CSI Analysis Reference Manual For SAP2000®, ETABS®, and SAFE™ Computers and Structures, Inc. Berkeley, California, USA ‘October 2005COPYRIGHT ‘The computer programs SAP2000, ETABS, and SAFE and all associ- ated documentation are proprietary and copyrighted products. World- wide rights of ownership rest with Computers and Structures, Ine. Unli- censed use of the program or reproduction of the documentation in any form, without prior written authorization from Computers and Struc tures, Inc., is explicitly prohibited. Further information and copies of this documentation may be obtained from: Computers and Structures, Inc. 1995 University Avenue Berkeley, California 94704 USA tel: (510) 845-2177 fax: (510) 845-4096 e-mail: info@computersandstructures.com web: www.computersandstructures.com © Copyright Computers and Structures, Inc., 1978-2005, ‘The CSI Logo is a registered trademark of Computers and Structures, Inc. ‘SAP2000 is a registered trademark of Computers and Structures, Inc. ETABS is a registered trademark of Computers and Structures, Inc. ‘SAFE is a trademark of Computers and Structures, Inc Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.DISCLAIMER CONSIDERABLE TIME, EFFORT AND EXPENSE HAVE GONE. INTO THE DEVELOPMENT AND DOCUMENTATION OF SAP2000, ETABS AND SAFE. THE PROGRAMS HAVE BEEN THOROUGHLY TESTED AND USED. IN USING THE PRO- GRAMS, HOWEVER, THE USER ACCEPTS AND UNDERSTANDS, THAT NO WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED BY THE DE- VELOPERS OR THE DISTRIBUTORS ON THE ACCURACY OR THE RELIABILITY OF THE PROGRAMS. THE USER MUST EXPLICITLY UNDERSTAND THE ASSUMP- TIONS OF THE PROGRAMS AND MUST INDEPENDENTLY VER- IFY THE RESULTS.