Grade 12 Biology Class Notes
Grade 12 Biology Class Notes
Ingredients:
Instructions: In Grade 12 Biology, students study the intricate details of life and living organisms. One key
topic is Genetics, which explores the structure and function of DNA and RNA.
Students learn about the central dogma of molecular biology, where DNA is transcribed into RNA and
then translated into proteins.
Understanding Mendelian inheritance patterns, such as dominant and recessive traits, is also crucial.
Another essential area is Evolution and Natural Selection, where students explore how species adapt to
their environments over time.
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is discussed, as well as the evidence supporting
evolution from fossil records to genetic similarities between species.
Cell Biology remains a significant area of study, particularly the structure of eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells.
Students learn about the function of cell organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the nucleus.
Cell division, including mitosis and meiosis, is also studied to understand how organisms grow and
reproduce.
In addition, the human body systems, such as the circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems, are
examined.
Students explore how these systems work together to maintain homeostasis. The study of diseases,
including pathogens, immunity, and vaccines, forms part of this section.
Ecology and the environment are also covered, with a focus on ecosystems, food chains, and energy
flow.
Students are encouraged to think critically about human impacts on the environment, such as pollution
and climate change.
