FINITE

GEOMET
RY OF
YOUNG
Presenter
LEIZEL E. MANAGAT
Young’s Finite
Geometry
Biography
Axioms
Model(Consistency &
Independence)
Theorems
GET TO KNOW YOUNG
o Born in 1773 in Sommerset, England
o Very intelligent child, learning to read at age 2
o In 1793, he studied medicine in London and became a
physician
o Moved on to studying light and introduced the original
story of color
o In 1816, he helped ascertain the precise length of the
seconds or seconds pedulum
o He was one of the first to try deciphering Egyptian
hieroglyphs by studying the Rosetta Stone
o First to define ‘energy’ in scientific terms
o His description of elasticity came to be known as Young’s
Modulus
o He established a finite geometry
Finite Geometry of Young 3
Geometry of Young
 Young’s geometry is a finite geometry which is no
longer self-dual. It can be obtained from Fano’s
geometry by a modification of the last axiom.
 Young’s geometry is a finite geometry of nine points
and twelve lines.
 Axiom 1
Axioms For There exists at least one line.
Axiom 2
Young’s Every line of the geometry has exactly three
points on it.
Geometry Axiom 3
Not all points of the geometry are on the same
line.
Axiom 4
For two distinct points, there exists exactly one line
on both of them.
Axiom 5
If a point does not lie on a given line, then there
exists one line on that point that does not intersect
the given line. 5
Model for Consistency
Axiom 1: There exists at least one line.
Axiom 2: Every line of the geometry has
exactly three points on it.
Axiom 3: Not all points of the geometry are on
the same line.
Axiom 4: For two distinct points, there exists
exactly one line on both of them.
Axiom 5: If a point does not lie on a given line,
then there exists exactly one line on that point
that does not intersect the given line.
 Model for Independence
• Axiom 1: There exists at least one line.
• Negation: There exists at least one point.
• Axiom 2: Every line of the geometry has exactly three points on it.
• Axiom 3: Not all points of the geometry are on the same line.
• Axiom 4: For two distinct points, there exists exactly one line on both of them.
• Axiom 5: If a point does not lie on a given line, then there exists exactly one line
on that point that does not intersect the given line.

L
 Model for Independence
Axiom 1: There exists at least one line.
Axiom 2: Every line of the geometry has exactly three
points on it.
Negation: Every line of the geometry has exactly A B
two points on it.
Axiom 3: Not all points of the geometry are on the same
line. C D
Axiom 4: For two distinct points, there exists exactly one
line on both of them.
Axiom 5: If a point does not lie on a given line, then there
exists exactly one line on that point that does not
intersect the given line.
 Model for Independence
Axiom 1: There exists at least one line.
Axiom 2: Every line of the geometry has exactly three points
on it.
Axiom 3: Not all points of the geometry are on the same line.
Negation: All points of the geometry are on the
same line.
Axiom 4: For two distinct points, there exists exactly one line
on both of them. A B C
Axiom 5: If a point does not lie on a given line, then there
exists exactly one line on that point that does not
intersect the given line.
 Model for Independence
Axiom 1: There exists at least one line.
Axiom 2: Every line of the geometry has exactly three
points on it. G
Axiom 3: Not all points of the geometry are on the same
line.
Axiom 4: For two distinct points, there exists exactly one
line on both of them. E F
Negation: : There exists two distinct points with
no line on both of them.
Axiom 5: If a point does not lie on a given line, then there
exists exactly one line on that point that does not intersect
H
the given line.
 Model for Independence
Axiom 1: There exists at least one line.
Axiom 2: Every line of the geometry has exactly three A E B
points on it.
Axiom 3: Not all points of the geometry are on the same G H
line.
Axiom 4: For two distinct points, there exists exactly one C
F D
line on both of them.
Axiom 5: If a point does not lie on a given line, then there
exists exactly one line on that point that does not intersect
the given line.
Negation: If a point does not lie on a given line, then
there exist exactly one line on that point that intersects
the given line.
 Theorems In Young’s Geometry
T1 For every point, there is a line not on
that point.
T2 For every point, there are exactly 4 lines
on that point.
T3 Each line is parallel to exactly 2 lines.
T4 There are exactly 12 lines.
T5 There are three lines, no two of which
intersect.
T6 There are exactly 9 points.
Finite Geometry of Young 12
Theorem 1:
For every point, there is a line not on that point.

P  
Proof:
•  
P
 

   
 

 
Theorem 2:
For every point, there are at least four lines on that
point.
 Proof:
•   l1 l2

l4 P

   
 

l3
Theorem 2.1:
For every point, there are exactly four lines on that
point.
Proof
•  
l5
Theorem 3:
Each line is parallel to at least two lines.
 Proof:
•    

 
 

 
 

 
     
Theorem 3.1:
Each line is parallel to exactly two lines.
Proof:
•  

 
 Theorem 4:There are exactly 12 lines.
Proof:
 
Theorem 5

There is a set of 3 lines, no two of which intersect.

Proof:
 
 
 

P
•    

 
 Theorem 6: There are exactly 9 points.
Proof:
 
Finite Geometry of Young

It is a finite geometry of nine

points and twelve lines.

Finite Geometry of Young 27

Thank you!