Biodiversity

A- Conservation

/ Biodiversity
Biodiversity
Conservation
loss

1- 2 Ofs
 BIODIVERSITY
Team coined Edward Wilson
•
by
•
Refers to seem total of diversity that enists
level
as
genetic , species E ecosystem .

Genetic Diversity :
Diversity
well
in No . and

types of genes ,
as as chromosomes

present in
different species .

Western
than
Ghats
Eastern
more
Ghats .
amphibian diversity
.

Species Diversity : rarities in No .

and
richness
of species of a
region .

Ecological Diversity : rarities in

type of
ecosystems .

• India has more than 50,000 genetically

different rarities
of rice
,
1000 rarities
of Mango .

• India has 8.1% share

of global biodiversity
though its land share is 2.4%

• India is one
of 22
Megadiversity countries .
 Attitudinal Patterns

Species diversity decreases

• as we
away from
equator towards holes .

India has 1,200 species birds

•
of .

Rain has
• Amozian
forest in South America

greatest diversity .

Reasons for
greater biodiversity
in Tropics

•
Tropical latitudes
have remained
undisturbed for
millions of
years .

• Environment are
less seasonal , more
constant and
predictable envt .

More solar
•
energy
available .
 Tempt .

of shecies diversity
• David Tilman : showed that increased
diversity contributes to
higher productivity .

essential
•
Biodiversity for stability of ecosystem .

species -
Area Relationship
By : Alexander von

Humboldt

• species richness
increases with
increased area but
limit
upto a .

logs =
log Ct zlogtt
2
Regression coefficient
:

( slope)
value
of 2 btw o l
-
-
o 2
-
 Biodiversity lies
The Evil Quartet : -

as . Habitat
most
loss I
fragmentation
important cause
Amazonian rain
forest cut
for cultivating
( lungs Planet)
of sayabean .

2 .

Overexploitation
Extinction of Steller 's Sea Cow ,

Passenger pigeon
3 .
Allier species invasion

grass ( Parthenium) , water

carrot Lantana I

hyacinth posed thread to native species .

4 . Co extinctions
-

Plant 1 Animal associated with an entinct

species also extinct .

-
Plant pollinator mutualism .

Conservation of Biodiversity
Reasons Biodiversity
for conserving
s .

Narrowly utilitarian : Economic benefit from

food ( cereals pulses)
,
 • firewood
• fibre
• construction material
•
Dyes , Perfumes
• Medicinal products .

utilitarian
2 .

Broadly : provides Oz ,

pollination
soil erosion control

3 .
Ethical

Types of Conservation

In -
situ Ex -
situ

Sacred
•
groves .
cryopreservation
•
forest in khasice I preservation of
hills
Jaintia of Meghalaya seeds at -196 c in
-

Aravalli
. hills
of Rajasthan liquid Nz

•
Biodiversity
out
hotspots .
Zoological parks
34 of hotspots in
world : 3 in India . Botanical garden
western Ghats
Burma
Sriuanka Indo -
.
Wildlife safari park
himalayas
Neet 2017
,
• National parks Go in India) 2020,2018 .
'
2nd)
•
Wildlife Santaaries (492 in 2019
•
Biosphere Reserves ( 14 in India)
 International Efforts
• Earth Summit : Convention on
biological
diversity
-
Held in 1992
( at Rio de - -
Janeiro ,
Brazil)

• World Summit on Sustainable Development

Toreduce
biodiversity losses at
global
and local levels .

( at Johannesburg ,
South Africa in 2002 )

previous Yrs Imm .