events planning, or any other activities, writing an effective speech follows certain steps or processes. The process for writing is not chronological or linear; rather, it is recursive, That ‘means you have the opportunity to repeat a writing procedure indefinitely, or produce mul rafts first before you can settle on the right one. Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram, Conducting an audience analysis Determining the purpose of the speech Selecting a topic Narrowing down a topic Gathering data Selecting a speech pattern Preparing an outline Creating the body of the speech Preparing the introduction. Preparing the conclusion Fig. 1. Speech Writing Process ‘The following are the components of the speech writing process, + Audience analysis entails looking into the profile of your target audience. Thisis done so you can tailor-fit your speech content and delivery to your audience. The profile includes the following information. + demography (age range, male-female ratio, educational background and affiliations or degree program taken, nationality, economic status, academic or corporate designations) + situation (time, venue, occasion, and size) » psychology (values, beliefs, attitucles, preferences, cultural and racial ideologies, and needs) + The purpose for writing and delivering the speech can be classified into three—to inform, to entertain, or to persuade. » An informative speech provides the audience with a clear understanding of the concept or idea presented by the speaker. + An entertainment speech provides the audience with amusement, » A persuasive speech provides the audience with well-argued ideas that can influence their own beliefs and decisions. ‘The purpose can be general and specific, Study the examples below to see the differences. + To inform Grade 11 students about the process of conducting an automated student government election Pee + To inform Grade 11 students about the definition and relevance of qe Information literacy today + To inform Grade 11 students about the importance of effective money management+ To entertain Grade 11 students with his/her funny experiences in automated election + To entertain Grade 11 students with interesting observations of people who lack information literacy + Toentertain Grade 11 students with the success stories of the people in the community + To persuade the school administrators to switch from manual to automated student government election To persuade + To persuade Grade 11 students to develop information literacy skills + To persuade the school administrators to promote financial literacy among students To entertain The topic is your focal point of your speech, which can be determined once you have decided ‘on your purpose. If you are free to decide on a topic, choose one that really interests you. There are a variety of strategies used in selecting a topic, such as using your personal experiences, discussing with your family members or friends, free writing, listing, asking questions, or semantic webbing. Narrowing down a topic means making your main idea more specific and focused. The strategies in selecting a topic can also be used when you narrow down a topic. In the example below, “Defining and developing effective money management skills of Grade 11 stuclents” is the specific topic out of a general one, which is “Effective money management.” . To inform Grade 11 stucents on the importance of effective money Scr eee management Topic Financial literacy or effective money management Effective money management Effective money management of Grade 11 students Developing an effective money management of Grade 11 students Defining and developing effective money management skills of Grade 11 students Narrowing down a topic through listing + Data gathering is the stage where you collect ideas, information, sources, and references relevant or related to your specific topic. This can be done by visiting the library, browsing the web, observing a certain phenomenon or event related to your topic, or conducting an. interview or survey. The data that you will gather will be very useful in making your speech informative, entertaining, or persuasive. + Writing patterns, in general, are structures that will help you organize the ideas related to your topic. Examples are biographical. categoricaltopical, causal, chronological. comparisorvcontrast, problem solution, and spatial,