Verbs are one of the major grammatical groups,and all sentences must contain one.Verbs refer to an action (do,break,walk,etc.

)or a state(be like own). The verb tense shows the time of the action or state.Aspect shows whether the action is completed or not.Voice is used to show relationships between the action and the people affected by it.Mood shoes the attitude of the speaker about the verb,whether it is a declaration or an order.Verbs can be affected by person and number to show agreement with the subject. The verb contain 3 types of forms:1.Present forms 2.Past forms 3.Future forms

1Present forms
A)Present simple Verbs ending in A) ss,-sh,-ch,-x,-o -> -es ex: I wach-he watches B)Consonant + y -> ies ex:I study-He studies. BUT verbs unding in a vowel(a,e,o,u)+y -> ys ex:I buy-He buys We used Present simple for: y Permanent situation or states: ex-He works in a hospital. -They own a beautiful car. y Repeated/habitual action(especially with frequency adverbs:often,usually etc.).The frequency adverbs go after the verbsto be and can but before the main verbs: Ex I usually get up at 6 oclock. y Permanent truths or laws of nature: Ex Water freezes at 0 0C. y Timetables/programmes(future meaning): Ex The film finishes at 9 p.m. y Rewiews/sport/commentaries/dramatic narrative: Ex Richard Gere acts very well in this film. B)Present Continuous y When verbs end in one stressed vowel between two consonants,we double the final consonant: Ex:swim-swimming; stir- stirring,sit-sitting BUT: ex:walk-walking,wait-waiting,open-opening y When the infinitive ends in one e we delete the e : ex:Write-writing;dive-diving We use Present Continous for: y Temporary situations: ex: They are living with Ann at present. y Actions happening at or around the moment of speaking: ex: She is looking for a better job. y Repeated actions with always expressing annoyance or criticism: ex: You are always interrupting me. y Fixed arrangements in the near future: ex We are visiting grandma on Sunday. y Changing or developing situations ex: Your English is getting better. C)Present Perfect:have/has+past participle(the 3rd form of the verb) Regular verbs-ex talk-talked-talked Irregular Verbs: ex eat-ate-eaten We use Present Perfect for: y Recently completed actions: ex: She has washed her blouse.(She has finished washing her blouse.You can see its clean now-evidence in the present). y Actions wich happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the present. ex: He has lost his keys.(He is still looking for them). y Personal experiences/changes wich have happened. Ex: Ive lost 10 kilos. y Emphasis on number. Ex: Hes written three stories this mount.

D)Present Perfect Continuous have/has been + verb +ing) Time expressions used with Present Perfect Continuous:how long,for,since. We use Present Perfect for: y Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present. Ex:Shes been listening to music for three hours. y Past actions of certain duration having visible results or effects in the present. Ex:Theyve been playing football.(They are tired). y Actions expressing anger,irritation,annoyance,explanation or criticism. Ex:Who has been using my toothbrush? y Emphasis or duration(usually with for,since or how long). Ex:Shes been packing since this morning.

2.Past forms
a)Past Simple
Regular verbs-We form the past simple of regular verbs by adding ed. Irregular verbs have a special past form: Present ex: I go,I drink,I am Past ex: I went,I drank,I was. We use Past Simple for: y Pat actions wich happened one after the other.Ex: She got up,washed and had breakfast. y Past habit or state. Ex; He used to go/went to school on foot. y Complete action or event wich happened at a stated past time. Ex:They phoned three days ago.(when?Three days ago). y Action wich happened at a definite past time although the time is not mentioned.this action is not connected with the present. Ex:Shakespeare wroute a lot of plays. y Past Simple in the equivalent of Present Simple in the Reported Speech,when the reporting verb is in the Past Tense: ex: Tom:-I am hungry.(Tom said he was hungry.) b)Past Continuous:was/were+verb+ing Time expressions used are while when,as etc. We use P.Continuous for: y An action going on at a stated past time. Ex: She was eating at 8 a.m yesterday. y A past action in progress which is interrupted by another past action. Ex: While I was watching TV mum came home. y Two or more simultaneous past actions. Ex:While mum was reading,dad was watching TV. y A description of events in a story. Ex: They were walking in the forest./the dog was barking y Past Continuous is the equivalent of Present Continuous in the Reported Speech,when the reporting verb is in the Past Tense. Ex:Tom:I am warching TV./Tom said he was watching Tv. C)Past Perfect:had+past participle(=the 3rd form of the verb). The time expressions are: for,since,already,after,just,yet,never,by.by the time etc. We use Past perfect for: y A past action wich happened before another past action or before a stated past time. Ex: She had finished the exercises by the time her mum came home. y A past action which had visible results in the past. Ex: He was in the hospital because he had an accident. y Past Perfect in the past equivalent of Present Perfect in the Report Speech,when the reporting verb is in the Past Tense. Ex: Razvan:I cant recite the poem because I have forgotten the lines. Razvan said he couldnt recite the poem because he had forgotten the lines. D)Past Perfect Countinuous:has been+verb+ing. The time expressions used are: for ,since.

We use Past Perfect Continuous for: y A past acton going on over a period of time us to a specific moment in the past. Ex:She had been working as a nurse for 10 years before she resigned. y A past action having certain duration and visible results in the past. Ex :He was tired because he had been playing football. y Past Continuous in the equivalent of Present Perfect Continuous in the Report Speech,when the reporting verb is in the Past Tense: Ex:Jon:I am going to see a dentist.My tooth has been aching for a week. Jon said he was going to see a dentist because his tooth had been aching for a week.

3.Future forms
A)Future Simple:will+verb
Time expressions used with F.Simple are:tomorrow,tonight,soon,next week.mounth/year etc. We use F.Simple for:

y On-the-spot decisions(=decisions taken at the moment od speaking). Ex: Ill take the blue one(=jaket). y Hopes,fears,threats,offers,promises,warnings,predictions,requests,comments(esp ecially with words such as:think,expect,suppose,hope,believe,know and probably): Ex: Will you help me?/You will soon be rich./Hell probably marry you soon. b)Future Continuous:will be + verb-ing. Time expressions used with F. Continuous: tomorrow, tonight,soon,next week.mounth/year. We use Future Continuous for:
y Actions going on at a certain moment in the future: Ex: Ill be walking on the beach thise time tomorrow. y Actions which are the result of a routine(instead of present Continuous). Ex;Ill be seeing tom tomorrow. y When we ask politely about peoples arrangements to see if they can do something for us or because we want to offer to do something for them. Ex:Will you be going to the supermarket?Can you buy me some tea? C)Future Perfect:will have past participle(= the 3rd form of the verb) Time expressions used with Future Perfect:before,by,by then,by the time,,until. We use Future Perfect: y Actions which will be finished before a stated future time. Ex;He will have visited Jamaica by the end of the year. D) Future Perfect Continuous:will have been+verb-ing. Time expressions used with Future Perfect Continuous :byfor. We use Future Perfect Continuous for: y Durationof an action up to a certain time in the future. y Ex;By the end of this year she will have been working here for two years. E)Be going to +verb Time expressions used with Be Going to:in two/three days;the day after tomorrow,soon,tonight. We use Be Going to for: y Actions intended to be performed in the near future. Ex;Im going to meet her tomorrow. y Planned actions or intentions. Ex;They are going to have a party on their birthday. y Evidence that something will definitely happen in the near future. Ex;She is going to have a baby. y Things we are sure about or we have already decided to do in the near future. Ex;Hes going to be promoted