JOMAR Z.

BAUTISTA BSEE - V HEAT - is energy transferred from one body, region, or thermodynamic system to another due to thermal contact or thermal radiation when the systems are at different temperatures. It is often described as one of the fundamental processes of energy transfer between physical entities. - The supply of heat energy is commonly produced from combustion, a chemical reaction of exothermic nature. THERMAL ENERGY - loosely defined as the energy of a body that increases with its temperature. Thermal energy is sometimes referred to as heat, although the thermodynamic definition of heat requires it to be in transfer between two systems. HEATING VALUE or ENERGY VALUE - of a substance, usually a fuel, is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it. The energy value is a characteristic for each substance. It is measured in units of energy per unit of the substance, usually mass, such as: kJ/kg, kJ/mol, kcal/kg, Btu/lb. HIGHER HEATING VALUE - The quantity known as higher heating value (HHV) (or gross energy or upper heating value or gross calorific value (GCV) or higher calorific value (HCV)) is determined by bringing all the products of combustion back to the original pre-combustion temperature, and in particular condensing any vapor produced. LOWER HEATING VALUE - The quantity known as lower heating value (LHV) (net calorific value (NCV) or lower calorific value (LCV)) is determined by subtracting the heat of vaporization of the water vapor from the higher heating value. This treats any H2O formed as a vapor. The energy required to vaporize the water therefore is not realized as heat. ELECTRICAL ENERGY - Electric potential energy, or electrostatic potential energy, is a potential energy (measured in joules) that results from conservative Coulomb forces and is associated with the configuration of a particular set of point charges within a defined system. COULOMB - (symbol: C) is the SI derived unit of electric charge. It is defined as the charge transported by a steady current of one ampere in one second. VOLTAGE - otherwise known as electrical potential difference or electric tension (denoted V and measured in volts, or joules per coulomb) is the difference in electric potential between two points or the difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points.[1] Voltage is equal to the work which would have to be done, per unit charge, against a static electric field to move the charge between two points. AMPERE - (SI unit symbol: A), often shortened to amp, is the SI unit of electric current[1] (quantity symbol: I, i)[2] and is one of the seven[3] SI base units. It is named after Andr-Marie Ampre (1775 1836), French mathematician and physicist, considered the father of electrodynamics. WATT - is a derived unit of power in the International System of Units (SI), named after the Scottish engineer James Watt (1736 1819). The unit, defined as one joule per second, measures the rate of energy conversion. RADIANT ENERGY - is the energy of electromagnetic waves.[1] The quantity of radiant energy may be calculated by integrating radiant flux (or power) with respect to time and, like all forms of energy, its SI unit is the joule. TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY - Transforming energy is when the energy changes into another form. In physics, the term energy describes the capacity to produce changes within a system, without regard to limitations in transformation imposed by entropy. POLYTOPIC preocess - is a thermodynamic process that obeys the relation, notably the compression or expansion of a gas and in some cases liquids and solids.

ISENTROPIC process - is one in which for purposes of engineering analysis and calculation, one may assume that the process takes place from initiation to completion without an increase or decrease in the entropy of the system. ISOBARIC process - is a thermodynamic process in which the pressure stays constant.The heat transferred to the system does work but also changes the internal energy of the system. PRESSURE - (the symbol: P) is the force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure. VOLUME - is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by some closed boundary,Volume is often quantified numerically using the SI derived unit, the cubic metre. TEMPERATURE - is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. ENTHALPY - is a measure of the total energy of a thermodynamic system. It includes the internal energy, which is the energy required to create a system, Enthalpy is a thermodynamic potential. It is a state function and an extensive quantity. The unit of measurement for enthalpy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule, ENTROPY - is a thermodynamic property that can be used to determine the energy available for useful work in a thermodynamic process, such as in energy conversion devices, engines, or machines.