sop frm, coveiey ynivbeen cory pording to o tet WF.For ccampla, if R= tylaa vale tye: | i t_# F riabermn oO o oO oO Mg Le tag A been aN o lo wy. | o\ \ 0 Ma, Yo o fy (*) lo 4 ° ms | ,\oo ° my, | yay \— 4) | oo Fe mag tmy 244) Gumilacly he FP we com vite, rareing decns ov Comnder 0 vault MF. QPS mot Maat GAM =flear.58). For exarraples Fo Assic, h a ¢& F pamber 0 ° ° 0 ™o ee 1k 8 ° \ ° 0 vo. o 1. ° My 1 9° =m \ oN \ mas | \ \ 0 1 —— (mip \ 1 4 \ os si Pe mamyamstmeting = 3 (4,5, 64),0) weet wie S Teh: table: > Aan F os such as possible, wail it is repro led a ie Sum “ cecain terms. Nor in eath tec fed Pe missing Rest vaxi oboe and he jngeet the missy wah ont Yoriable ox (a.x0) « wos ey Expand iy disbabae bor amd aya chan A 2 Fol an’ is Be soP form veya. For example, Fo AaBe. 5f missing “tele A(exe) sf int) Ble res ina eee sen 08 ely syst hows = ; Fae BLx \ = 3 = y > a 2 oe Lous | Gpistriodive ws = = feceABe BC Romo ve Dest feet tek emmy * mt mge +R MY ¥ 12> Grider vaio ay = spe mac MAING HN complemen 920 (Reavrarae\ > Get a blrary valve = 4, lia Sr. > Convert te detimall ° aad sorbet Fe Ala ie). subscript form forex, ABC Wg ro 2m +“| Raa af Sm (0 Fors Any Looltam funchion: coun i by | Pos. fam by > aither tr | i ac wartBeuk brut table. | () Using Po bles | > bien Pamdion F > Write Ra bath table Fund oat Bou woaterrads soettapordieg bo on val fF. > Corabine alll reacbecmt obbined Levi * aivg + (608) The Baal) ebresio71 a the reive POS Lem, a eapeess Conaplement ef-s Juvdlion user Pos Soom, Gaites iffy wroterws. corceapendinp to th veaullt fF. Rr oxanaple, £ Fe Wyle siya s eye a 4 =| 6 Nerterm ° o o-+—o eo ed A oN \ an yo ef OO 1 9 Vote | Vo ot fe ° | tt utpcP eyta tts tHst Me =o, sse) Simniladly ie F, woe Cam voile missing -lecm o cowider yin raw oF ape MaMga te =" (40%) [Wad sing Tah, HE erie od : Given. qwnaion F - /. > Sypund Fon ruc che uabil iE vepaeoatel os. peoluel of codon terms. Hip => Now iw eu tenn, fied Lo wing a nt vocal urd suet Be maicsing- \ Vosiable oh aa. | teem coulnive, | ow soxiables % °s Spa, using disbrbibive baw aund Abin | Lo auth. | > Fook apreeion bs Be P08 Lem vepieel « For erample, Fe 242 HED = pad- (ax) > Cmaider vorillerse = Gays 22) - (rat) corplonart 021 a. hee Get a binary wee = (aga) Ce?) Eo bo) | stoned ty dinall oud lange) -(oryr®)- (aty'-2) wilson suk tlt. ype for ey, niger tT (01113) sto», Fa Wout). Saisboutive Low| | | | | leboeen Cavorical_ Poems | Conversion To convert Prom one camvorital Foren fo another, ‘whevelamge agoveb § oval! wn amd fit Rene wurden, wining origivall fav ‘ For example, if Fe $ (art) 2 Fz To 2,°s, 5:6) ! f NTE: \ UT, Rasfomjbe obtaned by Jskvg neninge ot si ‘ue rans. name cyl amy My. t - ie | Stand fors: > Gunnenieall gern: Sum ff wiiber, OP Cauda. mers > Standacl fora: Sow of Srdact, AB duck of Su “AuGunmanial fems , extk toon sould cotsin a x variate (ction Complomentel ort onaiel) € $Ineffeient pA covbsin epession Con be snplfal > ba shaded ams, encherm may. entaie any onbon of ons (9 block 2 Simpltid version f Garanol bons?=7 Png boaleam exprasion on-standarel form tom be converted to shanolaval overn wing distyvbukive aor - For u, if Fe hee Fe pa shdcyABt 238 aber in | Yemeni ea) vo ™ 4 pects ABC 3 Sum of Peodact ape AxBe 5 Standard fire _Snnplemontiions Froo-la i Joona BOM | eT ben) Fe qeagety? ‘ ¢ —7 gaa a B | sa ST = i+ : at Ts lee) be. Hud bok plementation Fo Ags (p+) (non-starrdaved fem) aclvd. , Fy = x bdlige tee :| Be Ape C(ore)~ ABE CDS CE (Sandel form) Sst. foven can be senplomentee iw ahr, ahve o> F mr ep Deve $n gerd, 2 uel ioaplnrtion y peeferved betoue it produces rss ona delay vibe rignol propaga fom Be ips do adds. Hower, Be we of aps toa given gahe ight nat Be prodtical . | Ba, Lagic Ojon: | 5 Grader nevasiables (besten vetiob bs) oy 4b ule Powe a values [out) iw beth table > Wo. of poste funchion ~ af For emmiple, the A vesialls 2 amy wall hae ghana rows wba table and ate 1b fundkons possible bevocen om. Refer to Hers Homa books Ta: 55- aMedition i fon shaliong | |Sigil tg Ges a Becleam eypeasion ; AND, OF omk NOT opérations Constructing aes ge oto. by oprationn | > Faarbility and eeonortty | > Feasibility df. exlendivy gas ‘impals | > Basic papeda of binong opeation, > uildy f Bagde 40 ile boolean — frrchoms- | : famcbions one vacdas standard gee Fe 2 > lowpler vate -Nol Fes > Trunfer —euller fixe. dese ceergh) Feng “? AND $ Feary > oR Fa ay)’ > NAND fe ty) > NoR Fengleeiy 2 2OR (+84) =p Fergosig! ® Syunlince — XNOR 69)! S>— A aie tan be. orterded tn wutiple ibs, Mablile NOR => Complement of OR goke HuDtiple NAND-> Complement f @ AND opte | Crsndel NoR > POS (esaded NAND > 30PLsthve ond Negdive Laie “Tuo signl values Toe Meg vad Reaitive Logie Az), Leo Neat Logics Let, Heo. ——h ° H oy \ Feesbive Logic My I Lyi 3 To Table with Howd Lb Foe AND Gate , x lt le bE 4 Digikel Lo | bate L a H z ~ Dee oR qiteGe : Level Misia’ gation 5 Finding an ovine) pv. urd. ‘pone ation of Bolen furebons. > wilful to peeloe ronal « > s we. Compare-baneh Doge agin | > neal Mop -Hap) tone wl foe rama dege 4 diya atu - etl telhal ; “the hw dable epronibabon BY a tucker ® unique bit nat Re afyobric fecorion. Veo evn sepa vowions of a, droie erpeasion, epronenting, geumne hail vole. To mivivdge gale- Leal, we need Find the mininuen positle apron — Ai ix dak ty Ped rrenaally. The map nebod BO sunple produ b wiaioige Toole Furdlins - | So? foem Reough k- Maps Sater for coxreapording- mintecm volue for a Beolenm tgpason NO ems ef is | vena by enclosing onjcets ells corning. vo sb wontimige the sige of grasps and | ivirige T. wumabere of Qromps.. > Fest make k-Map few expression,A group yeast > Now grup & parc, sivgle contin a cells only im owley of octet, qpad, adhe book on prowl > Wee yedueek tems f. pon he aa 2 he. vaulk is daariable wap: —] avaxiables > adh Him. a. ~concel expression 2 Ae minberers , > k-Maps tee annviables (oP foem) ise = Use be reduce ak=le oh. For etample, if 0 Fe Sins) j 5 t wey P achita Fis gen Od hon we can veluce thas. s aFe yr de gr ip J. Fey TP Sovepa is Ba nivimiged cxprasio.Exot: Biot Ans: | Lion: BoNeable map > avavubles Die wnirthermns, > k-tlap foe vaciables (SOP from) 3 ‘ ee de ee 4 yz co ol Wo jo &bmy Conde , RS fo Payal ye Pays Page a \ [oe Pade hye [Paye! > Vsed te seduce 3° exp. only Sunpliby Flayd) =2 (2/9405): Sine 3 variables ave grim, We use 3 -voialle k- Map: fe de ae MW 10 he groups are! Pair (ma,mo) = #f> Pave (m4,™5) = xy) : . Simplife eppeesion of F (age) tyre Simplify Foye)= % (a, 4,bi4) 3 variables are qivn, we UB a-wviable k-tlap. a) oy \ ged? ve ge be aX on Ol NN to Since ea «TYP| The (op at: | Pair (msm) = ft | Prive (61 4) 208, -. Sivaplifad_exprosion of Fugit) = 28 yt Ee Sip F (igre) = oe) Aes | Given 3 vevidhln 3 e use 3 weable k-Hap: BE ye ye ye re a The gps ee: Quad (vo, a2 Pai (1ma,™5) = “yf - Sivnplifl exbrenion, Ed Foya= q+? _AcVaviable _yrap: “> a vasables Dara te mirkerns > k Map fow a variables (Se? fovin) is wed? 2 BF bE wa\ 99 ot \o oo [Sys] one [Re he | iG ‘ a | we Ol \jade| olye |whye |oeye" ra) (mS, |e von \v [ate Sede [hee ergs ye, ima [mn | [Me wet lo fold wig'e |wrye | orlye!Bion: | Simplify F leayse) = 80, /2.415;678, 4 12,73,14) Ane Given 4 variables, = We we 4 variables keHaps The groups ares Detet (voor ra MA) = oy Quod {omy 2,6) = wk) Buad (me, Min, Mort) = a2" 2. Simple expression d Fong?) = goe saz). | Pame impicorbs ah desing odfpeent apo 1 0 MAR, | ab) minterms df fundion ave conad. = no. of terms oppression ‘8 minimized > fog one 0 relundevit terns. +A prime immplicat Jp o product: 0m obtained by Combining, Re maximum posible wurnber of adjacent squares in kK-Map, *k g a mivlerm in 2 square is Conod by onl ome peme ‘waphast, Bom. ite eee.Bic Hak pnt implicant said ty | Hecoumple, F LloiamSr 3.8,9,1000H13 115) Wh (pay, amsider Ve Kelp: ed FEN ol oh te, oN amy [oa Tillng wap bo ong st ae Here, Bddh Be eos is: Quad fins", 3/15) = BD pessoal prime implicant, Ba (mesa, me) = 0) 4 exentiall perne pint the perme i + ints joni how aie eeapt amd wba topetion vepraenbs F. Hlapl veprawnls marking of axonal! prine \mnplicants > Map a represents ote prime implicants. > Nows, to simpli F, we need to sum the A enenbil PE. wih omy a othon PE, go Rit no wisitern is left out « $ Here, ms, ma, my axe tobe conrad ly bon FT ve Fe pp eens cb4+AD =poidd + ADAEC ; appre ls Be UAB eBprB+e AB’ a finding thor. PI, we gat“ hows hows HBe seme dundtion can be vepreaented ™ dibferent simplified Gee. fos Simi fe F (otiya) = Silo, 34/5 16144 101117, 15) Given 4 varable 3 4-voviable k- Map is used : ao?) ge 4F UF wit § Gi M to ii: nh aps axe ceket{ 7% 05,7 Mint N= 2 Quad (mo, my my, m5)= wy! Rune m4.,mg:, My me) = he Feiv( My) Mp) = wry © Simplified epprasion = 2avlghsa vind 5 waiabls SP -32 maiviberns, 2 Representing Bq Squnves becomes aeorebialy tft. >So we divide it ile amaps eodh of Ib Square, amb dhtain simplifia arprasion. > foe example, if he 5-vorciales ares A,B, 6, DamdE, fon To fest rap stpreroits A=o and 4-vdable map (iv squares) with B,C Dade, awd second was veers A=1 and gevorinDle map fb symeet) ith BC one, 2 Veuubiy as A= via ovtlags on fey ip . Ang A Spores, falling on exc othe ace considered odljacen > Rov wh Bis, Payroll agjaconce Relds. good foe tad map.> "he maps ave “epreseabedl aa: Azo Az oo ol NN 10 na we-voriable ma ¢ & group tovbains a odocon quayes kao. Sheng , | thon Rot group reduutes to (n-b) heels in | a wiviterm , ib! Swap ltRend <2 naa 4 yal, 2225-949) Ans: | Given o- voxinbles > Abe vse s-varable K-Hap: Azo PE ved ie ve ne the Guys axes a Quad (m0, mm) = ABE Quad. (ren, ™3, naa, Ma) = ACE Bund (me, "4, maa, ¥n25)) = BOE + Simplified expression FAB, CDe) = ABE 'sACE +BU'E108 fom Fel eM | > Given Foo Sov, > Fd Fin S, > Pa os fre vusniberus in 4 fF amk s br vues 1 8 of F, | ? Greoup up os 3 Express ed form's Fl, % compliment Be foal exprasion b got Fit. | © Similac 45 wnielern k-lap , we (am use vrarboun ka awl repracrit He mortem, in T ox 08 in wap ond group | ae divest Fos expression . Brot Sionpligg Fang 29) = (0,1,5.8,6/4 10/140 16) a Pos foun ass by gun F, we get F (epiu0) =45 [013.5 40, 8) a he Groups ave: Quod (01, YS M4.) = to Buack (4M, vg M4) = yefair(oto, my) = aye) Feive( ni. ,enic) = 220! Fle whoa ger syzl4 xz! | By DMogan’ lus, (F)'= (xt18) (y=) (21442) (x'v2!x-9) | 2 fe (ax) (yz) (242) (Arete) Ly simplifial Pos fore k $n prodive, ‘A sone applications tRe fonehion is ndt Specified for cortsin tombimbions of the voriabbs,. Those wopecfid vaartescrrts oct Called dot care coreditions. ¢ A donk core evil is a Combination of wool bes iohoue Degcake value. is wt speciied + The winters f dor cere corditions axe marked with xX omnd can be assume ab 0° @)\ according to maximnwm ninien gabon, Enos: Simply Bo Booltan fundion | Fla,aya= Ble 15) | uid Dos dort tare conditions | Alon 4:2) = 4(0.2,5).| ae Representing gor Fin qvavable k-Map, the groups ove" Quad (mosey fs mu) = qe Bund (sm jy ms) = ot o Sionpl fe expression F= yer soe Pau, Yaken don't cave ms 28 ar caver, 28° vere , 2 dow face Mo 289 ard dor: 4 Tho Se mme rare HE 4 cepenson ting abou f, ba grmpvg Buad (woe, "5, m2) dod Buod Lo ang,t05,°%4) » $n Bat cae dost caxe minterrn valves val differ rey £y0a Sionplily Pe Boolean Supression F(AiB,E+9) = Blr3s 10) By (01% +12) ts. Given FURBO) = 4, (v2) po lene Brad| | |} Talomoroer | | } | | te amps are’. Quad (mo, wy mM? Quad lo yay NB Mo, wna) = As! - ip oo Sivaplifed npeession: Fe Ae yep. Hee, dont cave Mo, Ma Mor ng, aK walue.\ ond dot Care mio tpkes value o - Nand amd NOR gate axe entier,to fobveate with. elbctronic comnponterbs ark ae Pu basic adie aol vw all ac deta Age dawn. Sue tb NAND] NOR — prominent, we should brow to come’ ayy ger Lumchion to MAND only or NOR only. iva Jernenitartion - HAND awd NOR we called 98 undvereal gor because omy digo! aystemn tan be inaplemented with it.NAND Corcuiss Tow ane 2 eyuiraldat: syrbeb, fx NAND. gete: (}) AND- invert (ii) reve -OR | sla impbnerttbon -NAND: , Simplify He Frunchion ud oxpress bin SOP form > Dros NAND gates for ead it tewn * Qipreasion we Bos hbeant Ponds the pads ae teal ob Be teem. ~ Produces Louch > Pros a single gate ming NAND symmbel in second Doueb, with inpus feo aitpts a 2 A teon with Single Direc, equives worker in Duals 66 Re Diboal 's | complementec , we wm divectly temmeck 0 | Duel a. —> For oy, if Fehbs cd, thin Digival_‘wjoneston _NAD- Only | | , ss Ms peed 7 8) peed e c > ae ’ @Ghee es | Smploment Flog d= (12%, 45) wth, NAND geke : To get sivmplifed gsoP hon, we use k-Map: the groups, are: Yow (ma.s™"5) = ag Taiw (mama) =m Quad (om, Mo, img) = z 4 Simplifel 80? form 4 F (mp2) 38 aa tyre - iv) By, Nous, He ovigival civoutt a me a + $x ae cs Now, WAND - on synplomentation iS, Gs) ee yo ~ 7) aetyet wa & aye oe etl AGE: germ with wae Diberall capicces woe im feats hod. SF sing’ Brercal is complomerital, 7% cam be connected died to input in second. Inve) AWD gahe .Fa Smploment F [myayie)= wala 2) using MAND. gabaa only. | es: Florip2) codte, Given F is. in simplified SOP orm. . NAND - only ‘np meritahion (rowel) 's: 2 32)" “ er 2 G2) Multilevel implemerbclion- NAND: 9 vauatly ww wie vekaton 4 / mrixedadadion- crete costains bam NAND raproels Spnp-insers invest - OR > Cowart all. Arid gates te NAND wit AnDd- inves symbol : 2 Cones all OR ates to NAND with inner -OR ayprbol > Check al bubble. i Alga . Foe every jwoble “Reb 'e nat compensate by amsbu. crcl alhig eayme bre, \nsect, am javotte * or Complement: the En: Snplementt Fe A(xB)x8C vain, NAND | ge only.hes | “the ovignall cieutl plementation of F ix: | c co eB « Atcor®) A B cl Bc | Nos, Nano -otly imylomeation wil be, | c TP Lp, ee s—f p> Soke Bot 2 mpl. is somlomarted here’ NOR _Greurts stone ore & equivalent syetbok ee | NOR gabe: * ow) eeyt?)' | ap- (i) inveyt- AND (i) OR- inet. | fe nor operon 5 Be dud) oP wand,Aro | fod mpm WOR S 5 Fellows Be. same. prociduere Ma done or Mubbiloudl - ivnplomention NOR: > Follour same prsceluve a fe HAND gat, > Heve we we invert- AND amd OR-invert qaves - Snplement F(AB,0) 2 c(Ax8) sing, alent oR only. wemertahon Givin FOABiE) is 9 singlfied, POS Aan. " NoR- wiplenentlion ie. & cts) A g 4 (Oe) obs Bot € is conplemorted ond inpat ®% gee S ENA Soploment: Fe (asda alg Coa’) ug enthalion . | NOR - only iwitet he AND-oR implementation of F is: f. fedasion)) Lat 4 mpi axe touplemented given mb input’ oR _fundhion: Jaxduive OR yoR is enpol dbo it oly ig equal tor or if oly & ey ae - dyrtel. fe ors O Dp cog et) Joy to *Bo ax AQ = 9 ioJoR wiplomeattion Wy AND-OR -NOT irsplomertatin | x hg Oy. g ry | nevarieble 10% dunction is. an odd Léon dedined ox degical. sum of Ye ae antes, ushose bimavy lace fave, am odd ruben of. Fores, a-vacable YOR > mg 1 ke s-veriable YOR > H[\,2, 4) 001, 010, 100) 11 NAND inp ew onorten, seinput odd Lacdion A 8 ¢ 3-input even, Pacion —Dap> 8 ce> Pavthy kL wan etm bt vacdidel uit a brary message PPelew rl os a The veut Bak genonden the. pr sly vb in Be dvamamibler 's caUled portly genonabor = Parihy bit cam be gonad wig YOR fundion Raviy Gremourbors _ (2) ate cum pasty gene vp" 2 (0 sch mo tasty PR