What are the key features one should

locate on a derivative table?

For any given wire, the fundamental frequency of that wire is the
following function:
1
2
T
y
rl d
_

,
r: the radius of the wire
d: the density of the wire
T: the tension (force) holding the wire
l: the length of the wire
Find dy/dr assuming l, d, and T are constants.
What characteristics make a function EVEN
or ODD?
What must you always remember to do
when taking the anti-derivative, and your
solution contains natural log?
How do you find the y value of a hole?
Show the process for finding
dx
dt
when
dy
dt
=2, x = 3, and
2
36 x y
.
What do you need to be careful about when
solving for f (x) in the following equation?
( )
3
2
( ) ( ) 12 xf x x f x
Use the following information to determine an
approximation for f(5.15)
f(5)=4.5
f (5) = 1.1
(5.15, ? )
Separate the constants from the variable:
1
2
T
y r
l d

,
So
( )
2
2
or
2 2
dy T T
r
dr l d l dr

_ _


, ,
- Any location where f (x) = 0
-Any location where f (x) =
Use the tangent line:
y = 1.1(x 5) + 4.5
f(5.15) 1.1(5.15 5) + 4.5 = 4.665
f(5.15) 4.665
Use a limit!
Example:
2
3
2
3
3 1
lim , this is a hole!
9 6
3
lim , this is a vertical asymptote.
9
x
x
x
x
x
x

Use an Absolute Value!

Example:
2
2
'( )
4
( ) ln 2 4
x
f x
x
f x x C

+
Distribute the negative!
You should get the following:
( ) ( )
2
2
3
3 ( ) '( ) ( ) '( ) 2 ( ) 0 x f x f x f x xf x x f x +
NOT:
( ) ( )
2
2
3
3 ( ) '( ) ( ) '( ) 2 ( ) 0 x f x f x f x xf x x f x + +
Rewrite:
x(t)
2
y(t) = 36
2x(t)x (t) y(t) + x(t)
2
y (t) = 0
plug in your values: 2(3)x(t)(4)+(3)
2
(2) = 0
24x (t)=-18 so: x (t) = -0.75
EVEN:
f(x) = f(-x) OR y-axis symmetry
ODD:
- f(x) = f(-x), OR 180
o
rotational
symmetry to the origin.
No, no, no!
Note: when x = 3, y = 4
Give a simple definition for a function being
continuous at a given point a.
What is the average value of f(x) on the
interval [0,4], given
f(x) = -3x
2
+ 4x?
Is it possible for a function to be continuous,
yet not have a defined derivative at a point
a?
State the symmetric difference
quotient form of the derivative.
State the asymmetric difference
quotient form of the derivative.
Given c (t) = -0.125 (c(t) 750 ),
and c (0) = 900, how do you
find an approximation
for c(1) using ten steps of 0.1?
Under what condition can you apply the
Mean Value Theorem?
For a piecewise function to be differentiable
at a point a, what
two things have to be true?
( )
4
2
0
3 4
4 0
x x dx +

( ) ( )
3 2 3 2
(4) 2(4) (0) 2(0)
4
+ +

64 32 32
8
4 4
+

lim ( ) ( )
x a
f x f a

You need to check the following two things:
1) The function needs to be continuous at point a.
or:
lim ( ) ( )
x a
f x f a

2) The f (x) needs to exist at point a.

or:
lim '( ) '( )
x a
f x f a

0
( ) ( )
lim '( )
h
f x h f x
f x
h

0
( ) ( )
lim '( )
2
h
f x h f x h
f x
h

When the function is both

continuous and differentiable on
the interval given.
1) Enter c (t) into Y
1
2) Regular screen: enter 900, press enter
3) Enter: Y
1
(ANS) ( 0.1) + ANS
Use 2
nd
ENTER command to repeat ten times.
Answer: approximately 882.27
YES!
If the function has a sharp point or a
cusp, the function would be
continuous at the cusp, but the
derivative would not exist.
The rate of consumption of cheese wiz is given
by s(t) = Ce
kt

.
If the consumption doubles every 10 years,
with an initial consumption of 10,000 tons per
year, find values for C and k.
3 2
( 6) ? x dx +

1)
tan( ) ? x dx

and
2)
( ) tan( ), ?
dy
f x x
dx

State all three log rules:
What is the quotient rule?
What does the Mean Value
Theorem mean?
What two rules should you remember when
solving an expression?
When looking for the absolute
maximum or absolute minimum of a
function on a given interval, what must
you remember to do?
Cant do it straight, so FOIL it out!
( )
3 2 6 3
( 6) 12 36 x dx x x dx + + +

7 4
1
3 36
7
x x x C + + +
Plug in two data points into the given equation. These data
points are ( 0, 10 ) and (10, 20):
10 = Ce
k(0)

, 10 = C
and
20 = 10 e
k(10)
, 2 = e
10k
, ln(2) = 10k,
k =
ln(2)
10
You must remember to check the
extremes / endpoints.
( )
2
( )
( ) ,
( )
'( ) ( ) ( ) '( )
'( )
( )
g x
if f x
h x
g x h x g x h x
then f x
h x

( )
1)log ( ) log ( ) log ( )
2)log ( ) log ( ) log
3)log log ( )
d d d
d d d
b
d d
a b ab
a
a b
b
a b a
_

,
+

1) Get rid of negative exponents:

make into fractions.
2) f-a-c-t-o-r, f-a-c-t-o-r, f-a-c-t-o-r!
If the graph is differentiable, and you were to
draw a line connecting the endpoints, then
there is a point(s) somewhere on the curve
that has a tangent line that is parallel to the
secant line connecting the endpoints.
Note: the point you are looking for is
between the endpoints.
1)
ln | cos( ) | x C +
and
2)
2
2
1
or sec ( )
cos ( )
x
x
What is the derivative of a sharp
point or a cusp?
What does symmetric to the origin mean?
What does symmetric to the y-axis mean?
When taking the anti-derivative of a
function with a power of -1, what must you
remember?
What is the difference between a
right-handed Riemann Sum and a
left handed Riemann Sum?
Construct a sequence for an integral
evaluated by using 6 right-handed
rectangles of equal width on the
interval [a,b].
Construct a sequence for an integral
evaluated by using 6 left-handed
rectangles of equal width on the
interval [a,b].
State two rules for solving differential
equations (solve for y that does not contain
dy/dx).
f(x) = (3x 2)
2
(x + 5)
3
.
Find all value where f (x) = 0
Symmetric to the Origin means an ODD function.
(180 degree rotational symmetry around the origin)
Symmetric to the y-axis means an EVEN Function.
F(x) = f(-x)
Note: The two definitions above are assuming we are
dealing with functions.
Undefined, nonexistent.
f (x) =2 (3x 2)
1
(3)(x + 5)
3
+(3x 2)
2
(3)(x + 5)
2
FACTOR!
0 = (3)(3x 2)(x + 5)
2
( 2(x + 5) + (3x 2) )
0 = (3)(3x 2)(x + 5)
2
( 2x + 10 + 3x 2) )
0 = (3)(3x 2)(x + 5)
2
( 5x + 8 )
solutions: x = 2/3, -5, and -8/5
( ) ( ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( ) w f a w f a w f a w f a w f a w f b + + + + + + + + + +
note: Start one width past a and stop at b.
Right handed sum:
Left handed sum:
1) Both f(x) and f (x) must be on the same
side of the equation.
2) Only use the natural log if you have a
power of -1.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) w f a f a w f a w f a w f a w f a w + + + + + + + + + +
note: start at a, stop one width short of b.
If your anti-derivative ends up being natural log, remember
to use absolute value!
Example:
f x
x
x
f x x C
' ( ) ,
( ) l n

+
3
2 6
3
4
2 6
2
2
a b
6
b a
w

6
b a
w

a+w a+2w
What do you do/use to determine if a
the graph of a curve is or is
not a function?
What is the symmetric difference quotient?
What is it used for?
What is a Reimann Sum?
Stupid Algebra:
What is wrong with the following:
x x
2
9 3
Stupid Algebra:
What is wrong with the following:
x
x
x
2
8
8

Do the zeroes of the 2
nd
derivative
always locate points of inflection?
State 3 different forms for finding the area of the following
triangle:
What equation gives you the average value
of a given function?
Example: What is the average value of
v(t) = 4t
2
4t on the interval [-2,6]?
A
B
C
a
b
c
0
( ) ( )
lim
2
h
f x h f x h
h

+
It is used to find the derivative, or velocity,
of an function
Use the vertical line test
( )
average value on [a,b]
b
a
f x dx
b a

example:
( )
6
2
2
4 4
6 2
t t dt
average

Must cancel an x in both terms:

x
x
x
x
2
8 8

,
you can test with numbers!
2 8
2
2 8
2

Cant take the square root like that! You can test using
numbers:
2 9 2 3
5 1
2


Use one of the following:
1
sin( )
2
1
sin( )
2
1
sin( )
2
ab C
ac B
cb A
NO!
You need to make a 2
nd
derivative table to determine if
there is, in fact, a change in concavity.
f(2) is not a point of inflection, f(6) is
When you create a sum of a
series of rectangles or
trapezoids to find the area
under a curve.
f(x
)
f (x
)
2 6
0 0 >0 >0 <0
What conditions must be met so that the following
function would be differentiable
on the interval [-10,10]?
4
, 2
( )
, 2
x a x
f x
bx x

'

+ <

If f (x) = x
3
(x-4)(x+4)
2
, then where
does f(x) have points of inflection?
2
1
( 4) ?
x
d
t dt
dx

What is the difference between the

following:
1
2 2
1
and ( 4) ( 4)
x
x
d
t dt
dx
d
t dt
dx


What is the symmetric form of f (e)
given that f (x) = tan(e
x
) ?
What is the difference between
the following:
f x d x a n d f x d x
a
b
b
a
( ) ( ) ?

What are the equations for the volume
and surface area of a cylinder?
Given:
log (2) , log (6) , log (15)
c c c
A B C ,
Find
log (5)
c
in terms of A, B, and C
f (x) = 0 at -4, 0, and 4:
Check table, points of inflection
are at x = 0 and x = 4 only
f (x) and f (x) must be continuous at x = 2:
or
16 + a = 2b and 4(2)
3
= b,
b =32
a = 2(32) 16 = 48
(2)(15)
log (5) log
6
log (2) log (15) log (6)
c c
c c c
A C B
_


,

+ +
( ) ( )
tan tan
'( ) lim
2
e h e h
h o
e e
f e
h
+

1
2
2 2
1
2
=
( 4)
( 4) ( 4)
( 4)
x
x
d
t dt
dx
d
t dt x
dx
x

V = r
2
h
SA = 2r
2
+ 2rh
They would have the same solutions,
except
f x d x
a
b
( )

would have the

opposite answer to
f x d x
b
a
( )

Example:
if
f x d x
a
b
( )

=12, then
f x d x
b
a
( )

=-12
2 2
1
( 4) ( 4)
x
x
d
t dt
dx

0 0 0
-4
0 4
f(x)
f (x)
>0 >0 <0 >0
The following integral was written to find
the volume created by rotating region R
360 degrees around the line y = 3.
What is wrong with it?
The following integral was written to find
the volume created by rotating region R
360 degrees around the line y = 3.
What is wrong with it?
The following integral was written to find
the volume created by rotating region R
360 degrees around the line y = 3.
What is wrong with it?
The following integral was written to find
the volume created by rotating region R
360 degrees around the line x = 2.
What is wrong with it?
The following integral was written to find
the volume created by rotating region R
360 degrees around the line x = 2.
What is wrong with it?
The following integral was written to find
the volume created by rotating region R
360 degrees around the line x = 2.
What is wrong with it?
The following integral was written to find
the volume created by rotating region R
360 degrees around the line x = 2.
What is wrong with it?
The following integral was written to find
the volume created by rotating region R
360 degrees around the line y = 3.
What is wrong with it?
R
y = 3
5.26
f(x) = 3
(x-4)
-4
( ) ( )
5.26 2
2
4
0
3 4 3
x
dx

R
y = 3
5.26
f(x) = 3
(x-4)
-4
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
5.26
4
0
3 3 4 3
x
dx

R
y = 3
5.26
f(x) = 3
(x-4)
-4
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 5.26
2
4
0
0 3 4 3
x
dx

R
y = 3
5.26
f(x) = 3
(x-4)
-4
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 5.26
2
4
0
3 3 4 3
x
dx

f(x) = 3
(-x-4)
-4
R
x = 2
-5.26
( ) ( ) ( )
0
4
5.26
2 2 0 3 4
x
x dx

f(x) = 3
(-x-4)
-4
R
x = 2
-5.26
( ) ( )
0
4
5.26
2 2 0 3 4
x
x dx

f(x) = 3
(-x-4)
-4
R
x = 2
-5.26
( ) ( )
0
4
5.26
2 2 3 4
x
x dx

f(x) = 3
(-x-4)
-4
R
x = 2
-5.26
( ) ( ) ( )
0
4
5.26
2 2 0 3 4
x
x dx

This integral is based upon the idea of finding the area

contained between two concentric circles. The
larger circle would have a radius of 3 f(x).
It has to be the distance from y = 3
down to the function.
This integral is based upon the idea of finding the area
contained between two concentric circles. You cannot find
that area by just subtracting the two radii.
(r
1
)
2
- (r
2
)
2

(r
1
r
2
)
2
This integral is based upon the idea of finding the area
contained between two concentric circles. The
larger circle would have a radius of 3 f(x).
It has to be the distance from y = 3
down to the function, not zero.
This integral is based upon the idea of a series of cylinders.
The lateral area of the cylinder is
Given by 2 rh. h is the height of the cylinder, which is
measured from the x-axis down to the function. You need
to group the function to make sure you are subtracting the
entire function from zero.
This integral is based upon the idea of a series of cylinders.
The lateral area of the cylinder is
Given by 2 rh. r is the distance from the center of rotation
(x = 2) and the wall of your cylinder (x).
You always measure length on a graph
from right to left.
Nothing, this one is correct!
This integral is based upon the idea of a series of cylinders.
The lateral area of the cylinder is
Given by 2 rh. h is the height of the cylinder, which is
measured from the x-axis down to the function. You need
to group the function to make sure you are subtracting the
entire function from zero.
Nothing, this one is correct!
( ) ( )
( )
2 5.26
2
4
0
3 3 4 3
x
dx

( ) ( )
( )
2 5.26
2
4
0
3 3 4 3
x
dx

Note the extra the 3

( ) ( )
( )
2 5.26
2
4
0
3 3 4 3
x
dx

Note: The 0 is changed to 3

( ) ( ) ( )
0
4
5.26
2 2 0 3 4
x
x dx

Change radius to ( 2 x )
( ) ( ) ( )
0
4
5.26
2 2 0 3 4
x
x dx

Note: insert
( ) ( ) ( )
0
4
5.26
2 2 0 3 4
x
x dx

Note: 0 was left out, and group with

parentheses
Keep the two radii separate
There is a third common limit form of
the derivative. In other words, a form
that is not the asymmetric or
symmetric difference form. What is
this third form?
For the following:
a < b < c,
( ) 4 and ( ) 12,
c a
a b
f x dx f x dx

find
5 ( )
c
b
f x dx

What equation is used to find the length of a

continuous differentiable curve on the
interval [a.b]?
Under what conditions can you use
LHopitals rule?
What is the difference between the
following two statements:
( )
1
( ) cos( )
x d
f x t dt
dx

and
( )
3
1
( ) cos( )
x d
f x t dt
dx

Complete the following:

2
0
1 cos( )
lim ?
x
x
x x

+
Complete the following:
2
0
sin( )
lim ?
x
x
x
+

If y = kx + 7 is tangent to the graph of
f(x) = 3x
3
+ cos(x), what two (2)
conditions must be true?
Change
12 ( ) 12 to ( )
a b
b a
f x dx f x dx


a
b
c
-12
4
?
Answer:
16, so:
5 80
( )
5 ( ) ( )
c
b
c c
b b
f x dx
f x dx f x dx

( ) ( )
lim '( )
x a
f x f a
x a
f a

Note: This is another form of a slope between
two points that are very close together. You
know these two points are close together b/c of
the limit xa
1) They must share a common slope:
k = 9x
2
sin(x)
2) The must share a common point:
kx + 7 = 3x
3
+ cos(x)
( )
1
( ) cos( ) cos( )
x d
f x t dt
dx
x

( )
3
1
2 3
( ) cos( ) 3 cos( )
x d
f x t dt x
dx
x

When you are taking a limit, and you

are getting either

or
0
0
Use LHopitals Rule
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
sin( )
lim
cos( )
lim
2
x
x
x
x
x
x
+
+

Use LHopitals Rule
2
0
0
0
0
sin( ) 0
0
1 2 1
1 cos( )
lim
lim
x
x
x
x
x
x x

+
( )
2
1 '( )
b
a
f x dx +

note: If you find the antiderivative, plug in x

3
and 1,
then take the derivative, you get the extra 3x
2

in front
of the cos( )!
If y = 4sin
-1
(3x
2
),
find dy/dx
(2 ) ? xcos x dx

Show how to find the derivative of :

2
log (5 ) x
= f(x)
What are the derivatives of:
1) f(x) = arcsin(x)
2) f(x) = arcos(x)
Integration by parts!
(2 ) xcos x dx

f(x) = x, f (x) = 1,
g(x) = 0.5sin(2x), g (x) = cos(2x)
1 1
sin(2 ) sin(2 )
2 2
1 1
sin(2 ) cos(2 )
2 4
x x x dx
x x x C

+ +

4
24
1 9
dy x
dx
x

1)
2
1
1 x
2)
2
1
1 x

Use logarithmic differentiation:

( )
2 5
( ) ln(2) ln(5 )
5
'( ) ln(2)
5
1
'( )
ln(2)
f x
x
f x x
f x
x
f x
x

Note: ln(2) is
a number,
therefore its
derivat8ive is