Types Of Sentences: Simple Sentences: A simple sentence has one independent clause.

That means it has one subject and one verbalthough either or both can be compound. In addition, a simple sentence can have adjectives and adverbs. What a simple sentence can't have is another independent clause or any subordinate clauses. but they can also contain a compound subjects or verbs. For example:
1) 2) 3) Americans eat more bananas than they eat any other fruit. one subject, one verb David Letterman and Jay Leno host talk shows. compound subject, one verb My son toasts and butters his bagel.one subject, compound verb

Don't shun the simple sentenceit's no simpleton. The simple sentence served Ernest Hemingway well; with its help, macho man Ernie snagged a Nobel Prize in Literature. In the following excerpt from The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway uses the simple sentence to convey powerful emotions:

y y

The driver started up the street. I settled back. Brett moved close to me. We sat close against each other. I put my arm around her and she rested against me comfortably. It was very hot and bright, and the houses looked sharply white. We turned out onto the Gran Via. Oh, Jake, Brett said, we could have had such a damned good time together. Ahead was a mounted policeman in khaki directing traffic. He raised his baton. The car slowed suddenly pressing Brett against me.

Compound Sentences: A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses. The independent clauses can
be joined in one of two ways:

y y

With a coordinating conjunction: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so With a semicolon (;)

As with a simple sentence, a compound sentence can't have any subordinate clauses. Here are some compound sentences for your reading pleasure. Independent Clause Men are mammals Mushrooms grow in damp places The largest mammals are found in the sea Conjunction or Semicolon and so ; Independent Clause women are femammals. they look like umbrellas. there's nowhere else to put them.

You might also add a conjunctive adverb to this construction, as in this example: The largest mammals are found in the sea; after all, there's nowhere else to put them.

Complex Sentences: A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. The
independent clause is called the main clause. These sentences use subordinating conjunctions to link ideas. As you check out these examples, see if you can find the subordinating conjunctions.

y y y

Parallel lines never meet (independent clause) until (subordinating conjunction) you bend one of them (dependent clause). Many dead animals of the past changed to oil (independent clause) while (subordinating conjunction) others preferred to be gas (dependent clause). Even though (subordinating conjunction) the sun is a star (dependent clause), it knows how to change back to the sun in the daytime (independent clause). The subordinating conjunctions are until, while, and even though.

Compound-Complex Sentences: A compound-complex sentence has at least two independent clauses and at least one
dependent clause. The dependent clause can be part of the independent clause. For instance:

y y y y

When the heat comes, dependent clause I planned to drive to work, independent clause

the lakes dry up, independent clause but I couldn't independent clause

and farmers know the crops will fail. independent clause until the mechanic repaired my car. dependent clause

CONJUNCTIONS: Conjunctions are words used as joiners. Different kinds of conjunctions join different kinds of grammatical structures. The following are the kinds of conjunctions:
A. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: It join equals to one another: (FANBOYS) for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

Coordinating conjunctions usually form looser connections than other conjunctions do.

Coordinating conjunctions go in between items joined, not at the beginning or end.

Punctuation with coordinating conjunctions: When a coordinating conjunction joins two words, phrases, or subordinate clauses, no comma should be placed before the conjunction.

A coordinating conjunction joining three or more words, phrases, or subordinate clauses creates a series and requires commas between the elements.

A coordinating conjunction joining two independent clauses creates a compound sentence and requires a comma before the coordinating conjunction

B. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS: A paired conjunction (such as not only . . . but also) that links balanced words,

phrases, and clauses. The elements connected by correlative conjunctions are usually parallel--that is, similar in length and grammatical form. These are the primary correlative conjunctions in English: both . . . and either . . . or neither . . . nor not . . . but not only . . . but also

These pairs of conjunctions require equal (parallel) structures after each one.

Other pairs that sometimes have a coordinating function include the following: as . . . as just as . . . so the more . . . the less the more . . . the more no sooner . . . than so . . . as whether . . . or

C. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS: These conjunctions join independent clauses together. An adverb that indicates the relationship in meaning between two independent clauses. Unlike a conventional adverb, which usually affects the meaning of only a single word or phrase, the meaning of a conjunctive adverb (or conjunct) affects the entire clause of which it is a part. The following are frequently used conjunctive adverbs: after all also as a result besides consequently finally for example furthermore hence however in addition incidentally indeed in fact in other words instead likewise meanwhile moreover nevertheless next nonetheless on the contrary on the other hand otherwise still then therefore thus

Punctuation:

Place a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb and a comma after the conjunctive adverb.

D. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS These words are commonly used as subordinating conjunctions after although as as far as as soon as as if as though because before even if even though how if inasmuch as in case (that) in order (that) insofar as in that lest no matter how now that once provided (that) since so that supposing (that) than that though till unless until when whenever where wherever whether while why

Subordinating conjunctions also join two clauses together, but in doing so, they make one clause dependent (or "subordinate") upon the other.

A subordinating conjunction may appear at a sentence beginning or between two clauses in a sentence.

A subordinate conjunction usually provides a tighter connection between clauses than a coordinating conjunctions does. Loose: Tight: It is raining, so we have an umbrella. Because it is raining, we have an umbrella.

Punctuation Note: When the dependent clause is placed first in a sentence, use a comma between the two clauses. When the independent clause is placed first and the dependent clause second, do not separate the two clauses with a comma.