CONTIBUTIONS OF BHASKARA I

AND BHASKARA II
A GLIMPSE INTO ANCIENT INDIAN MATHEMATICS
PRESENTATION BY;
KIRTI MAT/23/69
INTRODUCTION
•Importance of Mathematics in Ancient India:
•India had a rich tradition of mathematics dating back to ancient
times.
•Development of the numeral system, including the concept of
zero.
•Overview of Bhaskara I and II:
•Key figures in the evolution of mathematical concepts.
•Their works laid the groundwork for future advancements.
 BHASKARA 1 - BACKGROUND
oBirth and Early Life:
•Estimated to be born around 600 CE in India, likely
in the region of present-day Kerala.
•Influenced by earlier mathematicians such as
Aryabhata.
oHistorical Context:
•The period marked significant advancements in
mathematics and astronomy in India.
•Worked within a community that valued practical
applications of mathematics in astronomy.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF BHASKARA I
•Mathematical Works:
•Authored the "Līlāvatī," a treatise aimed at teaching arithmetic through practical
problems.
•Developed trigonometric concepts; introduced the sine function, defining its values
in a systematic manner.
•Astronomical Contributions:
•Created tables for sine values, which improved calculations for eclipses and
planetary motions.
•Contributed to methods for calculating the timing of celestial events, enhancing
navigational techniques.
BHASKARA I - LEGACY
•Influence on Mathematics:
•His work inspired later mathematicians, including Bhaskara II, and
influenced Islamic mathematicians during the medieval period.
•Historical Significance:
•His methods were pivotal in the transition from Vedic to classical
Indian mathematics, integrating geometry and trigonometry.
 BHASKARA II – BACKGROUND
•Birth and Early Life:
•Born in 1114 CE in Bijapur, Karnataka.
•Belonged to a family of mathematicians; his father,
Maheshvara, was also noted for his contributions.
•Historical Context:
•Flourished during a time of significant cultural and
intellectual exchange in medieval India.
•His work coincided with the rise of the
Vijayanagara Empire, fostering a conducive
environment for scholarship.
MAJOR WORKS OF BHASKARA II
•Key Texts:"Lilavati": A comprehensive mathematics text addressing
arithmetic, geometry, and problem-solving.
• Written as a dialogue between a father and daughter, making it accessible and
engaging.
•"Bijaganita": Focuses on algebra, introducing innovative methods for
solving linear and quadratic equations, and exploring concepts like
permutations and combinations.
•"Karanakutuhala": An astronomical treatise that deals with calculations
related to eclipses, planetary positions, and time measurement.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO MATHEMATICS
•Innovations: demonstrated an understanding of
zero as a number, allowing for advanced calculations.
•Developed techniques for solving quadratic
equations, providing systematic approaches still used
today.
•Introduced rules for calculating areas and volumes,
including the area of a triangle and the volume of
solids.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTRONOMY
•Astronomical Calculations:Created precise methods for
predicting the positions of celestial bodies, enhancing
navigational practices.
•Proposed the concept of a "day" as a unit of time,
facilitating accurate timekeeping in astronomical
observations.
•His works were essential in the development of the Indian
calendar systems.
BHASKARA II- LEGACY
•Impact on Later Mathematics:
•His approaches to algebra laid foundational concepts for later Indian
mathematicians and influenced European mathematicians during the
Renaissance.
•Recognition:
•Considered one of the greatest mathematicians of the medieval
period, his works continue to be studied for their insights and
methodologies.
COMPARISON OF BHASKARA I AND
BHASKARA II
SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES
Both mathematicians made significant Bhaskara I focused more on trigonometry
advancements in arithmetic, algebra, and and astronomical calculations, while
astronomy. Bhaskara II expanded into algebra.
Their works emphasized practical Their historical contexts shaped their
applications and teaching methodologies. contributions: Bhaskara I in an earlier,
formative period and Bhaskara II in a more
developed, integrative scholarly
environment.
CONCLUSION
•Summary of Contributions:
•Both Bhaskara I and II revolutionized mathematics and astronomy with their
innovative ideas.
•Continuing Relevance:
•Their works underscore the importance of ancient knowledge and its influence
on modern mathematics.
•Call to Action:
•Encourage the study of ancient texts to appreciate the foundations of modern
mathematical concepts.
REFRENCES
•Books:
•"The History of Mathematics: A Brief Course" by Roger L. Cooke.
•"Mathematics in India" by Kim Plofker.
•Articles:
•Various academic articles on the contributions of Bhaskara.
•Online Resources:
•Websites such as the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
THANK YOU

-PPT BY
KIRTI
MAT/23/69