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OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
K: Identify the various hazards of earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions and landslides.
S: Describe the attributes/behavior and danger of each
natural hazard.
A: Manifest awareness by suggesting ways to help lessen
the occurrence of landslides in your community.
LEARNING COMPTENCIES:
◆ Describe the various hazards that may happen in the event of
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides.
(MELC) S11/12ES-If-30
◆ Using hazard maps, identify areas prone to hazards brought
about by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides.
(MELC) S11/12 ES-1f-31
◆ Using hazard maps, identify areas prone to hazards brought
about by tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods and ipo-ipo.
(MELC) S11/12ES-Ig-36
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I. WHAT HAPPENED
Activity 1. HAZZ-MATH!
Combo #1
https://www.change.org/p/denr-stop-the-cruel-act-of-deforestation
https://www.dw.com/en/typhoon-mangkhut-makes-landfall-in-philippines/a-45492945
Combo #2
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/502714377151701912/
https://www.insider.com/best-beaches-in-world-2018-according-to-travel-experts-2018-11
Combo #3
https://www.rankred.com/magma-has-more-water-content/
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51087672
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Activity 2.
Analyze the scenario picture, and answer on tour notebook.
http://ensignsafety.in/hazards_blog.html
1) Why do you think that the scenario shown above portray
the word “hazard”?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________________.
2) Enumerate the hazards shown in the picture.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________.
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II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
https://filipiknow.net/earthquake-in-the-philippines/
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GROUND DISPLACEMENT – the
second main earthquake hazard;
also referred to as surface rupture
which is characterized by ground
movement along a fault.
https://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/20683/20190423/the-big-
one-philippines-project-a-death-toll-of-34-000-from-possible-
quake.htm
https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/14/asia/new-zealand-
earthquake/index.html
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FIRE - The fourth main earthquake hazard is
fire. These fires can be started by broken
gas lines and power lines, or tipped over
wood or coal stoves. They can be a serious
problem, especially if the water lines that
feed the fire hydrants are broken, too. For
example, after the Great San Francisco
Earthquake in 1906, the city burned for
three days. Most of the city was destroyed
and 250,000 people were left homeless.
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LAHARS – Lahars, also known as “mudflows” are part of the family of debris
flows that are fluids composed of mixtures of water and particles of all sizes
from clay-size to gigantic boulders. The
abundance of solid matter carries the
water, unlike watery floods where water
carries the fragments. Lahars are
composed of volcanic particles and
originate directly or indirectly from
volcanic action. Lahars can form by hot
pyroclastic surges or flows entering
watershed systems or flowing over snow
and ice, by eruptions through crater lakes,
by heavy rains on loose volcanic debris.
LAVA FLOWS - Lava flows rarely threaten human life because lava usually
moves slowly, a few centimeters per hour for silicic flows to several
km/hour for basaltic flows. Major hazards of lava flows include burying,
crushing, covering, burning
everything in their path. Sometimes
lava melts ice and snow to cause
floods and lahars. Lava flows can
destroy dam rivers to form lakes
that might overflow and break their
dams causing floods.
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from that of pumice (less than 0.5 mm) to solid pieces of lava and
boulders of hot volcanic rocks. They also travel in high speeds and carries
great momentum as it falls. Many of the hazards of tephra falls can be
mitigated with proper planning and preparation.
HAZARDS OF LANDSLIDES -
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/291397038360033608/
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HAZARDS OF LANDSLIDES
What is a Landslide?
https://www.idahogeology.org/landslide-hazards
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TOPPLE - Toppling failures are
distinguished by the forward rotation of
a unit or units about some pivotal point,
below or low in the unit, under the
actions of gravity and forces exerted by
adjacent units or by fluids in cracks.
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EFFECTS OF LANDSLIDE
1. Anything on top of or in the path of a landslide will suffer damage.
2. Rubble may block roads, lines of communication or waterways.
3. Indirect effect may include loss of productivity of agricultural or forest lands.
4. Reduced property values, destruction of infrastructures.
5. Flooding
6. Casualties- fatalities may occur due to slope failure.
• Tropical cyclone or bagyo - a rapidly rotating low-pressure system that forms over
tropical oceans.
Source: https://int.search.myway.com/
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Typhoon 118-219 km/h
Super Typhoon Faster than 220 km/h
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TROPICAL CYCLONE HAZARDS:
1. A flood is an overflow of water over a normally dry land. Due to heavy rainfall
brought by a typhoon, the water levels in dams and rivers increase. The water
then overflows to nearby land areas. A flood can damage houses, buildings, and
bridges. Flash flood, which is a sudden, rapid flooding, may cause drowning and
fatal injuries.
Source: https://int.search.myway.com/
Source: https://int.search.myway.com/
3. A landslide is the movement of a mass of rocks, soil, and debris down a slope. It
can be triggered by heavy rainfall.
Source: https://int.search.myway.com/
https://int.search.myway.com/
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4. A storm surge is an abnormal rise of sea water due to a typhoon. It is
created when water is being pushed toward the shore by the force of the
winds moving in a circular manner. It ravages beaches and coastal areas.
Source: https://int.search.myway.com/
https://unsplash.com/photos/AFbg6jwoSpQ
Source: https://unsplash.com/photos/AFbg6jwoSpQ
• Heavy rainfall and strong wind can damage residential and industrial
buildings. It can also destroy agricultural crops.
• A landslide may happen when the soil becomes saturated with water
due to heavy rainfall. The soil and rocks from the slope can move down
and destroy many properties along the way.
• A flood may occur due to heavy rainfall that saturates the soil and
causes an overflow of water to dry land areas.
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c. An ipo-ipo (tornado) is a violently spinning wind on land that appears like
a funnel-shaped cloud. It can destroy large buildings, uproot trees, and hurl
vehicles.
Source: https://int.search.myway.com/
Ipo-Ipo Hazard
The strong whirling wind can lift and hurl objects it encounters no matter how
heavy the object is. It causes destruction of houses, buildings, dams, and
bridges. The lifted objects may also cause injuries and death upon impact
Here are the practical ways you can do before, during, and after a flood:
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• If flood alert is issued in your area, move valuables and furniture to higher
levels and disconnect electrical appliance.
• Prepare and emergency kit and supplies like food and water.
• If you see any signs of flood, turn off the main source of electricity and go
to a higher place such as the second floor or attic.
• Do not wade along flooded areas to keep yourself from having water-
borne diseases.
• In case you need to pass through the flood, wear protective gears such as
boots and raincoats.
• Follow any evacuation orders.
• Watch out for live wires or any electrical outlet submerged in water.
• If you are inside a vehicle and water rises around it, leave it immediately.
Climb to higher ground as quickly as possible.
• If you see someone falls or is trapped in flood water, do not go after the
victim. Throw the victim a floatation device such as tire, large ball, or ice
chest. Then ask help from a trained rescuer.
• Have an electrician inspect your house wirings and electrical outlets before
using them.
• Clean up your house. Dispose of things that may be used by mosquitoes to
breed like water vase and anything that can hold stagnant water.
• Boil water before drinking because it may have been contaminated.
• Do not go or return to flooded areas until the authorities say that it is safe to
do so.
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POST-ACTIVITY
Procedure:
• Study the Map of Negros Oriental below.
• Identify the different municipalities/cities that are prone to earthquakes,
floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions and typhoons.
• Write the answers in your notebook or activity sheet.
https://int.search.myway.com/
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III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Post Test: Write your answers in your notebook or activity sheet.
___________1. Pyroclastic density currents are debris flows that are fluids
composed of mixtures of water and particles of all sizes from clay-
size to gigantic boulders.
__________2. Hazards only pertain to things that are harmful and dangerous to
oneself.
Directions. Choose the best answer to the statements below. Write the letter of
your choice.
6. Which continent has the greatest concentration of volcanoes?
a. Asia c. Antarctica
b. Africa d. North America
7. What is referred to be the primary earthquake hazard?
a. Liquefaction c. Surface rupture
b. Ground shaking d. Tsunami
8. It contains all pieces of fragments of rock ejected into the air by an
erupting volcano.
a. Pyroclastic density currents c. Lahar
b. Lava d. Tephra
9. Which world trench does not sit on the Ring of Fire?
a. Mariana’s Trench c. Aleutian Trench
b. Peru-Chile Trench d. South Sandwich Trench
10. All are catalysts of landslides, except:
a. typhoons c. seismic activity
b. volcanic activity d. water
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11. What does the term monsoon mean?
a. storm surge c. extreme weather
b. seasonal wind d. prolonged drought
12. Wind speed that is greater than 220 km/h is
a. super typhoon b. typhoon
c. tropical storm d. tropical depression
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REFERENCES
I don't know where I'm a gonna go when the volcano blows, Retrieved July 7, 2020 from
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/hazards/primer/
Tephra Fall Is a Widespread Volcanic Hazard, Retrieved July 14, 2020 from
https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/cascade_tephra.html
Volcanoes and The Ring of Fire, Retrieved July 14, 2020 from
https://sites.google.com/site/volcanoesandtheringoffireurja/what-is-the-ring/countries-in-
the-ring-of-fire
What are the hazards from volcanoes?, Retrieved July 7, 2020 from
https://chis.nrcan.gc.ca/volcano- volcan/hazard-risque-en.php
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator
ROSELA R. ABIERA
LR Manager/LRMDS
ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO
MARICEL S. RACID
Librarian
HENDELBERT P. BARNIDO
Writer
______________________________________
MEMBERS OF THE BETA QUALITY ASSURANCE TEAM
LIELIN A. DE LA ZERNA
MIEL C. PACULANANG
ARJIE T. PALUMPA
LIEZEL A. AGOR
EUFRATES G. ANSOK JR.
JOAN Y. BUBULI
MA. OFELIA I. BUSCATO
LIELIN A. DE LA ZERNA
THOMAS JOGIE U. TOLEDO
DISCLAIMER
The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning
modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully
researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were
clearly instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to
copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.
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SYNOPSIS
We sure have the responsibility to give back to Nature every little thing we
can to help restore its vibrance because there is nothing like our Earth in all of
cosmos.
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