INTRODUCTION TO MATH

OF MEDIEVAL INDIA
 Overview
Indian mathematicians developed some of the
most important concepts in mathematics, including
place-value numeration and zero. By developing
new techniques in arethmetic, algebra, and
trigonometry, medieval Indian mathematicians
help make modern science and technology
possible.
 INDIAN MATHEMATICS
Also known as Hindu Mathematics.
Indian mathematics emerged in the
Indian subcontinent from 1200 BC until
the end of the 18th century.
 THE NUMBER SYSTEM
INDIAN SYSTEM ARAB FIGURES (INDIAN)

UNITS 1

TENS 10

HUNDREDS 100

THOUSANDS 1, 000

TEN THOUSANDS 10, 000

LAKHS 1,OO, 000

TEN LAKHS 10, 00, 000

CRORES 1, 00, 00, 000

TEN CRORES 10, 00, 00, 000

ARAB 1, 00, 00,00, 000

HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS IN INDIA

Vedic
Classical
Born in 1800s
VEDIC MATHEMATICIAN
BAUDHAYANA, (fl. c. 800 BCE )
He was an Indian mathematician, who was most likely also a
priest.
Author of the earliest Sulba Sutra- appendices to the Vedas
giving rules for the constructio of altars- called the Baudhayana
Sulbsutra, which contained everal important mathematical
results.
He is older thn the famous mathematician Apastambha. He
belongs to the Yajurveda school.
He is accredited with calculating the value of pi to some degree
of precision, and with discovering what is now known as the
Pythagorean theorem.
KATYAYANA ( c. 3rd century C)
He was a Sanskrit grammarian, mathematician and
Vedic priest who lived in ancient India.
He composed one of the later Sulba Sutras.
A series of nine texts on the geometry of altar
constructions, dealing with rectngles, right-sided
triangles, rhombuses, etc.
YAJNAVALKYA
He was a legendary sage of Vedic India.
Author of the Shatapatha Brahmana.
Important contributions to both philosophy, including
the apophatic teaching of 'neti neti', and to
astronomy.
Describing the 95-year cycle to synchronize the
motions of the sun and the moon.
 CLASSICAL
MATHEMATICIAN
ARYABHATA (476-550 CE)
Aryabhata was born in 476 BC in Taregna which is a
smll town in Bihar, India, about 30 km (19 mi) from
Patna.
He was the first in the line of great
mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of
Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy.
His most famous works are the Aryabhatiya (499 CE,
when he was 23 years old) and the Arya-siddhanta.
 Aryabhata II (c.920-c. 1000)
He was n Indian astronomer, and the author of the
Maha-Sidhhanta. The numeral II is given to him to
distinguish him from the earlier and more influential
Aryabhata.
He worked on topics related to mathematical astronomy
as like the longitudes of the planets, lunar and solar
eclipses, the estimation of eclipses, the lunr crescent,
the rising and setting of the planets, association of the
planets with each other and with the stars.
 He worked on geometry, geography and
algebra, which were applied to calculate the
longitudes of the planets. In about twenty verses
in the treatise, he gives elaborate rules to solve
the indeterminate equation: by=ax+c.
He played a vital role in it by constructing a sine
table, which w accurate up to five decimal
places.
BHASKARA (c. 600-c. 680)
He was born at Bori, in Parbhani district of
Maharashta state in India in 7th century.
Bhaskara is considered th most important scholar of
Aryabhata's astronomical school.
He was apparently the first to write numbers in the
Hindu-Arabic decimal system with a circle for the zero.
He gave a unique and remarkable rational
approximation of the sine function in his commentary
on Aryabhata's work.
BRAHMAGUPTA (598-668 CE)
Brahmagupta was the first to use the zero as a
number. He give rules to compute with zero.
He used negative numbers and zero for computing.
The modern rule that two negative numbers
multiplied together equals a positive number firts
appears in Brahmasputasiddhanta.
He gave the solution of the general linear equation.
 Four fundamental operations (addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division) were known to many cultures before
Brahmagupta. This current system is based on the Hindu Arabic
number system and first appeared in Brahmasputa siddhanta.
Brahmasphutasiddhanta is the very first book that mentions
zero as a number, hence Brahmagupta is considered as the man
who found zero.
He gave rules of using zero with negative and positive numbers.
Brahmagupta's most famous result in geometry in his formula
for cyclic quadrilaterals. Given the lenghts of the sides of any
cylic quadrilateral, Brahmgupta gave an approximate and an
exact formula for the area.
BHASKARA II (1114-1185)
He was born near Vijjadavida (Bijapur in modern
Karnataka).
His main work Siddhanta Shiromani which is divided
into four parts called Lilavati, Bijaganita, Grahaganita
and Goladhyaya.
He is particularly known in the discovery of the
principles of differential calculus and its application to
astronomical problems and computations.
Preliminary concept of mathematical analysis.
 Preliminary concept of infinitesimal calculus, along with
notable contributions towards integral calculus.
Stated Rolle's theorem, a special case of one f the most
important theorems in analysis, the mean value theorem.
Traces of the general mean value theorem are also found
in his work.
Bhaskara's arithmetic text Lilavati covers the topics of
definitions, arithmetical terms, interest computation,
arithmetical and geometrical progressions, plane
geometry, solid geometry, the shadow of the gnomon,
methods to solve indeterminate equations, and
combinations.
BORN IN 19800s
Ramchundra (1821-1880)

He was British India's first major mathematician.

His book, Treatise on Problems of Maxima and Minima,
was promoted by the prominent mathematician
Augustus De Morgan.
 Ganesh Prasad 91876-1935)
He was an Indian mathematician who specialized in the theory
of potentials, theory of functions of a real variable, Fourier series
and the theory of surfaces.
He was trained at the Universities of Cambridge and Gottingen
and on return to India he helped develop the culture of
mathematical research in India.
The mathematical community of India considers Ganesh Prasad
as the Father of Mathematical Research in India.
He was also an educator taking special interest in the
advancement of primary education in the rural areas of India.
Srinivasa Ramanujan (22 December 1887-26 April
1920)
He was an Indian mathematician and autodidact who,
with almost no formal training in pure mathematics,
made extraordinary contributions to mathematical
analysis, number theory, infinite series and continued
fractions.
He was Independently compiled nearly 3900 results
during his short lifetime.
 CONTRIBUTION OF INDIA
IN WORLD MATHEMATICS
SHAHANEY MAGLASANG
JUNRY MALABON
LEDY MICHELLE MANZO
CRESHEL MARIBOJO
EMELYN MOJADO