2024 한국학교 1학년 1학기

중간고사 내신대비

1주차 숙제

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.( )

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이름
숙제장

2
 목차
1. 어휘1단계_NORMAL..................5

2. 어휘1단계_HARD.......................6

3. 어휘2단계_NORMAL..................7

4. 어휘2단계_HARD.......................8

5. 어휘3단계_NORMAL..................9

6. 어휘3단계_HARD.....................10

7. 내용일치(한)_NORMAL ............11

8. 내용일치_NORMAL..................12

9. 내용일치_HARD.......................13

10. 밑줄의미_NORMAL................14

11. 함축의미_NORMAL................15

12. 빈칸추론_NORMAL................16

13. 빈칸추론_HARD.....................17

14. 추론_NORMAL ......................18

15. 추론_HARD ...........................19

16. 추론불가_NORMAL................20

17. 추론불가_HARD.....................21

18. 순서_NORMAL ......................22

19. 순서_HARD ...........................23

20. 삽입_NORMAL ......................24

21. 주제_NORMAL ......................25

22. 제목_NORMAL ......................26

23. 요지_NORMAL ......................27

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숙제장
24. 연결어_NORMAL...................28

25. 연결어_HARD........................29

26. 요약_NORMAL ......................30

27. 어법1단계_NORMAL..............31

28. 어법2단계_NORMAL..............32

29. 어법2단계_HARD...................33

30. 빈칸암기_NORMAL................34

31. 빈칸암기_HARD.....................35

32. 어휘종합_NORMAL................36

33. 내용종합_NORMAL................38

34. 영작1_NORMAL ....................40

35. 영작1_HARD .........................41

36. 영작2_NORMAL ....................42

37. 영작2_HARD .........................43

38. 동반의어_NORMAL................44

39. 동반의어문제1_NORMAL........45

40. 동반의어문제2_NORMAL........47

41. 영영정의_NORMAL................49

42. 영영정의문제_NORMAL..........50

43. 요약문_NORMAL...................51

44. 커스텀_NORMAL...................52

45. 실전모의고사 1회....................53

정답 및 해설.................................55

4
1. 어휘1단계_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the (1)❮ ⓐ worst / ⓑ best ❯ is recognized and the
rest are overlooked. The provision of timely, (2)❮ ⓐ constructive / ⓑ destructive ❯ feedback to participants on performance is an
asset that some competitions and contests offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to
information about whether the participant is an (3)❮ ⓐ award- / ⓑ penalty- ❯ or prizewinner. The provision of that type of
feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating (4)❮ ⓐ superior / ⓑ inferior ❯ performance but not
necessarily (5)❮ ⓐ mediocrity / ⓑ excellence ❯. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating" others.
The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a (6)❮ ⓐ beneficial / ⓑ detrimental ❯ effect of competition.
Performance feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about
performance can be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly (1)❮ ⓐ logical / ⓑ irrational ❯ choices that people
make do not seem so (2)❮ ⓐ wise / ⓑ foolish ❯ after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin
monkeys, lived very close to the (3)❮ ⓐ center / ⓑ margin ❯ of survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have
uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced (4)❮ ⓐ frequent / ⓑ rare ❯ periods of drought and (5)❮ ⓐ freezing / ⓑ melting ❯.
When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more difference than a slight
(6)❮ ⓐ upturn / ⓑ decline ❯. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they
regularly make choices designed to produce not the (7)❮ ⓐ worst / ⓑ best ❯ opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply
of food but, instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong
motivation to avoid falling below the (8)❮ ⓐ level / ⓑ peak ❯ that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't
(9)❮ ⓐ agonized / ⓑ relaxed ❯ over losses and instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been
more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor.

5
숙제장
2. 어휘1단계_Hard
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the (1)❮ ⓐ best / ⓑ worst ❯ is recognized and the
rest are (2)❮ ⓐ acknowledged / ⓑ overlooked ❯. The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance
is an (3)❮ ⓐ liability / ⓑ asset ❯ that some competitions and contests offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many,
this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback
can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating (4)❮ ⓐ inferior / ⓑ superior ❯ performance but not necessarily (5)❮
ⓐ excellence / ⓑ mediocrity ❯. The (6)❮ ⓐ best / ⓑ worst ❯ competitions promote (7)❮ ⓐ mediocrity / ⓑ excellence ❯, not just
winning or "beating" others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a (8)❮ ⓐ beneficial / ⓑ detrimental
❯ effect of competition. Performance feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback.
Information about performance can be very (9)❮ ⓐ unhelpful / ⓑ helpful ❯, not only to the participant who does not win or
place but also to those who do.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary (1)❮ ⓐ failure / ⓑ success ❯, many of the seemingly (2)❮ ⓐ rational / ⓑ irrational ❯
choices that people make do not seem so (3)❮ ⓐ wise / ⓑ foolish ❯ after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-
day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the (4)❮ ⓐ margin / ⓑ center ❯ of survival. Paleontologists who study early human
civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced (5)❮ ⓐ frequent / ⓑ rare ❯ periods of (6)❮ ⓐ drought / ⓑ
abundance ❯ and (7)❮ ⓐ thawing / ⓑ freezing ❯. When you are living on the (8)❮ ⓐ security / ⓑ verge ❯ of starvation, a slight
downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in
hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for
obtaining a (9)❮ ⓐ scarce / ⓑ hyperabundant ❯ supply of food but, instead, the least danger of ending up with an (10)❮ ⓐ
insufficient / ⓑ adequate ❯ supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation to (11)❮ ⓐ encounter / ⓑ avoid
❯ falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't (12)❮ ⓐ agonized / ⓑ delighted ❯
over losses and instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to (13)❮ ⓐ lose /
ⓑ win ❯ out and never become anyone's ancestor.

6
3. 어휘2단계_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance (1)❮ ⓐ concealments / ⓑ exhibitions ❯ where the best is (2)❮ ⓐ
acknowledged / ⓑ ignored ❯ and the rest are overlooked. The (3)❮ ⓐ withholding / ⓑ supply ❯ of timely, (4)❮ ⓐ beneficial / ⓑ
destructive ❯ feedback to participants on performance is an (5)❮ ⓐ liability / ⓑ advantage ❯ that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is (6)❮ ⓐ limited / ⓑ unlimited ❯ to information about whether
the participant is an award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be (7)❮ ⓐ misunderstood / ⓑ perceived ❯
as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions (8)❮ ⓐ
discourage / ⓑ encourage ❯ excellence, not just winning or "beating" others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically
see as fostering a (9)❮ ⓐ harmful / ⓑ beneficial ❯ effect of competition. Performance feedback requires that the program go
beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can be very (10)❮ ⓐ useless / ⓑ useful ❯,
not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary (1)❮ ⓐ achievement / ⓑ failure ❯, many of the seemingly (2)❮ ⓐ rational / ⓑ illogical
❯ choices that people make do not seem so (3)❮ ⓐ sensible / ⓑ unwise ❯ after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and
modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the (4)❮ ⓐ center / ⓑ edge ❯ of survival. Paleontologists who study early
human civilizations have (5)❮ ⓐ revealed / ⓑ concealed ❯ evidence that our ancestors faced (6)❮ ⓐ rare / ⓑ regular ❯ periods of
drought and freezing. When you are living on the (7)❮ ⓐ midst / ⓑ brink ❯ of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves
makes a lot more difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have
(8)❮ ⓐ lost / ⓑ found ❯ that they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a
hyperabundant supply of food but, instead, the least (9)❮ ⓐ safety / ⓑ risk ❯ of ending up with an (10)❮ ⓐ ample / ⓑ inadequate
❯ supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong (11)❮ ⓐ drive / ⓑ apathy ❯ to avoid falling below the level that will
feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't (12)❮ ⓐ rejoiced / ⓑ worried ❯ over losses and instead had taken too
many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor.

7
숙제장
4. 어휘2단계_Hard
샘플1

Here's the modified passage with synonyms, antonyms, and numbered brackets:

(1)❮ ⓐ Cooperative / ⓑ Rivalrous ❯ activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is (2)❮ ⓐ
acknowledged / ⓑ disregarded ❯ and the rest are (3)❮ ⓐ disregarded / ⓑ highlighted ❯. The (4)❮ ⓐ withholding / ⓑ supply ❯ of
timely, (5)❮ ⓐ destructive / ⓑ beneficial ❯ feedback to participants on performance is an (6)❮ ⓐ liability / ⓑ advantage ❯ that
some competitions and contests offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is (7)❮ ⓐ unrestricted / ⓑ limited
❯ to information about whether the participant is an award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be (8)❮ ⓐ
misunderstood / ⓑ construed ❯ as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating (9)❮ ⓐ superlative / ⓑ inferior ❯ performance but not
necessarily (10)❮ ⓐ distinction / ⓑ mediocrity ❯. The best competitions (11)❮ ⓐ discourage / ⓑ encourage ❯ excellence, not just
winning or "beating" others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as (12)❮ ⓐ hindering / ⓑ nurturing ❯ a (13)❮
ⓐ beneficial / ⓑ harmful ❯ effect of competition. Performance feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place,
or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can be very (14)❮ ⓐ detrimental / ⓑ beneficial ❯, not only to the
participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary (1)❮ ⓐ failure / ⓑ triumph ❯, many of the seemingly (2)❮ ⓐ illogical / ⓑ rational ❯
choices that people make do not seem so (3)❮ ⓐ sagacious / ⓑ imprudent ❯ after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and
modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the (4)❮ ⓐ brink / ⓑ center ❯ of survival. Paleontologists who study early human
civilizations have (5)❮ ⓐ concealed / ⓑ unearthed ❯ evidence that our ancestors faced (6)❮ ⓐ recurrent / ⓑ sporadic ❯ periods of
(7)❮ ⓐ deluge / ⓑ aridity ❯ and freezing. When you are living on the (8)❮ ⓐ midst / ⓑ cusp ❯ of starvation, a slight downturn
in your food reserves makes a lot more difference than a slight (9)❮ ⓐ decrease / ⓑ increase ❯. Anthropologists who study people
still living in hunter-gatherer societies have (10)❮ ⓐ overlooked / ⓑ ascertained ❯ that they regularly make choices designed to
produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but, instead, the least (11)❮ ⓐ safety / ⓑ peril ❯
of ending up with an (12)❮ ⓐ ample / ⓑ inadequate ❯ supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong (13)❮ ⓐ impetus
/ ⓑ apathy ❯ to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't (14)❮ ⓐ rejoiced
/ ⓑ fretted ❯ over losses and instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to
(15)❮ ⓐ forfeit / ⓑ gain ❯ out and never become anyone's ancestor.

8
5. 어휘3단계_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is ①acknowledged and the rest are
overlooked. The provision of timely, ②positive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and
contests offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant
is an award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as ③altering the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a ④beneficial effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very ⑤useful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 것을 고르시오.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have ①discovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight ②upturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the ③minimal danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong
④incentive to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't ⑤agonized over
losses and instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never
become anyone's ancestor.

밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 것을 고르시오.

9
숙제장
6. 어휘3단계_Hard
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is ①unrecognized and the rest are
overlooked. The ②supply of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an ③liability that some competitions
and contests offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is ④unrestricted to information about whether the
participant is an award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as ⑤changing the emphasis to
demonstrating superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions ⑥discourage excellence, not just
winning or "beating" others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as ⑦promoting a detrimental effect of
competition. Performance feedback requires that the program ⑧exceed the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information
about performance can be very ⑨unhelpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 것을 모두 고르시오.

샘플2

When ①regarded in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, ②died very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have ③revealed evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight ④decline in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have ⑤found that they
regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but, instead,
the least ⑥safety of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong ⑦drive to avoid
falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't ⑧agonized over losses and instead had
taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to ⑨gain and never become anyone's ancestor.

밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 것을 모두 고르시오.

10
7. 내용일치(한)_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

(1) 경쟁 활동은 항상 최고를 인정하고 나머지는 무시하는 성과 쇼케이스이다. ❮ T / F ❯

(2) 일부 대회는 참가자에게 시기적절하고 건설적인 피드백을 제공한다. ❮ T / F ❯
(3) 모든 대회는 참가자가 상을 받았는지에 대한 정보만 제공한다. ❮ T / F ❯
(4) 최고의 대회는 우수성을 촉진하고 단순히 이기는 것에 중점을 두지 않는다. ❮ T / F ❯
(5) 성과 피드백은 "승리, 입상, 참가" 수준의 피드백을 넘어설 필요가 없다. ❮ T / F ❯

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

(1) 진화적 성공 측면에서 보면 사람들의 비합리적 선택은 어리석어 보이지 않는다. ❮ T / F ❯

(2) 고대 인류는 주로 풍부한 식량을 얻기 위한 선택을 했다. ❮ T / F ❯
(3) 고고학자들은 초기 인류 문명이 가뭄과 한파를 자주 겪었다는 증거를 발견했다. ❮ T / F ❯
(4) 현대의 카푸친 원숭이는 생존의 경계에서 살지 않는다. ❮ T / F ❯
(5) 조상들이 손실을 고민하지 않았다면 더 많은 후손을 남겼을 것이다. ❮ T / F ❯

11
숙제장
8. 내용일치_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

(1) Competitive activities only focus on recognizing the best participants. ❮ T / F ❯

(2) All competitions provide feedback in some form. ❮ T / F ❯
(3) Winning is more important than excellence in the best competitions. ❮ T / F ❯
(4) Feedback about performance is helpful only to non-winners. ❮ T / F ❯
(5) Emphasizing superiority can have negative effects in competitions. ❮ T / F ❯

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

(1) Evolutionary success can explain some of our seemingly irrational choices. ❮ T / F ❯
(2) Capuchin monkeys are known to live far from the margin of survival. ❮ T / F ❯
(3) Paleontologists have found evidence of frequent droughts in early human history. ❮ T / F ❯
(4) Hunter-gatherer societies prioritize obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food. ❮ T / F ❯
(5) Our ancestors' focus on avoiding losses helped them survive. ❮ T / F ❯

12
9. 내용일치_Hard
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

(1) Competitive activities are solely focused on recognizing the best participants and ignoring the rest. ❮ T / F ❯
(2) Some competitions provide timely, constructive feedback that extends beyond merely announcing winners. ❮ T / F ❯
(3) The feedback in most competitions is limited to informing participants if they are prizewinners. ❮ T / F ❯
(4) The emphasis on superiority in competitions is seen as having a positive impact on participants. ❮ T / F ❯
(5) Performance feedback can be beneficial for both winners and non-winners in competitions. ❮ T / F ❯

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

(1) The irrational decisions of people can be rational when viewed through the lens of evolutionary success. ❮ T / F ❯
(2) Paleontologists have found that early humans faced frequent periods of extreme heat and drought. ❮ T / F ❯
(3) Modern-day capuchin monkeys, like our ancestors, live far from the margin of survival. ❮ T / F ❯
(4) Hunter-gatherer societies prioritize minimizing the risk of insufficient food over maximizing food abundance. ❮ T / F ❯
(5) If our ancestors had focused on avoiding losses, they might not have become anyone's ancestor. ❮ T / F ❯

13
숙제장
10. 밑줄의미_Normal
샘플1
밑줄 친 ⓐ-ⓔ에 대한 설명으로 적절하지 않은 것을 고르시오.

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
ⓐThe provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as ⓑshifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. ⓒThe emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program ⓓgo beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance
can be very helpful, ⓔnot only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

① ⓐ: some competitions provide participants with helpful comments on their performance in a timely manner.
② ⓑ: this type of feedback can be seen as emphasizing outperforming others rather than achieving excellence.
③ ⓒ: focusing on being superior to others is often considered a negative aspect of competition.
④ ⓓ: providing performance feedback requires more detailed information than just ranking.
⑤ ⓔ: performance feedback is only beneficial for those who do not win or place in the competition.

샘플2
밑줄 친 ⓐ-ⓔ에 대한 설명으로 적절하지 않은 것을 고르시오.

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of ⓐthe seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are ⓑliving on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot
more difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered
that they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, ⓒthe least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors ⓓhadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, ⓔthey'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

① ⓐ: choices that seem irrational at first glance are always detrimental to evolutionary success and survival.
② ⓑ: this phrase describes a situation where one's survival is constantly threatened due to lack of resources.
③ ⓒ: hunter-gatherer societies prioritize minimizing the risk of food shortage over maximizing food abundance.
④ ⓓ: our ancestors' tendency to be cautious about losses was crucial for their survival.
⑤ ⓔ: taking too many risks for big gains would have decreased our ancestors' chances of survival and reproduction.

14
11. 함축의미_Normal
샘플1
밑줄 친 "win, place, or show"가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Human competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are
overlooked. The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and
contests offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant
is an award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

① providing detailed analysis of each participant's strengths and weaknesses

② offering personalized coaching sessions for future improvement
③ merely indicating whether one has won, come second, or third
④ giving comprehensive rankings of all participants in the competition
⑤ awarding certificates of participation to all contestants

샘플2
밑줄 친 they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

① they'd have achieved greater evolutionary success through risk-taking

② they'd have faced a higher risk of extinction due to reckless behavior
③ they'd have developed more advanced survival strategies over time
④ they'd have adapted more quickly to changing environmental conditions
⑤ they'd have passed on genes for increased risk tolerance to future generations

15
숙제장
12. 빈칸추론_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
__________ but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating" others. The
emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance feedback requires
that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can be very helpful, not
only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

Which of the following is most appropriate in the blank?

1. higher achievement
2. routine practice
3. advanced specialization
4. random effort
5. basic training

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to __________. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains,
they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor.

Which of the following is most appropriate in the blank?

① prevent hunger
② seek abundance
③ experience plenty
④ evade responsibility
⑤ accumulate wealth

16
13. 빈칸추론_Hard
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. __________ the "win,
place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not
win or place but also to those who do.

Which of the following is most appropriate in the blank?

① Performance feedback suggests that the program remain focused on winners only
② Providing evaluations on performance necessitates that the program extend beyond
③ Performance feedback implies that the program should restrict to ranking participants
④ Performance feedback indicates that the program must prioritize winning over improvement
⑤ Performance feedback means that the program can operate without additional evaluations

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, __________. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation to avoid falling below the level that will feed
themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and instead had taken too many chances in going after
the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor.

Which of the following is most appropriate in the blank?

① minimal risk of having too little provision
② greatest safety in accumulating excess food
③ highest likelihood of running out of food
④ moderate chance of maintaining sufficient supplies
⑤ complete assurance of never lacking resources

17
숙제장
14. 추론_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

① Participants who receive feedback are guaranteed to improve their performance.
② Winning is always the primary goal of competitive activities.
③ Most competitions only offer feedback to the top performers.
④ Competitions that provide detailed feedback can be more beneficial for all participants.
⑤ Competitions that emphasize superiority are more popular than those promoting excellence.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

① Hunter-gatherer societies prioritize abundance over security in their food choices.
② Irrational choices always lead to better evolutionary outcomes than rational ones.
③ Modern humans no longer exhibit behaviors influenced by ancestral survival instincts.
④ Human risk aversion may have evolved as a survival strategy.
⑤ Paleontologists have conclusively proven that early humans never faced food shortages.

18
15. 추론_Hard
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

① All competitive activities inherently promote a negative atmosphere and should be discouraged in favor of collaborative endeavors.
② Competitions that provide detailed performance feedback are more likely to foster genuine improvement and excellence among
all participants.
③ Participants who receive awards in competitions are always more motivated to improve their skills than those who do not win
prizes.
④ The primary purpose of competitions is to identify and celebrate only the top performers in any given field or activity.
⑤ Feedback in competitions is only beneficial when it focuses on the shortcomings of participants who did not win any awards.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

① Paleontologists have conclusively proven that early human civilizations were more advanced in their decision-making processes
than previously thought.
② Modern humans no longer possess the instincts that drove their ancestors to make conservative choices in resource management.
③ The seemingly irrational choices made by humans today may be rooted in evolutionary adaptations that once ensured survival in
harsh environments.
④ Hunter-gatherer societies prioritize the accumulation of excess resources over maintaining a stable food supply for their
communities.
⑤ The tendency to take risks for potential big gains has been the primary driver of human evolutionary success throughout history.

19
숙제장
16. 추론불가_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

① Competitions that only announce winners may not effectively promote excellence.
② Competitions that provide detailed feedback are less popular among participants than those that don't.
③ Feedback in competitions can be beneficial for both winners and non-winners.
④ The emphasis on superiority in competitions can have negative effects.
⑤ Some competitions offer more comprehensive feedback than just announcing winners.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

① Hunter-gatherer societies prioritize minimizing risk over maximizing food abundance.
② People's seemingly irrational choices may have evolutionary advantages.
③ Early humans often faced harsh environmental conditions that threatened their survival.
④ Evolutionary success is primarily determined by an individual's ability to maximize food resources.
⑤ Avoiding losses was crucial for our ancestors' survival and reproductive success.

20
17. 추론불가_Hard
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

① Competitions that provide detailed feedback are less effective in promoting excellence than those that only announce winners.
② The provision of constructive feedback in competitions can benefit both winners and non-winners in improving their performance.
③ Competitions that solely focus on identifying winners may inadvertently emphasize superiority rather than promoting overall
excellence among participants.
④ The traditional "win, place, or show" feedback in competitions may not provide sufficient information for participants to understand
and improve their performance.
⑤ Competitions that offer timely and constructive feedback to participants are more likely to foster a culture of excellence rather than
just recognizing superior performance.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

① The fear of loss and risk aversion in humans may have evolved as a survival mechanism in response to harsh environmental
conditions.
② People's tendency to avoid risks and prioritize safety can be traced back to the survival strategies of our ancestors.
③ Hunter-gatherer societies often make choices that prioritize a consistent food supply over the possibility of obtaining an abundance.
④ The evolutionary success of humans is primarily attributed to their ability to make rational decisions in all circumstances.
⑤ Paleontological evidence suggests that early human civilizations faced challenging environmental conditions that influenced their
decision-making processes.

21
숙제장
18. 순서_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback.

(A) Information about performance can be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who
do.
(B) The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance feedback
requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback.
(C) For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type
of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The
best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating" others.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all.

(A) Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods of drought
and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more difference
than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they regularly
make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but, instead, the least
danger of ending up with an insufficient supply.
(B) In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their
families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd
have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor.
(C) Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of survival.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

22
19. 순서_Hard
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer.

(A) In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an award-
or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior
performance but not necessarily excellence.
(B) Performance feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about
performance can be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.
(C) The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating" others.
(D) The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival.

(A) If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have
been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor.
(B) In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their
families.
(C) Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods of drought
and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more difference
than a slight upturn.
(D) Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they regularly make choices
designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but, instead, the least danger of ending
up with an insufficient supply.

23
숙제장
20. 삽입_Normal
샘플1

The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer.

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked. ( ① )
In a sense, all competitions give feedback. ( ② ) For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an award-
or prizewinner. ( ③ ) The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior
performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating" others. ( ④ )
The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance feedback requires
that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. ( ⑤ ) Information about performance can be very helpful,
not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

샘플2

Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods of drought
and freezing.

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so foolish
after all. ( ① ) Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of survival.
( ② ) When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more difference than a slight
upturn. ( ③ ) Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they regularly make
choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but, instead, the least danger of
ending up with an insufficient supply. ( ④ ) In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation to avoid falling below the
level that will feed themselves and their families. ( ⑤ ) If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and instead had taken too many
chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor.

24
21. 주제_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

What is the most appropriate topic of the passage above?

① the history of competitive activities and their evolution
② the psychological impact of losing in competitive activities
③ methods to identify excellence in various competitions
④ strategies for winning in competitive environments
⑤ the role of feedback in enhancing the value of competitions

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

What is the most appropriate topic of the passage above?

① role of anthropologists in understanding human evolution
② comparison between ancient and modern survival strategies
③ impact of environmental changes on early human societies
④ dietary habits of hunter-gatherer communities
⑤ evolutionary rationale behind seemingly irrational human choices

25
숙제장
22. 제목_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

What is the most appropriate title of the passage?

① The History of Olympic Games: From Ancient Greece to Modern Times
② The Psychology of Competition: Winners and Losers
③ How to Organize a Successful Competitive Event
④ Beyond Winning: The Value of Feedback in Competitions
⑤ Feedback: The Secret Weapon of Champions!

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

What is the most appropriate title of the passage?

① A Comprehensive Study of Human Ancestors' Diets
② The Evolutionary Basis for Human Risk Aversion
③ How Modern Humans Can Learn from Capuchin Monkeys
④ The Paleontologist's Guide to Ancient Civilizations
⑤ The Impact of Climate Change on Prehistoric Societies

26
23. 요지_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

윗글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

① 경쟁은 보통 최고만을 인정하고 나머지는 무시하는 행사로 여겨진다.
② 경쟁에서 승리하는 것은 참가자에게 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다.
③ 모든 경쟁은 참가자에게 어떤 형태로든 피드백을 제공한다.
④ 참가자가 상을 받지 못하더라도 경쟁은 여전히 가치가 있다.
⑤ 경쟁 활동에서 우수성을 촉진하기 위해 참가자에게 건설적인 피드백을 제공하는 것은 중요하다.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

윗글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

① 현대인과 원시인은 생존을 위해 다양한 전략을 사용했다.
② 인간의 진화적 성공을 고려할 때, 보수적인 선택은 생존을 위해 필수적이었다.
③ 인간은 대체로 위험을 감수하기보다는 안정적인 생활을 선호한다.
④ 인간의 진화는 주로 식량 확보 방법의 변화에 의해 좌우되었다.
⑤ 고대 인류는 자주 기근과 추위에 직면했다.

27
숙제장
24. 연결어_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but (1)______ to those who do.

(1) Which of the following transition words is most appropriate in (1)?

① however ② also ③ specifically ④ in other words

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. (1)______, people everywhere have a strong motivation to
avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and instead
had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's
ancestor.

(1) Which of the following transition words is most appropriate in (1)?

① However ② Moreover ③ For instance ④ In other words

28
25. 연결어_Hard
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but (1)______ to those who do.

(1) Which of the following transition words is most appropriate in (1)?

① however ② also ③ namely ④ therefore

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. (1)______, people everywhere have a strong motivation to
avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and instead
had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's
ancestor.

(1) Which of the following transition words is most appropriate in (1)?

① However ② Moreover ③ For instance ④ Namely

29
숙제장
26. 요약_Normal
샘플1
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

Competitions should focus on promoting (A)______ by providing constructive feedback rather than just emphasizing superiority,
as this approach benefits all participants and encourages improvement beyond simply (B)______.

(A) (B)
① mediocrity ... losing
② inferiority ... succeeding
③ excellence ... winning
④ deficiency ... failing
⑤ inadequacy ... triumphing

샘플2
다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

Many seemingly irrational choices can be understood as evolutionarily successful strategies, as our ancestors prioritized minimizing
the risk of food shortages over maximizing (A)______ for abundance, ensuring survival in precarious environments, which is still
observed in modern hunter-gatherer societies, such as the (B)______ monkeys.

(A) (B)
① threats ... gorillas
② dangers ... chimpanzees
③ opportunities ... capuchin
④ limitations ... baboons
⑤ constraints ... lemurs

30
27. 어법1단계_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is (1)❮ ⓐ recognized / ⓑ recognizing ❯ and
the rest are (2)❮ ⓐ overlooking / ⓑ overlooked ❯. The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance
is an asset (3)❮ ⓐ what / ⓑ that ❯ some competitions and contests (4)❮ ⓐ to offer / ⓑ offer ❯. In a sense, all competitions (5)❮
ⓐ giving / ⓑ give ❯ feedback. For many, this is (6)❮ ⓐ restricting / ⓑ restricted ❯ to information about whether the participant
is an award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be (7)❮ ⓐ interpreting / ⓑ interpreted ❯ as (8)❮ ⓐ shifting
/ ⓑ shifted ❯ the emphasis (9)❮ ⓐ to demonstrate / ⓑ demonstrating ❯ superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The
best competitions (10)❮ ⓐ promoting / ⓑ promote ❯ excellence, not just (11)❮ ⓐ winning / ⓑ won ❯ or (12)❮ ⓐ "beating" / ⓑ
"beaten" ❯ others. The emphasis on superiority is (13)❮ ⓐ which / ⓑ what ❯ we typically (14)❮ ⓐ seeing / ⓑ see ❯ as (15)❮ ⓐ
fostering / ⓑ fostered ❯ a detrimental effect of competition. Performance feedback (16)❮ ⓐ requiring / ⓑ requires ❯ (17)❮ ⓐ
which / ⓑ that ❯ the program (18)❮ ⓐ going / ⓑ go ❯ beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about
performance can be very helpful, not only to the participant (19)❮ ⓐ who / ⓑ what ❯ does not (20)❮ ⓐ win / ⓑ winning ❯ or
(21)❮ ⓐ placing / ⓑ place ❯ but also to those (22)❮ ⓐ what / ⓑ who ❯ (23)❮ ⓐ doing / ⓑ do ❯.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices (1)❮ ⓐ that / ⓑ what ❯ people (2)❮
ⓐ to make / ⓑ make ❯ do not (3)❮ ⓐ seeming / ⓑ seem ❯ so foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and
modern-day capuchin monkeys, (4)❮ ⓐ lived / ⓑ living ❯ very close to the margin of survival. Paleontologists (5)❮ ⓐ what / ⓑ
who ❯ study early human civilizations (6)❮ ⓐ uncovering / ⓑ have uncovered ❯ evidence that our ancestors (7)❮ ⓐ faced / ⓑ
facing ❯ frequent periods of drought and freezing. When you (8)❮ ⓐ lived / ⓑ are living ❯ on the verge of starvation, a slight
downturn in your food reserves (9)❮ ⓐ making / ⓑ makes ❯ a lot more difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists (10)❮ ⓐ
what / ⓑ who ❯ study people still (11)❮ ⓐ living / ⓑ lived ❯ in hunter-gatherer societies (12)❮ ⓐ discovering / ⓑ have discovered
❯ that they regularly (13)❮ ⓐ make / ⓑ making ❯ choices (14)❮ ⓐ designing / ⓑ designed ❯ (15)❮ ⓐ to produce / ⓑ producing
❯ not the best opportunity for (16)❮ ⓐ obtaining / ⓑ obtained ❯ a hyperabundant supply of food but, instead, the least danger
of (17)❮ ⓐ ended up / ⓑ ending up ❯ with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere (18)❮ ⓐ have / ⓑ having
❯ a strong motivation (19)❮ ⓐ to avoid / ⓑ avoiding ❯ (20)❮ ⓐ fallen / ⓑ falling ❯ below the level (21)❮ ⓐ what / ⓑ that ❯ will
(22)❮ ⓐ feeding / ⓑ feed ❯ themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't (23)❮ ⓐ agonizing / ⓑ agonized ❯ over losses
and instead (24)❮ ⓐ had taken / ⓑ taking ❯ too many chances in (25)❮ ⓐ going / ⓑ gone ❯ after the big gains, they'd (26)❮ ⓐ
have been / ⓑ being ❯ more likely (27)❮ ⓐ to lose / ⓑ losing ❯ out and never (28)❮ ⓐ become / ⓑ becoming ❯ anyone's ancestor.

31
숙제장
28. 어법2단계_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions ① give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as ② shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically ③ see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program ④ goes beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance
can be very helpful, not only to the participant ⑤ who does not win or place but also to those who do.

밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 고르시오.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, ①lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists ②who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed ③producing not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
④to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, ⑤they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 고르시오.

32
29. 어법2단계_Hard
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance ①are an asset ②that some competitions and
contests offer. In a sense, all competitions ③give feedback. For many, this ④is restricted to information about whether the
participant is an award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback ⑤can interpret as shifting the emphasis to
demonstrating superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions ⑥promote excellence, not just
winning or "beating" others. The emphasis on superiority ⑦is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of
competition. Performance feedback ⑧requires what the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback.
Information about performance ⑨can been very helpful, not only to the participant ⑩who do not win or place but also to those
who do.

밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 모두 고르시오.

샘플2

When ①considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, ②lives very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists ③who studies early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent
periods of drought and freezing. When you ④are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves ⑤makes
a lot more difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still ⑥living in hunter-gatherer societies have
discovered that they regularly make choices ⑦designed to producing not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant
supply of food but, instead, the least danger of ⑧to end up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have
a strong motivation ⑨to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors ⑩haven't
agonized over losses and instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose
out and never become anyone's ancestor.

밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 모두 고르시오.

33
숙제장
30. 빈칸암기_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest
are overlooked. The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some
competitions and contests offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many , this is restricted to information
about whether the participant is an award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as
shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions
promote excellence , not just winning or "beating" others . The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering
a detrimental effect of competition. Performance feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place , or
show" level of feedback. Information about performance can be very helpful , not only to the participant who does not
win or place but also to those who do.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success , many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make
do not seem so foolish after all. Most animals , including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived
very close to the margin of survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence
that our ancestors faced frequent periods of drought and freezing . When you are living on the verge of starvation , a
slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study
people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they regularly make choices designed to produce not the
best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but, instead, the least danger of ending up with an
insufficient supply. In other words , people everywhere have a strong motivation to avoid falling below the level that will
feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and instead had taken too many chances in
going after the big gains, they 'd have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor.

34
31. 빈칸암기_Hard
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the
rest are overlooked. The provision of timely , constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset
that some competitions and contests offer . In a sense , all competitions give feedback. For many , this is
restricted to information about whether the participant is an award - or prizewinner. The provision of that type of
feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior performance but not necessarily
excellence . The best competitions promote excellence , not just winning or "beating" others. The emphasis on
superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition . Performance feedback requires
that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback . Information about performance can be very
helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do .

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success , many of the seemingly irrational choices that people
make do not seem so foolish after all. Most animals , including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin
monkeys , lived very close to the margin of survival . Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have
uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods of drought and freezing . When you are living
on the verge of starvation , a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more difference than a slight
upturn . Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they regularly
make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply . In other words , people everywhere have a strong
motivation to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families . If our ancestors hadn't
agonized over losses and instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains , they'd have been more
likely to lose out and never become anyone 's ancestor .

35
숙제장
32. 어휘종합_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance (1)showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote (3)excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a (2)detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

(1) What does the word "showcases" mean in "Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best
is recognized and the rest are overlooked"?
① Exhibitions or displays
② Challenges or obstacles
③ Critiques or reviews
④ Failures or shortcomings

(2) What does the word "detrimental" mean in "The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect
of competition"?
① Beneficial
② Neutral
③ Harmful
④ Encouraging

(3) What does the word "excellence" mean in "The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or 'beating' others"?
① Average performance
② Superior quality
③ Basic competence
④ Minimal effort

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly (1)irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the (2)margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a (3)hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't (4)agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

(1) What does the word "irrational" mean in "many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make"?
① Logical and well-reasoned
② Not based on reason or logic
③ Carefully calculated
④ Predictable and expected

36
(2) What does the word "margin" mean in "lived very close to the margin of survival"?
① A large buffer or surplus
② The edge or limit
③ A central point
④ A safe distance

(3) What does the word "hyperabundant" mean in "the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food"?
① Scarce and insufficient
② Moderately sufficient
③ Excessively abundant
④ Just enough

(4) What does the word "agonized" mean in "If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses"?
① Ignored
② Celebrated
③ Worried intensely
④ Laughed at

37
숙제장
33. 내용종합_Normal
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

(1) According to the passage, what is the primary benefit of providing feedback in competitions?
① It helps participants to win more prizes.
② It shifts the focus from superiority to excellence.
③ It ensures that only the best participants are recognized.
④ It discourages participants from competing again.

(2) How does the passage suggest competitions typically emphasize superiority?
① By offering monetary rewards to winners.
② By providing feedback only to the winners.
③ By focusing on winning rather than excellence.
④ By allowing only the top participants to compete.

(3) What does the passage imply about the role of feedback for participants who do not win?
① It is unnecessary since they did not perform well.
② It can be more beneficial to them than to the winners.
③ It should be limited to those who place in the competition.
④ It is only useful if it includes suggestions for improvement.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more
difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that
they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation
to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and
instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become
anyone's ancestor.

(1) What is the main argument presented in the passage regarding seemingly irrational choices?
① They are always detrimental to survival.
② They are not actually irrational when viewed through an evolutionary lens.
③ They are unique to modern humans and not present in other animals.
④ They are primarily influenced by cultural factors.

(2) What evidence do paleontologists provide to support the argument about early human survival?

38
① Evidence of early human art and culture.
② Evidence of frequent periods of drought and freezing.
③ Evidence of advanced agricultural techniques.
④ Evidence of early trade networks.

(3) According to the passage, what do anthropologists observe about people in hunter-gatherer societies?
① They prioritize obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food.
② They focus on minimizing the risk of insufficient food supply.
③ They often engage in agricultural practices.
④ They rely heavily on modern technology.

(4) How does the passage explain the importance of loss aversion in evolutionary terms?
① It suggests that loss aversion leads to overpopulation.
② It implies that loss aversion is a modern psychological phenomenon.
③ It indicates that loss aversion helped ancestors avoid starvation.
④ It argues that loss aversion is irrelevant to survival.

39
숙제장
34. 영작1_Normal
샘플1
다음의 밑줄 친 부분을 영작하고자 한다. [보기]에 주어진 단어를 올바르게 배열하시오. (어형변화 불가, 단어추가 불가)

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
참가자의 성과에 대한 시기적절하고 건설적인 피드백 제공 is an asset that some competitions and contests offer. In a sense, all
competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an award- or prizewinner.
The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior performance but
not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating" others. The emphasis on
superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance feedback requires that the
program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can be very helpful, not only to
the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

[보기] constructive / timely / participants / to / performance / provision / the / of / on / feedback

→ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

샘플2
다음의 밑줄 친 부분을 영작하고자 한다. [보기]에 주어진 단어를 올바르게 배열하시오. (어형변화 불가, 단어추가 불가)

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, 식량 비축량의 약간의 감소 makes a lot more difference
than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they regularly
make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but, instead, the least
danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation to avoid falling
below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and instead had taken
too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor.

[보기] in / downturn / your / reserves / slight / a / food

→ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

40
35. 영작1_Hard
샘플1
다음의 밑줄 친 부분을 영작하고자 한다. [보기]에 주어진 단어를 올바르게 배열하시오. (어형변화 불가, 단어추가 불가)

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
참가자의 성과에 대한 시기적절하고 건설적인 피드백 제공은 일부 대회와 경연이 제공하는 자산이다. In a sense, all competitions give
feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an award- or prizewinner. The provision of
that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior performance but not necessarily
excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating" others. The emphasis on superiority is what
we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance feedback requires that the program go beyond the
"win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can be very helpful, not only to the participant who does
not win or place but also to those who do.

[보기] timely / offer / asset / of / some / is / provision / participants / feedback / and / that / to / an / the / contests / competitions / on
/ constructive / performance

→ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

샘플2
다음의 밑줄 친 부분을 영작하고자 한다. [보기]에 주어진 단어를 올바르게 배열하시오. (어형변화 불가, 단어추가 불가)

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. 굶주림 직전에 살고 있을 때, 식량 비축량의 약간의 감소는 약간의 증가보다 훨씬 더 큰 차이를 만든다.
Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they regularly make choices
designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but, instead, the least danger of
ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation to avoid falling below the level
that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and instead had taken too many chances
in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor.

[보기] difference / more / upturn / slight / are / a / a / of / slight / a / verge / food / on / the / living / you / starvation / reserves / when
/ lot / in / makes / than / your / downturn

→ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

41
숙제장
36. 영작2_Normal
샘플1
[보기]에 주어진 단어를 활용하여 밑줄 친 부분을 10단어로 영작하시오. (어형변화 가능, 단어추가 가능)

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
참가자의 성과에 대한 시기적절하고 건설적인 피드백 제공 is an asset that some competitions and contests offer. In a sense, all
competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an award- or prizewinner.
The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior performance but
not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating" others. The emphasis on
superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance feedback requires that the
program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can be very helpful, not only to
the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

[보기] feedback / participant / constructive / provision / performance / timely

→ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

샘플2
[보기]에 주어진 단어를 활용하여 밑줄 친 부분을 6단어로 영작하시오. (어형변화 가능, 단어추가 가능)

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the 사람들이 하는 겉보기에 비합리적인 선택들 do not seem so foolish
after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of survival.
Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods of drought
and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more difference
than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they regularly
make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but, instead, the least
danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation to avoid falling
below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and instead had taken
too many chances in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor.

[보기] seemingly / irrational / people / choice / make

→ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

42
37. 영작2_Hard
샘플1
[보기]에 주어진 단어를 활용하여 밑줄 친 부분을 19단어로 영작하시오. (어형변화 가능, 단어추가 가능)

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
참가자의 성과에 대한 시기적절하고 건설적인 피드백 제공은 일부 대회와 경연이 제공하는 자산이다. In a sense, all competitions give
feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an award- or prizewinner. The provision of
that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior performance but not necessarily
excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating" others. The emphasis on superiority is what
we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance feedback requires that the program go beyond the
"win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can be very helpful, not only to the participant who does
not win or place but also to those who do.

[보기] contest / offer / participant / feedback / performance / constructive / asset / competition / provision / be

→ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

샘플2
[보기]에 주어진 단어를 활용하여 밑줄 친 부분을 25단어로 영작하시오. (어형변화 가능, 단어추가 가능)

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. 굶주림 직전에 살고 있을 때, 식량 비축량의 약간의 감소는 약간의 증가보다 훨씬 더 큰 차이를 만든다.
Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they regularly make choices
designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but, instead, the least danger of
ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation to avoid falling below the level
that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and instead had taken too many chances
in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor.

[보기] difference / be / lot / when / slight / food / make / upturn / slight / downturn / reserve / more / verge / starvation / live

→ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

43
숙제장
38. 동반의어_Normal
샘플1
영어 뜻 동의어 반의어

showcase 전시회 exhibition, display, presentation concealment, obscurity, suppression

provision 제공 supply, furnishing, delivery withholding, deprivation, denial

constructive 건설적인 helpful, productive, beneficial destructive, harmful, detrimental

restricted 제한된 limited, confined, constrained unrestricted, unlimited, unconfined

interpret 해석하다 construe, decipher, explain misinterpret, misunderstand, distort

emphasis 강조 stress, focus, importance de-emphasis, understatement, neglect

superior 우수한 excellent, outstanding, exceptional inferior, substandard, mediocre

detrimental 해로운 harmful, damaging, injurious beneficial, advantageous, helpful

foster 육성하다 nurture, promote, encourage discourage, hinder, suppress

excel 뛰어나다 surpass, outdo, outperform fail, underperform, fall short

샘플2
영어 뜻 동의어 반의어

evolutionary 진화적인 developmental, adaptive, progressive static, unchanging, regressive

irrational 비합리적인 illogical, unreasonable, absurd rational, logical, sensible

margin 여유 edge, brink, verge center, middle, core

paleontologist 고생물학자 archaeologist, fossilist, prehistorian

drought 가뭄 aridity, dryness, scarcity flood, abundance, deluge

downturn 하락 decline, slump, decrease upturn, increase, improvement

upturn 상승 improvement, rise, recovery downturn, decline, slump

anthropologist 인류학자 ethnologist, ethnographer, cultural

researcher

hyperabundant 과다한 excessive, plentiful, superabundant scarce, insufficient, meager

agonize 고민하다 worry, fret, anguish rejoice, celebrate, relax

44
39. 동반의어문제1_Normal
샘플1
(1) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: superior
① inferior ② mediocre ③ substandard ④ exceptional

(2) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: restricted

① limited ② unconfined ③ unlimited ④ unrestricted

(3) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: provision

① furnishing ② denial ③ deprivation ④ withholding

(4) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: interpret

① misinterpret ② misunderstand ③ distort ④ explain

(5) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: emphasis

① importance ② de-emphasis ③ neglect ④ understatement

(6) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: foster

① suppress ② hinder ③ discourage ④ encourage

(7) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: excel

① outdo ② underperform ③ fail ④ fall short

(8) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: constructive

① harmful ② destructive ③ detrimental ④ helpful

(9) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: detrimental

① advantageous ② injurious ③ beneficial ④ helpful

(10) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: showcase

① display ② concealment ③ obscurity ④ suppression

샘플2
(1) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: margin
① center ② middle ③ core ④ edge

(2) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: upturn

① decline ② downturn ③ slump ④ rise

(3) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: agonize

① celebrate ② rejoice ③ relax ④ worry

(4) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: irrational

① rational ② unreasonable ③ sensible ④ logical

(5) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: hyperabundant

① meager ② insufficient ③ scarce ④ superabundant

(6) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: downturn

① increase ② upturn ③ improvement ④ decline

45
숙제장
(7) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: drought
① abundance ② deluge ③ flood ④ aridity

(8) 다음 단어의 동의어를 고르시오: evolutionary

① unchanging ② regressive ③ progressive ④ static

46
40. 동반의어문제2_Normal
샘플1
(1) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: constructive
① helpful ② beneficial ③ productive ④ detrimental

(2) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: showcase

① presentation ② concealment ③ display ④ exhibition

(3) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: superior

① outstanding ② exceptional ③ mediocre ④ excellent

(4) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: provision

① delivery ② deprivation ③ furnishing ④ supply

(5) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: excel

① outdo ② underperform ③ surpass ④ outperform

(6) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: foster

① suppress ② encourage ③ promote ④ nurture

(7) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: interpret

① construe ② decipher ③ explain ④ misinterpret

(8) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: detrimental

① injurious ② beneficial ③ harmful ④ damaging

(9) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: restricted

① confined ② limited ③ unlimited ④ constrained

(10) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: emphasis

① focus ② stress ③ importance ④ neglect

샘플2
(1) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: drought
① aridity ② deluge ③ dryness ④ scarcity

(2) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: irrational

① rational ② illogical ③ absurd ④ unreasonable

(3) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: downturn

① decline ② improvement ③ decrease ④ slump

(4) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: hyperabundant

① superabundant ② plentiful ③ excessive ④ insufficient

(5) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: margin

① edge ② core ③ brink ④ verge

(6) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: evolutionary

① adaptive ② regressive ③ developmental ④ progressive

47
숙제장
(7) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: agonize
① fret ② anguish ③ rejoice ④ worry

(8) 다음 단어의 동의어가 아닌 것을 고르시오: upturn

① improvement ② rise ③ recovery ④ slump

48
41. 영영정의_Normal
샘플1
영어 뜻 영영정의

competitive 경쟁적인 involving competition; wanting to win or to be more successful than other people

showcase 전시 an event that presents somebody's abilities or the good qualities of something in an attractive
way

overlooked 간과된 not noticed or considered

provision 제공 the act of supplying somebody with something that they need or want

constructive 건설적인 having a useful and helpful effect rather than being negative or with no purpose

participant 참가자 a person who is taking part in an activity or event

interpreted 해석된 understood or explained in a particular way

detrimental 해로운 harmful; damaging

superiority 우월성 the state or quality of being better, more powerful, or more influential than others

excellence 탁월함 the quality of being extremely good

샘플2
영어 뜻 영영정의

evolutionary 진화의 connected with the gradual development of plants, animals, etc. over many years

irrational 비합리적인 not based on, or not using, clear logical thought

paleontologist 고생물학자 a scientist who studies fossils and the history of life on Earth

civilization 문명 a society, its culture and its way of life during a particular period of time or in a particular part
of the world

drought 가뭄 a long period of time when there is little or no rain

starvation 기아 the state of suffering and death caused by having no food

anthropologist 인류학자 a person who studies the human race, especially its origins, development, customs, and
beliefs

hunter-gatherer 수렵 채집인 a member of a society that lives by hunting and collecting wild food, rather than by farming

hyperabundant 과도하게 풍부한 excessively abundant or plentiful

agonize 고민하다 to spend a long time thinking and worrying about a difficult situation or problem

49
숙제장
42. 영영정의문제_Normal
샘플1

[보기] detrimental / superiority / competitive / participant / overlooked / interpreted / showcase / constructive / excellence /
provision

아래 주어진 정의에 해당하는 단어를 위 [보기]에서 골라 쓰시오.

(1) having a useful and helpful effect rather than being negative or with no purpose
(2) the quality of being extremely good
(3) harmful; damaging
(4) an event that presents somebody's abilities or the good qualities of something in an attractive way
(5) the act of supplying somebody with something that they need or want
(6) the state or quality of being better, more powerful, or more influential than others
(7) a person who is taking part in an activity or event
(8) involving competition; wanting to win or to be more successful than other people
(9) understood or explained in a particular way
(10) not noticed or considered

샘플2

[보기] civilization / evolutionary / drought / agonize / paleontologist / starvation / anthropologist / hunter-gatherer /

hyperabundant / irrational

아래 주어진 정의에 해당하는 단어를 위 [보기]에서 골라 쓰시오.

(1) a person who studies the human race, especially its origins, development, customs, and beliefs
(2) not based on, or not using, clear logical thought
(3) a long period of time when there is little or no rain
(4) excessively abundant or plentiful
(5) a society, its culture and its way of life during a particular period of time or in a particular part of the world
(6) to spend a long time thinking and worrying about a difficult situation or problem
(7) a scientist who studies fossils and the history of life on Earth
(8) the state of suffering and death caused by having no food
(9) a member of a society that lives by hunting and collecting wild food, rather than by farming
(10) connected with the gradual development of plants, animals, etc. over many years

50
43. 요약문_Normal
샘플1
1) benefits of constructive feedback in competitive activities
2) 경쟁 활동에서 건설적인 피드백의 이점
3) Competitions offering constructive feedback promote excellence and benefit all participants, not just winners, by providing valuable
information about performance beyond simple rankings.
4) 건설적인 피드백을 제공하는 경쟁은 단순한 순위를 넘어 성과에 대한 가치 있는 정보를 제공함으로써 우수성을 촉진하고 수상자뿐만 아니라 모든
참가자에게 도움이 된다.

샘플2
1) evolutionary basis for human risk aversion in decision-making

2) 의사결정에서 인간의 위험 회피에 대한 진화적 근거

3) Humans' seemingly irrational choices can be explained by evolutionary adaptations to survive in harsh conditions, prioritizing
avoiding losses over maximizing gains to ensure survival.

4) 인간의 겉보기에 비합리적인 선택들은 열악한 환경에서 생존하기 위한 진화적 적응으로 설명될 수 있으며, 이는 생존을 보장하기 위해 이익
극대화보다 손실 회피를 우선시하는 것이다.

51
숙제장
44. 커스텀_Normal
샘플1
경쟁 활동은 단순히 성과를 보여주는 것 이상으로, 참가자에게 시기적절하고 건설적인 피드백을 제공하여 우수성을 촉진하는 데 중점을 두어야 한다.

샘플2
인간의 조상들은 생존의 한계에 가까운 환경에서 손실을 피하고 최소한의 식량을 확보하는 선택을 했으며, 이는 진화적 성공과 관련이 있다.

52
45. 실전모의고사 1회
1. 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 있는 것을 고르시오.

Gender research shows a complex relationship between gender and conflict styles. Some research suggests that women from
Western cultures tend to be more caring than men. This tendency may result from socialization processes in which women are
encouraged to care for their families and men are encouraged to be successful in competitive work environments. However, we
live in a society where gender roles and boundaries are not as strict as in prior generations. There is significant variability in
assertiveness and cooperation among women, as well as among men. Although conflict resolution experts should be able to
recognize cultural and gender differences, they should also be aware of within-group variations and the risks of stereotyping.
Culture and gender may affect the way people perceive, interpret, and respond to conflict; however, we must be careful to avoid
overgeneralizations and to consider individual differences.

① Men are universally more successful in competitive work environments due to their innate ability to handle conflicts more effectively
than women.
② Women from non-Western cultures are inherently less caring than their Western counterparts due to different socialization
processes.
③ Conflict resolution experts should primarily focus on gender differences when developing strategies for mediating disputes between
men and women.
④ The relationship between gender and conflict styles has remained constant across generations, with clear distinctions between
male and female behaviors.
⑤ The evolving nature of gender roles in society necessitates a more nuanced approach to understanding conflict styles among
individuals.

2. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked.
The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an
award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating
superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or "beating"
others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance
feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback. Information about performance can
be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.

Competitions that provide (A)______ feedback to all participants promote excellence and learning, rather than just recognizing
winners, which can have a more positive impact on (B)______ than simply emphasizing superiority.

(A) (B)
① destructive ... failure
② constructive ... performance
③ detrimental ... achievement
④ supportive ... decline
⑤ harmful ... success

3. 밑줄 친 fall off the edge of the earth가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

We make decisions based on what we think we know. It wasn't too long ago that the majority of people believed the world was
flat. This perceived truth impacted behavior. During this period, there was very little exploration. People feared that if they traveled
too far they might fall off the edge of the earth. So for the most part they didn't dare to travel. It wasn't until that minor detail
was revealed ─ the world is round ─ that behaviors changed on a massive scale. Upon this discovery, societies began to travel
across the planet. Trade routes were established; spices were traded. New ideas, like mathematics, were shared between societies
which allowed for all kinds of innovations and advancements. The correction of a simple false assumption moved the human race
forward.

53
숙제장
① experience a sudden shift in cultural perspectives
② encounter unexpected dangers in foreign lands
③ lose their way in uncharted territories
④ face the consequences of their ignorance
⑤ plummet into an abyss at the world's boundary

4. [보기]에 주어진 단어를 활용하여 밑줄 친 부분을 25단어로 영작하시오. (어형변화 가능, 단어추가 가능)

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so
foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of
survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods
of drought and freezing. 굶주림 직전에 살고 있을 때, 식량 비축량의 약간의 감소는 약간의 증가보다 훨씬 더 큰 차이를 만든다.
Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they regularly make choices
designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but, instead, the least danger of
ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation to avoid falling below the level
that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and instead had taken too many chances
in going after the big gains, they'd have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor.

[보기] food / lot / live / you / reserve / are / slight / slight / starvation / more / difference / downturn / make / upturn / than / verge /
when

→ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

54
정답 및 해설

55
숙제장
1. 어휘1단계_Normal_정답
번호 정답

샘플1 1. ⓑ best
2. ⓐ constructive
3. ⓐ award-
4. ⓐ superior
5. ⓑ excellence
6. ⓑ detrimental

샘플2 1. ⓑ irrational
2. ⓑ foolish
3. ⓑ margin
4. ⓐ frequent
5. ⓐ freezing
6. ⓐ upturn
7. ⓑ best
8. ⓐ level
9. ⓐ agonized

56
2. 어휘1단계_Hard_정답
번호 정답

샘플1 1. ⓐ best
2. ⓑ overlooked
3. ⓑ asset
4. ⓑ superior
5. ⓐ excellence
6. ⓐ best
7. ⓑ excellence
8. ⓑ detrimental
9. ⓑ helpful

샘플2 1. ⓑ success
2. ⓑ irrational
3. ⓑ foolish
4. ⓐ margin
5. ⓐ frequent
6. ⓐ drought
7. ⓑ freezing
8. ⓑ verge
9. ⓑ hyperabundant
10. ⓐ insufficient
11. ⓑ avoid
12. ⓐ agonized
13. ⓐ lose

57
숙제장
3. 어휘2단계_Normal_정답
번호 정답

샘플1 1. ⓑ exhibitions (=showcases)

2. ⓐ acknowledged (=recognized)
3. ⓑ supply (=provision)
4. ⓐ beneficial (=constructive)
5. ⓑ advantage (=asset)
6. ⓐ limited (=restricted)
7. ⓑ perceived (=interpreted)
8. ⓑ encourage (=promote)
9. ⓐ harmful (=detrimental)
10. ⓑ useful (=helpful)

샘플2 1. ⓐ achievement (=success)

2. ⓑ illogical (=irrational)
3. ⓑ unwise (=foolish)
4. ⓑ edge (=margin)
5. ⓐ revealed (=uncovered)
6. ⓑ regular (=frequent)
7. ⓑ brink (=verge)
8. ⓑ found (=discovered)
9. ⓑ risk (=danger)
10. ⓑ inadequate (=insufficient)
11. ⓐ drive (=motivation)
12. ⓑ worried (=agonized)

58
4. 어휘2단계_Hard_정답
번호 정답

샘플1 1. ⓑ Rivalrous (=Competitive)

2. ⓐ acknowledged (=recognized)
3. ⓐ disregarded (=overlooked)
4. ⓑ supply (=provision)
5. ⓑ beneficial (=constructive)
6. ⓑ advantage (=asset)
7. ⓑ limited (=restricted)
8. ⓑ construed (=interpreted)
9. ⓐ superlative (=superior)
10. ⓐ distinction (=excellence)
11. ⓑ encourage (=promote)
12. ⓑ nurturing (=fostering)
13. ⓑ harmful (=detrimental)
14. ⓑ beneficial (=helpful)

샘플2 1. ⓑ triumph (=success)

2. ⓐ illogical (=irrational)
3. ⓑ imprudent (=foolish)
4. ⓐ brink (=margin)
5. ⓑ unearthed (=uncovered)
6. ⓐ recurrent (=frequent)
7. ⓑ aridity (=drought)
8. ⓑ cusp (=verge)
9. ⓑ increase (=upturn)
10. ⓑ ascertained (=discovered)
11. ⓑ peril (=danger)
12. ⓑ inadequate (=insufficient)
13. ⓐ impetus (=motivation)
14. ⓑ fretted (=agonized)
15. ⓐ forfeit (=lose)

59
숙제장
5. 어휘3단계_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ④ ④ beneficial (유익한) → detrimental

Explanation:
이 글은 경쟁이 부정적인 영향을 미친다고 설명하고 있다. 따라서 "beneficial"이라고 하면 전체 문장의 의미와 맞지 않는다.

Original Words:
① acknowledged (인정된) = recognized
② positive (긍정적인) = constructive
③ altering (변경하는) = shifting
⑤ useful (유용한) = helpful

샘플2 ② ② upturn (상승) → downturn

Explanation:
이 문장은 식량 비축의 감소가 생존에 더 큰 영향을 미친다고 설명하고 있는데, 'upturn'으로 바꾸면 의미가 모순되어 글의 흐름을
방해한다.

Original Words:
① discovered (발견하다) = uncovered
③ minimal (최소한의) = least
④ incentive (동기) = motivation
⑤ 원문 단어 그대로

60
6. 어휘3단계_Hard_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ①③④⑥⑨ ① unrecognized (인정받지 못한) → recognized

③ liability (부채) → asset
④ unrestricted (제한되지 않은) → restricted
⑥ discourage (방해하다) → promote
⑨ unhelpful (도움이 되지 않는) → helpful

Explanation:
① "unrecognized"라는 표현으로 보아 "recognized"는 문맥에 어울리지 않는다.
③ "liability"라는 표현으로 보아 "asset"은 문맥에 어울리지 않는다.
④ "unrestricted"라는 표현으로 보아 "restricted"는 문맥에 어울리지 않는다.
⑥ "discourage"라는 표현으로 보아 "promote"는 문맥에 어울리지 않는다.
⑨ "unhelpful"라는 표현으로 보아 "helpful"은 문맥에 어울리지 않는다.

Original Words:
② supply (공급) = provision
⑤ changing (변화) = shifting
⑦ promoting (촉진) = fostering
⑧ exceed (초과하다) = go beyond

샘플2 ②⑥⑨ ② died (죽었다) → lived

⑥ safety (안전) → danger
⑨ gain (얻다) → lose out

Explanation:
② "died"는 동물이 생존의 여지에 가까이 산다는 문맥에 맞지 않는다.
⑥ "safety"는 식량 공급이 부족한 상황을 피하는 문맥에 맞지 않는다.
⑨ "gain"은 선조가 되지 않는다는 문맥에 맞지 않는다.

Original Words:
① regarded (여겨지다) = considered
③ revealed (드러난) = uncovered
④ decline (감소) = downturn
⑤ found (발견하다) = discovered
⑦ drive (동기) = motivation
⑧ 원문 단어 그대로

61
숙제장
7. 내용일치(한)_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 (1) F (1) False. 경쟁 활동이 항상 최고만 인정하고 나머지를 무시한다고 하지 않았다.
(2) T (2) True. 일부 대회는 참가자에게 시기적절하고 건설적인 피드백을 제공한다고 했다.
(3) F (3) False. 모든 대회가 상 정보만 제공하지 않고 성과 피드백을 제공할 수 있다고 했다.
(4) T (4) True. 최고의 대회는 우수성을 촉진하고 단순히 이기는 것에 중점을 두지 않는다고 했다.
(5) F (5) False. 성과 피드백은 '승리, 입상, 참가' 수준을 넘어설 필요가 있다고 했다.

샘플2 (1) T (1) True. 진화적 성공 측면에서 비합리적 선택이 어리석어 보이지 않는다.
(2) F (2) False. 고대 인류는 풍부한 식량을 얻기보다 식량 부족 위험을 피하는 선택을 했다.
(3) T (3) True. 고고학자들은 초기 인류가 가뭄과 한파를 자주 겪었다는 증거를 발견했다.
(4) F (4) False. 현대의 카푸친 원숭이도 생존의 경계에서 산다.
(5) F (5) False. 조상들이 손실을 고민하지 않았다면 후손을 더 많이 남기지 못했을 것이다.

62
8. 내용일치_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 (1) F (1) False. 경쟁 활동은 최우수 참가자 인정을 넘어서기도 한다.
(2) T (2) True. 모든 대회는 어떤 형태로든 피드백을 제공한다.
(3) F (3) False. 최고의 대회는 우승보다 뛰어남을 강조한다.
(4) F (4) False. 피드백은 우승자에게도 도움이 된다.
(5) T (5) True. 우월성을 강조하면 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다.

샘플2 (1) T (1) True. 진화적 성공으로 일부 비합리적 선택이 설명될 수 있어서.
(2) F (2) False. 까치원숭이는 생존의 한계에 매우 가까이 산다.
(3) T (3) True. 고생물학자들이 초기 인류 역사에서 빈번한 가뭄 증거를 발견했다.
(4) F (4) False. 수렵채집 사회는 풍부한 식량 확보를 우선하지 않고 부족한 식량을 피하려 한다.
(5) T (5) True. 조상들이 손실을 피하는 데 집중하여 생존에 도움이 됐다.

63
숙제장
9. 내용일치_Hard_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 (1) F (1) False. 경쟁 활동은 단지 최고를 인정하는 데에만 초점을 맞추지 않는다.
(2) T (2) True. 일부 대회는 우승자 발표 이상으로 건설적인 피드백을 제공한다.
(3) T (3) True. 대부분의 대회 피드백은 참가자가 상을 받았는지 여부에 한정된다.
(4) F (4) False. 경쟁에서의 우위 강조는 부정적인 영향을 미친다.
(5) T (5) True. 성과 피드백은 우승자와 비우승자 모두에게 유익하다.
[어휘] solely 오직, constructive 건설적인, merely 단지

샘플2 (1) T (1) True. 비합리적인 선택이 진화적 성공과 관련이 있다고 했어.
(2) F (2) False. 극심한 더위는 언급되지 않았어.
(3) F (3) False. 생존의 한계에 가까이 산다고 했어.
(4) T (4) True. 음식 부족의 위험을 줄이는 것을 우선시한다고 했어.
(5) F (5) False. 손실을 피하는 것이 조상의 생존에 도움이 됐다고 했어.
[어휘] paleontologists 고생물학자, drought 가뭄, capuchin 카푸친원숭이, hunter-gatherer 수렵채집인

64
10. 밑줄의미_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ⑤ "ⓔ: performance feedback is only beneficial for those who do not win or place in the competition"는 성과 피드백이
경쟁에서 이기거나 순위에 들지 못한 사람들에게만 유익하다고 설명하고 있다. 하지만 성과 피드백은 모든 참가자에게 유익할 수
있으며, 승자나 상위권에 든 사람들에게도 자신의 강점과 약점을 이해하고 더 발전할 수 있는 기회를 제공하기 때문에 잘못된
이해다.

샘플2 ① "ⓐchoices that seem irrational at first glance are always detrimental to evolutionary success and survival"는 처음에는
비합리적으로 보이는 선택이 항상 진화적 성공과 생존에 해롭다는 의미로 해석된다. 그러나 실제로는 이러한 선택이 반드시 해로운
것이 아니라, 특정 상황에서는 유리하게 작용할 수도 있다는 점에서 이 해석은 부정확하다.

65
숙제장
11. 함축의미_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ③ ① Incorrect - 참가자 각자의 강점과 약점에 대한 상세한 분석을 제공하는 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
② Incorrect - 미래 개선을 위한 개인 맞춤형 코칭 세션을 제공하는 것과는 관련이 없다.
③ Correct - 단순히 우승, 2위, 3위를 표시하는 것을 의미한다.
④ Incorrect - 모든 참가자의 종합적인 순위를 제공하는 것과는 다르다.
⑤ Incorrect - 모든 참가자에게 참여 인증서를 수여하는 것과는 관련이 없다.

샘플2 ② ① Incorrect - 위험을 감수함으로써 진화적 성공을 더 크게 이룰 가능성은 지문과 반대이다.

② Correct - 무모한 행동으로 멸종 위험이 높아질 가능성이 높다는 내용과 일치한다.
③ Incorrect - 더 많은 위험을 감수하는 것이 더 발전된 생존 전략을 개발한다는 내용과 맞지 않는다.
④ Incorrect - 환경 변화에 더 빨리 적응한다는 내용은 지문과 관련이 없다.
⑤ Incorrect - 유전자가 미래 세대에 전달된다는 내용은 지문과 반대이다.

66
12. 빈칸추론_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ① Original expression: superior performance

① Correct - 이 선택지는 'superior performance'를 다른 말로 바꾼 것으로, 문맥상 적절했다.
② Incorrect - 이 선택지는 'routine practice'로, 'superior performance'와 관련이 없었다.
③ Incorrect - 이 선택지는 'advanced specialization'으로, 'superior performance'의 의미를 포함하지 않았다.
④ Incorrect - 이 선택지는 'random effort'로, 'superior performance'와 반대되는 의미를 가졌다.
⑤ Incorrect - 이 선택지는 'basic training'으로, 'superior performance'를 나타내지 않았다.

샘플2 ① Original expression: avoid starvation

① Correct - 배고픔을 막는 선택으로 문맥에 잘 맞아.
② Incorrect - 풍부함을 추구하는 것은 위험을 줄이려는 의도와 반대야.
③ Incorrect - 많이 가지는 것은 위험 최소화와 맞지 않아.
④ Incorrect - 책임 회피는 배고픔과 관련 없어서 맞지 않아.
⑤ Incorrect - 부를 축적하는 것은 식량 부족과 관련이 없어.

67
숙제장
13. 빈칸추론_Hard_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ② Original expression: Performance feedback requires that the program go beyond
① Incorrect - 이 선택지는 프로그램이 우승자에게만 집중해야 한다고 제안하며, 본문의 요구와 반대된다.
② Correct - 이 선택지는 평가 제공이 프로그램이 그 이상으로 확장되어야 함을 필요로 한다고 설명하여 본문과 일치한다.
③ Incorrect - 이 선택지는 프로그램이 참가자 순위에 제한되어야 한다고 암시하여 본문의 요구와 다르다.
④ Incorrect - 이 선택지는 프로그램이 향상보다 승리를 우선시해야 한다고 나타내어 본문과 반대된다.
⑤ Incorrect - 이 선택지는 프로그램이 추가 평가 없이 운영될 수 있다고 말하며, 본문의 요구와 맞지 않는다.

샘플2 ① Original expression: the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply
① Correct - 이 선택지는 위험을 최소화하고 충분하지 않은 공급을 피하는 것을 의미하여 문맥에 적합하다.
② Incorrect - 이 선택지는 과잉 식량 축적에 초점을 맞추어 위험 최소화와는 다르다.
③ Incorrect - 이 선택지는 식량 부족 가능성이 높다는 의미로 반대의 뜻을 전달한다.
④ Incorrect - 이 선택지는 위험을 최소화하는 것보다 중간 정도의 가능성을 제시하여 부적합하다.
⑤ Incorrect - 이 선택지는 위험을 완전히 배제하는 것을 의미하여 원래 뜻보다 과한 표현이다.

68
14. 추론_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ④ ① Not inferable - 피드백이 도움이 되지만 향상을 보장하지 않는다.

② Not inferable - 우승뿐만 아니라 우수성을 중시한다.
③ Not inferable - 대부분에 대한 언급이지만 '대부분'이라고는 하지 않는다.
④ Inferable - 상세한 피드백이 모든 참가자에게 도움이 된다.
⑤ Not inferable - 우월성을 강조하는 경쟁의 인기 여부는 언급되지 않았다.

샘플2 ④ ① Not inferable - 수렵-채집 사회는 풍부함보다 부족함을 피하는 것을 우선시한다.

② Not inferable - 글은 비합리적 선택이 항상 더 나은 결과를 낳는다고 언급하지 않았다.
③ Not inferable - 현대 인간이 조상들의 생존 본능과 무관하다고 언급하지 않았다.
④ Inferable - 인간의 위험 회피는 생존 전략으로 진화했을 수 있다.
⑤ Not inferable - 고고학자들은 초기 인류가 식량 부족을 겪었다는 증거를 발견했다.

69
숙제장
15. 추론_Hard_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ② ① Not inferable - 모든 경쟁 활동이 본질적으로 부정적인 분위기를 조성한다는 주장은 언급되지 않았다.
② Inferable - 상세한 성과 피드백은 참가자들의 진정한 향상과 우수성을 촉진할 가능성이 높다고 추론할 수 있다.
③ Not inferable - 수상자가 항상 더 동기부여된다는 내용은 없다.
④ Not inferable - 경쟁의 주요 목적을 최고 성과자만을 식별하고 축하하는 것으로 제한하지 않았다.
⑤ Not inferable - 피드백이 단지 비수상자들의 단점에 초점을 맞출 때만 유익하다는 내용은 없다.
[어휘] inherently 본질적으로, endeavors 노력, foster 육성하다, excel

샘플2 ③ ① Not inferable - 초기 인류의 의사결정 과정의 발전에 대한 증거는 언급되지 않았다.
② Not inferable - 현대인이 조심스러운 선택을 하지 않는다는 내용이 없다.
③ Inferable - 오늘날의 비합리적 선택이 진화적 적응에 뿌리를 둘 수 있다.
④ Not inferable - 수렵채집 사회는 안정된 식량 공급을 우선시한다고 했다.
⑤ Not inferable - 큰 이익을 위한 위험 감수가 주요 동인이라고 반대된다.
[어휘] paleontologists 고생물학자, instincts 본능, evolutionary 진화의, adaptations 적응, hunter-gatherer 수렵 채집의

70
16. 추론불가_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ② ① Inferable - 우승자만 발표하는 대회는 우수성을 효과적으로 촉진하지 않을 수 있다.

② Not inferable - 대회의 인기와 피드백 제공 여부에 대한 언급이 없다.
③ Inferable - 피드백은 우승자와 비우승자 모두에게 유익할 수 있다.
④ Inferable - 우위에 대한 강조가 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다.
⑤ Inferable - 일부 대회는 우승자 발표 이상의 포괄적인 피드백을 제공한다.

샘플2 ④ ① Inferable - 사냥채집 사회에서 위험 최소화를 우선시함을 나타낸다.

② Inferable - 비합리적으로 보이는 선택이 진화적 이점을 가질 수 있다고 했다.
③ Inferable - 초기 인류가 생존을 위협하는 혹독한 환경에 자주 직면했음을 언급했다.
④ Not inferable - 진화적 성공이 식량 자원 극대화에 주로 의해 결정된다는 내용은 없다.
⑤ Inferable - 손실 회피가 조상의 생존과 번식 성공에 중요했다고 했다.

71
숙제장
17. 추론불가_Hard_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ① ① Not inferable - 상세한 피드백이 우수성을 덜 촉진한다는 내용은 본문과 반대된다.
② Inferable - 피드백이 수상자와 비수상자 모두에게 도움이 된다고 언급되어 있다.
③ Inferable - 수상자만을 강조하면 우수성보다 우월성을 강조할 수 있다고 했다.
④ Inferable - "win, place, or show" 피드백이 충분하지 않다고 언급되었다.
⑤ Inferable - 건설적인 피드백이 우수성을 촉진하는 데 도움이 된다고 했다.
[어휘] inadvertently 부주의하게, foster 조성하다, superiority 우월성

샘플2 ④ ① Inferable - 두려움과 위험 회피가 생존을 위한 기제로 진화했을 수 있다.

② Inferable - 위험을 피하고 안전을 중시하는 경향이 조상들의 생존 전략에서 비롯되었다.
③ Inferable - 수렵 채집 사회는 풍부한 식량보다 일관된 식량 공급을 우선했다.
④ Not inferable - 인간의 진화적 성공이 모든 상황에서 합리적 결정 능력에 기반한다고 볼 수 없다.
⑤ Inferable - 고생물학적 증거는 초기 인류 문명이 어려운 환경 조건에 직면했음을 시사한다.
[어휘] aversion 혐오감, harsh 가혹한, abundance 풍부함, attributed 귀속된, paleontological 고생물학적인

72
18. 순서_Normal_정답
번호 정답

샘플1 ⑤

샘플2 ④

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숙제장
19. 순서_Hard_정답
번호 정답

샘플1 (A) - (C) - (D) - (B)

샘플2 (C) - (D) - (B) - (A)

74
20. 삽입_Normal_정답
번호 정답

샘플1 ①

샘플2 ②

75
숙제장
21. 주제_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ⑤ ① Incorrect (not related) : 이 글은 경쟁 활동의 역사나 진화에 대한 내용이 아니다.

② Incorrect (not related) : 이 글은 경쟁에서 지는 것의 심리적 영향에 대해 다루지 않는다.
③ Incorrect (too specific) : 이 글은 다양한 경쟁에서 탁월함을 식별하는 방법에 국한되지 않고 피드백의 역할 전반을 논의한다.
④ Incorrect (not related) : 이 글은 경쟁 환경에서 이기는 전략에 대해 이야기하지 않는다.
⑤ Correct : 이 글은 경쟁의 가치를 높이는 데 있어 피드백의 역할에 대해 논의하고 있어 가장 적절하다.

샘플2 ⑤ ① Incorrect (not related) : "role of anthropologists"는 이 글의 주요 주제가 아니다.

② Incorrect (too broad) : "ancient and modern survival strategies"는 이 글의 내용이 너무 포괄적이다.
③ Incorrect (too specific) : "impact of environmental changes on early human societies"는 이 글의 주요 내용과 다르다.
④ Incorrect (too specific) : "dietary habits of hunter-gatherer communities"는 이 글의 내용보다 더 구체적이다.
⑤ Correct : 이 글은 인간의 비합리적으로 보이는 선택들의 진화적 이유를 설명하고 있다.

76
22. 제목_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ④ ① Incorrect (not related) : 이 글은 올림픽 역사나 고대 그리스부터 현대까지의 변천 과정에 대해 언급하지 않았다.
② Incorrect (too broad) : 경쟁의 심리 전반을 다루기보다 피드백의 중요성에 초점을 맞추었다.
③ Incorrect (too specific) : 경쟁 이벤트의 조직 방법에 대한 내용은 이 글에 포함되지 않았다.
④ Correct : 이 글은 단순한 승리에 그치지 않고 피드백의 가치를 강조하고 있으므로 가장 적절한 제목이다.
⑤ Incorrect (too specific) : 챔피언의 비결로서 피드백을 강조하지만, 이 글은 보다 일반적으로 경쟁에서의 피드백의 중요성을
논의한다.

샘플2 ② ① Incorrect (too specific) : 이 글은 조상들의 식단에 대한 포괄적인 연구가 아니다.

② Correct : 이 글은 인간의 위험 회피의 진화적 기초에 대해 설명하고 있으므로 가장 적절하다.
③ Incorrect (not related) : 현대인이 카푸친 원숭이에게서 배울 수 있는 방법에 대해 언급하지 않았다.
④ Incorrect (not related) : 고생물학자의 가이드보다는 생존 전략에 관한 내용이다.
⑤ Incorrect (too broad) : 기후 변화의 영향보다는 위험 회피에 초점을 맞추고 있다.

77
숙제장
23. 요지_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ⑤ 글의 요지는 경쟁 활동에서 참가자에게 건설적인 피드백을 제공하는 것이 우수성을 촉진하는 데 중요하다는 것이다. 이는
참가자들이 자신의 능력을 향상시키고 발전할 수 있도록 돕기 때문이다. 따라서 경쟁의 목적이 단순히 승패를 가르는 것이 아니라
참가자들이 더 나은 성과를 낼 수 있도록 돕는 데 있다는 점에서 ⑤번이 가장 적절한 요지이다.

샘플2 ② 글의 요지는 인간의 진화적 성공에 있어 보수적인 선택이 생존을 위해 필수적이었다는 점이다. 인간은 위험을 감수하기보다는
안전하고 보수적인 선택을 통해 생존 확률을 높여왔으며, 이는 진화의 과정에서 중요한 역할을 했다. 따라서 인간의 진화적 성공을
고려할 때, 보수적인 선택이 필수적이었다는 내용의 ②번이 가장 적절한 요지이다.

78
24. 연결어_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 (1) ② also (1) =also

샘플2 (1) ④ In other words (1) =In other words

79
숙제장
25. 연결어_Hard_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 (1) ② also (1) =also

샘플2 (1) ④ Namely (1) =In other words

80
26. 요약_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ③ ① Incorrect - 'mediocrity'은 부정적인 의미로 'promoting'과 맞지 않으며, 'losing'은 단순히 결과에 초점을 맞추어
'improvement beyond'과 부합하지 않는다.
② Incorrect - 'inferiority'는 부정적인 의미로 'promoting'과 맞지 않으며, 'succeeding'은 'emphasizing superiority'와
상반된다.
③ Correct - 'excellence'은 긍정적이고 'constructive feedback'과 잘 어울리며, 'winning'은 단순한 우위 강조를 잘 나타낸다.
④ Incorrect - 'deficiency'는 부정적인 의미로 'promoting'과 맞지 않으며, 'failing'은 부정적인 결과를 나타낸다.
⑤ Incorrect - 'inadequacy'는 부정적인 의미로 'promoting'과 맞지 않으며, 'triumphing'은 'improvement beyond'과
직접적인 연관성이 부족하다.

샘플2 ③ ① Incorrect - 'threats'는 식량 부족의 위험을 최소화하는 것과 반대되는 의미로 부적절하며, 'gorillas'는 원문의 'monkeys'와
종이 다르다.
② Incorrect - 'dangers'는 부적절하며, 'chimpanzees'는 유인원으로 'monkeys'에 해당하지 않는다.
③ Correct - 'opportunities'는 식량 풍부의 가능성을 최대화하는 의미로 적절하고, 'capuchin'은 현대 수렵채집 사회와 유사한
사회 구조를 가진 원숭이다.
④ Incorrect - 'limitations'는 부적절하며, 'baboons'는 원문의 맥락과 완전히 일치하지 않는다.
⑤ Incorrect - 'constraints'는 부적절하고, 'lemurs'는 영장류가 아니므로 부적합하다.

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숙제장
27. 어법1단계_Normal_정답
번호 정답

샘플1 1. ⓐ recognized
2. ⓑ overlooked
3. ⓑ that
4. ⓑ offer
5. ⓑ give
6. ⓑ restricted
7. ⓑ interpreted
8. ⓐ shifting
9. ⓐ to demonstrate
10. ⓑ promote
11. ⓐ winning
12. ⓐ "beating"
13. ⓑ what
14. ⓑ see
15. ⓐ fostering
16. ⓑ requires
17. ⓑ that
18. ⓑ go
19. ⓐ who
20. ⓐ win
21. ⓑ place
22. ⓑ who
23. ⓑ do

샘플2 1. ⓐ that
2. ⓑ make
3. ⓑ seem
4. ⓐ lived
5. ⓑ who
6. ⓑ have uncovered
7. ⓐ faced
8. ⓑ are living
9. ⓑ makes
10. ⓑ who
11. ⓐ living
12. ⓑ have discovered
13. ⓐ make
14. ⓑ designed
15. ⓐ to produce
16. ⓐ obtaining
17. ⓑ ending up
18. ⓐ have
19. ⓐ to avoid
20. ⓑ falling
21. ⓑ that
22. ⓑ feed
23. ⓑ agonized
24. ⓐ had taken
25. ⓐ going
26. ⓐ have been
27. ⓐ to lose
28. ⓐ become

82
28. 어법2단계_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ④ > go beyond

샘플2 ③ producing > to produce

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숙제장
29. 어법2단계_Hard_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 ①⑤⑧⑨⑩ ① are > is

⑤ can interpret as > can be interpreted as
⑧ requires what > requires that
⑨ can been > can be
⑩ who do not win > who does not win

샘플2 ②③⑦⑧⑩ ② lives > lived

③ who studies > who study
⑦ designed to producing > designed to produce
⑧ to end up > ending up
⑩ haven't agonized > hadn't agonized

84
30. 빈칸암기_Normal_정답
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest
are overlooked. The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some
competitions and contests offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many , this is restricted to information
about whether the participant is an award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as
shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions
promote excellence , not just winning or "beating" others . The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering
a detrimental effect of competition. Performance feedback requires that the program go beyond the "win, place , or
show" level of feedback. Information about performance can be very helpful , not only to the participant who does not
win or place but also to those who do.

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success , many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make
do not seem so foolish after all. Most animals , including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin monkeys, lived
very close to the margin of survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence
that our ancestors faced frequent periods of drought and freezing . When you are living on the verge of starvation , a
slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study
people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they regularly make choices designed to produce not the
best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but, instead, the least danger of ending up with an
insufficient supply. In other words , people everywhere have a strong motivation to avoid falling below the level that will
feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn't agonized over losses and instead had taken too many chances in
going after the big gains, they 'd have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone's ancestor.

85
숙제장
31. 빈칸암기_Hard_정답
샘플1

Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the
rest are overlooked. The provision of timely , constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset
that some competitions and contests offer . In a sense , all competitions give feedback. For many , this is
restricted to information about whether the participant is an award - or prizewinner. The provision of that type of
feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior performance but not necessarily
excellence . The best competitions promote excellence , not just winning or "beating" others. The emphasis on
superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition . Performance feedback requires
that the program go beyond the "win, place, or show" level of feedback . Information about performance can be very
helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do .

샘플2

When considered in terms of evolutionary success , many of the seemingly irrational choices that people
make do not seem so foolish after all. Most animals , including our ancestors and modern-day capuchin
monkeys , lived very close to the margin of survival . Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have
uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods of drought and freezing . When you are living
on the verge of starvation , a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more difference than a slight
upturn . Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they regularly
make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyperabundant supply of food but,
instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply . In other words , people everywhere have a strong
motivation to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families . If our ancestors hadn't
agonized over losses and instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains , they'd have been more
likely to lose out and never become anyone 's ancestor .

86
32. 어휘종합_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 (1) ① (1) ① Showcases in this context means exhibitions or displays.

(2) ③ (2) ③ Detrimental means harmful.
(3) ② (3) ② Excellence means superior quality.

샘플2 (1) ② (1) ② Not based on reason or logic. "Irrational" refers to choices that do not follow logical reasoning.
(2) ② (2) ② The edge or limit. "Margin" in this context refers to the narrow boundary close to survival.
(3) ③ (3) ③ Excessively abundant. "Hyperabundant" means having more than what is needed.
(4) ③ (4) ③ Worried intensely. "Agonized" means to suffer extreme worry or distress over something.

87
숙제장
33. 내용종합_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 (1) ② (1) ② It shifts the focus from superiority to excellence.

(2) ③ - The passage highlights that the best competitions promote excellence, not just winning, and feedback is a
(3) ② tool to achieve that.

(2) ③ By focusing on winning rather than excellence.

- The passage mentions that the emphasis on superiority is typically seen as fostering a detrimental effect of
competition.

(3) ② It can be more beneficial to them than to the winners.

- The passage states that information about performance can be very helpful, not only to the participant who
does not win or place but also to those who do, implying its potential greater benefit to non-winners.

샘플2 (1) ② (1) ② The passage argues that seemingly irrational choices are not foolish when considered from an
(2) ② evolutionary perspective.
(3) ② (2) ② Paleontologists provide evidence of frequent periods of drought and freezing faced by early humans.
(4) ③ (3) ② Anthropologists observe that people in hunter-gatherer societies focus on minimizing the risk of
insufficient food supply.
(4) ③ The passage explains that loss aversion helped ancestors avoid starvation and ensured their survival.

88
34. 영작1_Normal_정답
번호 정답

샘플1 The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance

샘플2 a slight downturn in your food reserves

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숙제장
35. 영작1_Hard_정답
번호 정답

샘플1 The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer.

샘플2 When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more difference than a
slight upturn.

90
36. 영작2_Normal_정답
번호 정답

샘플1 The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance

샘플2 seemingly irrational choices that people make

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숙제장
37. 영작2_Hard_정답
번호 정답

샘플1 The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests
offer.

샘플2 When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more difference than a
slight upturn.

92
39. 동반의어문제1_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 (1) ④ (1) 우수한

(2) ① (2) 제한된
(3) ① (3) 제공
(4) ④ (4) 해석하다
(5) ① (5) 강조
(6) ④ (6) 육성하다
(7) ① (7) 뛰어나다
(8) ④ (8) 건설적인
(9) ② (9) 해로운
(10) ① (10) 전시회

샘플2 (1) ④ (1) 여유

(2) ④ (2) 상승
(3) ④ (3) 고민하다
(4) ② (4) 비합리적인
(5) ④ (5) 과다한
(6) ④ (6) 하락
(7) ④ (7) 가뭄
(8) ③ (8) 진화적인

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숙제장
40. 동반의어문제2_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 (1) ④ (1) 건설적인

(2) ② (2) 전시회
(3) ③ (3) 우수한
(4) ② (4) 제공
(5) ② (5) 뛰어나다
(6) ① (6) 육성하다
(7) ④ (7) 해석하다
(8) ② (8) 해로운
(9) ③ (9) 제한된
(10) ④ (10) 강조

샘플2 (1) ② (1) 가뭄

(2) ① (2) 비합리적인
(3) ② (3) 하락
(4) ④ (4) 과다한
(5) ② (5) 여유
(6) ② (6) 진화적인
(7) ③ (7) 고민하다
(8) ④ (8) 상승

94
42. 영영정의문제_Normal_정답
번호 정답 해설

샘플1 (1) constructive (1) 건설적인

(2) excellence (2) 탁월함
(3) detrimental (3) 해로운
(4) showcase (4) 전시
(5) provision (5) 제공
(6) superiority (6) 우월성
(7) participant (7) 참가자
(8) competitive (8) 경쟁적인
(9) interpreted (9) 해석된
(10) overlooked (10) 간과된

샘플2 (1) anthropologist (1) 인류학자

(2) irrational (2) 비합리적인
(3) drought (3) 가뭄
(4) hyperabundant (4) 과도하게 풍부한
(5) civilization (5) 문명
(6) agonize (6) 고민하다
(7) paleontologist (7) 고생물학자
(8) starvation (8) 기아
(9) hunter-gatherer (9) 수렵 채집인
(10) evolutionary (10) 진화의

95
숙제장
45. 실전모의고사 1회_정답
번호 정답 해설

1. 샘플3 ⑤ ① Not inferable - 남성이 타고난 능력으로 인해 보편적으로 더 성공적이라는 언급이

없다.
② Not inferable - 비서구 문화 여성에 대한 정보가 제공되지 않았다.
③ Not inferable - 전문가들이 성별 차이에만 초점을 맞춰야 한다는 내용은 없다.
④ Not inferable - 성역할이 세대에 따라 변화하고 있다고 언급했다.
⑤ Inferable - 성역할의 변화가 개인의 갈등 스타일 이해에 더 세심한 접근을 요구함을
시사한다.
[어휘] innate 타고난, inherently 본질적으로, mediating 중재하는, nuanced 미묘한
차이가 있는

2. 샘플1 ② ① Incorrect - 'destructive'은 긍정적인 'feedback'을 의미하지 않으며, 'failure'는

원문의 맥락인 'performance'와 맞지 않는다.
② Correct - 'constructive'은 긍정적이고 유익한 피드백을 의미하며,
'performance'는 참가자들의 수행을 잘 나타낸다.
③ Incorrect - 'detrimental'은 부정적인 의미이고, 'achievement'는 원문의 맥락과
완벽하게 일치하지 않는다.
④ Incorrect - 'supportive'는 긍정적이지만, 'decline'은 원문의 긍정적 영향을 반대로
표현한다.
⑤ Incorrect - 'harmful'은 부정적인 의미이며, 'success'는 원문의 맥락을 충분히
반영하지 않는다.

3. 샘플4 ⑤ ① Incorrect - 'fall off the edge of the earth'는 문화적 관점의 변화를 의미하지
않는다.
② Incorrect - 예상치 못한 위험을 만나는 것과는 관련이 없다.
③ Incorrect - 길을 잃는다는 의미와는 다르다.
④ Incorrect - 무지의 결과를 직접적으로 나타내지 않는다.
⑤ Correct - 지구의 경계에서 떨어져 나간다는 의미로 가장 적절하다.

4. 샘플2 해설참조 When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food
reserves makes a lot more difference than a slight upturn.

96