the study of tissue structure

Group of cell with similar structure and function

Epithelial tissue or epithelium (plural epithelia)

*Epi “____”

*Thele “_____”

Covers the external and internal surface throughout the body

Most epithelia have: (3)

not in contact with other cells

adjacent to a basement membrane attaching the epithelial cells to underlying tissues

secreted partly by epithetlial cells and partly by the cells of underlying tissues

Functions of epithelia (5)

Classification of Epithelia (2)

Consist of single layer of cells

Consist of more than one layer of epithelial cells, with some cells sitting on top of others

According to the shape of cells (3)

Flat

Cubelike

Tall and Thin

 Single layer, flat, often hexagonal cells

 Nuclei appear as _____ because cells are so flat

 Functions of simple squamous epithelium (4)

 Location: lining of blood vessels of heart, lymphatic vessels, alveoli of the lungs, portions of
kidney tubules, lining of serous membranes of body cavities

 Single layer of cube-shaped cells

 Some cells have microvilli or cilia

Function of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

 Function: Secretion of cells of glands and choroid plexuses

 Function: Movement of particles embedded in mucus out of the terminal bronchioles by ciliated
cells

 Single layer of tall, narrow cells

 Some cells have cilia or microvilli

 Function: movement of particles out of the bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated cells

 Function: partially responsible for the movement of oocytes through the uterine tubules of
ciliated cells

 Function: secretion by cells of the glands, the stomach and intestine

 Function: absorption by cells of the intestine

 Location: glands and some ducts, bronchioles of the lungs, auditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes,
stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bile ducts and ventricles of the brain

 Single layer of cells

 Some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not

 Nuclei of these cells are at different levels and appear stratified

 Cells are almost always ciliated and are associated with goblet cells that secrete mucus

 Some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not

 Nuclei of these cells are at different levels and appear stratified

 Cells are almost always ciliated and are associated with goblet cells that secrete mucus

 Location: Lining of nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea and bronchi of
the lungs

 Several layers of cells that are cuboidal in the basal layer and progressively flattened toward the
surface

 Function: protects against abrasion, forms a barrier against infection and reduces water loss
from the body
  Location: keratinized – outer layer of the skin

 Location: non-keratinized – mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, inferior urethra and
corneas

 Stratified cells that appear cuboidal when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamous
when the organ or tube is stretched by fluid

 Function: accommodates fluctuations in the volume of fluid in an organ or a tube

 Function: protects against the caustic effects or urine

 Location: lining of urinary bladder, ureters and superior urethra

 Consist of two or three layers of cuboidal cells

 It is the epithelium that often lines the larger ducts of some glands such us major salivary
Glands.

 Consist of atleast two layers of columnar cells although sometimes the cells of the deeper layer
are cuboidal

 It lines the large ducts of some glands

Most epithelial cells exhibit modifications on their apical(superficial), lateral and/or basal
surface that are necessary for the discharge of their specific functions.

Modification on apical surfaces of epithelial cells (4)

 Has short and fine fingerlike extensions or processes of plasma membrane that protrude from
the apical surfaces of the cells

 Are not individually distinguishable under the LM, but in cell where they are particularly
numerous such as those that line the small intestine

 They form a fuzzy, fine certical line on the surface of the epithelium called _____

 Coated on their outer surface by ______.

 Core of microvillus is formed by a network of ________.

 Present in the apical surfaces of the cells that are specialized for transport of fluid or mucus over
the surface of epithelium

 The core (Axoneme) of cilium consist of microtubules that run parallel to its long axis.

 Are simply long cilia.

 In human, only one cell type possesses a flagellum,The ______. Its has only one flagellium
which is otherwise called Tail

 Are simply microvilli that are as long as cilia.

 They are non-motile and their core consist of actin filaments

 Are characteristic of the epithelial cells that line the ductus (Vas) epididymis and ductus
deferens, long tubes that help convey sperm cells from the testes to the external environment

 Also present on the hair cells of the inner ear where they play a role in auditory and vestibular
perception