DISASTER

READINESS AND
RISK REDUCTION
ANA FIA S. JAPITANA
 Chapter 5:

VOLC ANIC HAZARD

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 Introduction
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The students will be able to:
• explain various volcano-related hazards
• differentiate among different volcano-related
hazards
• recognize signs of an impending volcanic
eruption
• interpret different volcano hazard maps
• apply appropriate measures/interventions
before, during, and after a volcanic eruption
JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.
VOLCANIC HAZARDS
- are phenomena arising from volcanic activity that pose
potential threat to persons or property in a given area
within a given period of time.

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

VOLCANO-RELATED HAZARDS
• Lahars
• Ash Fall
• Pyroclastic Flows
• Volcanic Gases
• Lava Flows
• Debris Avalanche/Volcanic Landslides
• Ballistic Projectiles
• Tsunami

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
LAVA FLOWS CAN
O-
- are stream-like flows of incandescent molten rock RELA
TED
erupted from a crater or fissure. HAZ
- when lava is degassed and/or very viscous, it tends to ARD
S
extrude extremely slowly, forming lava domes

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
ASHFALL OR TEPHRA FALL CAN
O-
- are showers of airborne fine-to coarse-grained volcanic RELA
TED
particles that fall out from the plumes of a volcanic HAZ
eruption ARD
S
- ash fall distribution/dispersal is dependent on prevailing
wind direction

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
ASHFALL OR TEPHRA FALL CAN
O-
- are showers of airborne fine-to coarse-grained volcanic RELA
TED
particles that fall out from the plumes of a volcanic HAZ
eruption ARD
S
- ash fall distribution/dispersal is dependent on prevailing
wind direction

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND SURGES CAN
O-
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS RELA
TED
- are turbulent mass of ejected fragmented volcanic HAZ
materials (ash and rocks), mixed with hot gases (2000 C to ARD
S
7000 C to as hot as 9000 C) that flow downslope at very
high speeds

SURGES
- are the more dilute, more mobile derivatives or pyroclastic
flows.

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND SURGES CAN
O-
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS and SURGES RELA
TED
HAZ
ARD
S

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
CAN
O-
RELA
TED
HAZ
ARD
S

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
LAHARS CAN
O-
RELA
TED
HAZ
ARD
S

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
LAHARS CAN
O-
RELA
TED
HAZ
ARD
S

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
LAHARS CAN
O-
- are rapidly flowing thick mixture of volcanic sediments RELA
TED
(from the pyroclastic materials) and water, usually HAZ
triggered by intense rainfall during typhoons, monsoons ARD
S
and thunderstorms.

- can occur immediately after eruption or can become long-

term problem if there is voluminous pyroclastic materials
erupted (such as the Pinatubo eruption, 1991)

- can occur long after an eruption has taken place (such as

the lahars at Mayon Volcano, 1984)

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
VOLCANIC GASES CAN
O-
- gases and aerosols released into the atmosphere, which RELA
TED
include water vapor, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, HAZ
carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride ARD
S

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
BALLISTIC PROJECTILES CAN
O-
- are Volcanic materials directly ejected from the volcano’s RELA
TED
vent with force and trajectory HAZ
ARD
S

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
BALLISTIC PROJECTILES CAN
O-
- are Volcanic materials directly ejected from the volcano’s RELA
TED
vent with force and trajectory HAZ
ARD
S

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
DEBRIS AVALANCHE OR VOLCANIC LANDSLIDE CAN
O-
- massive collapse of a volcano, usually triggered by an RELA
TED
earthquake or volcanic eruption. HAZ
- an example of recent debris avalanche event occurred ARD
S
during the 1980 eruption of Mt. St Helens

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
TSUNAMI CAN
O-
RELA
TED
HAZ
ARD
S

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

 VOL
TSUNAMI CAN
O-
- sea waves or wave trains that are generated by sudden RELA
TED
displacement of water (could be generated during HAZ
undersea eruptions or debris avalanches ARD
S

JAPITANA, Ana Fia S.

5
ACITVITY NUMBER 5
Research about your assigned volcano:
1 Whole Yellow Pad
Site the following:
1. Location
2. Provinces around the volcano
3. Number of eruptions and most devastated
4. Last recorded eruption
5. Kinds of Volcanic Hazard Present
6. Impacts/Effects of eruptions

Attached with: (1 Long size bond paper)

7. Different Hazard Maps
 Pyroclastic Flow & Lahar Flow
West – South West Direction
Pulupundan

Bago City

Canlaon City

Pontevedra
La Carlotta

Binalbagan

La Castellana Moises Padilla