TYPES OF ROCKS AND THEIR

CHARACTERISTICS AND
WEATHERING
for Earth and Life Science/ Grade 11

Quarter 1 / Week 3
 FOREWORD

Dear students of Senior High School. Welcome back to

this week’s module where you will journey to the new lesson.
This module will serve as a guide in identifying different type of
rocks and its characteristics. In addition, you will also be
acquiring ideas about how the products of weathering are
carried away by erosion. It will be your aid as you learn new
scientific words, ideas, and enrich your existing knowledge
about scientific concepts.
In this module you will be gaining knowledge in
identifying different type of rocks and its characteristics and
weathering. It is our sincere aim to provide you with relevant
activities, exercises and assessment that we believe would be
necessary in order for you to acquire the appropriate
information.
The activities in this module are easily and carefully made
for you to enjoy while learning. Your time, effort and active
involvement in all these activities will really make a difference
for you.
Remember that we will continue and never stop in
sharpening and widening your knowledge about the different
topics in Earth and Life Science.

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OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this lesson, the learners shall be able to:

K: Identify the different types of rock,

S: Describe the various characteristics of the different types of rock, and
A: Show awareness on how weathering affects soil and living organisms

LEARNING COMPTENCIES:

➢ Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic (S11ES-Ic-6)

➢ Explain how the products of weathering are carried

away by erosion and deposited elsewhere. (S11/12ES-
Ib-12)

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I. WHAT HAPPENED

Activity 1: Let’s Play! 4 pics 1 word!

Directions: Identify the word indicated in the 4 pictures.

___ ___ ___ ___

___ ___ ___ ___

4
Activity 2: Guess Me!

Direction: Arrange the scrambled letters inside the box to

form the correct words related to weathering and write the
answer in your notebook.

1. GWEHINATER ENOSIRO
2.

________________ _______________

3. 4.
SEMOENTATINDI UFLMODW

________________ _______________

5.
SPMLU

_______________

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II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=classifying+rocks+activtities&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi5tKSe
rozqAhVIb5QKHeKsAeMQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=classifying+rocks+activtities&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1Cp2gNYko4EYMSPBGgA
cAB4AIABAIgBAJIBAJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1n&sclient=img&ei=vePrXvnhGcje0QTi2Ya
YDg&bih=625&biw=1366#imgrc=fXiTmIgNAm1lgM

Rock Specimens

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 WHAT IS A ROCK?

-Rock is a naturally substance consisting of aggregate

minerals
Clumped together with other Earth materials through natural
processes.

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=classifying+rocks+activities&tbm=isch&chips=q:classifying+r
ocks+activity,g_1:worksheet:ZA3QcbqzTtQ%3D&hl=en&ved=2ahUKEwiGyfK_rozqAhVvE6YKHV30
CJkQ4lYoAHoECAEQFA&biw=1349&bih=576#imgrc=YzD0BxdurQ8sVM

Classification of Rocks

1. IGNEOUS ROCKS – derived from the Latin word ignis

meaning “fire”
2. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS – from the root word sediments which
means “remaining particles”
3. METAMORPHIC ROCKS – meta means “change” and
morph means “form”

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 THE ROCK CYCLE
- Is a diagram that shows the continuous succession of how
rocks
form, break down, and reform as a result of the processes
that induces the formation of igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic rocks.

Igneous rocks begin as melted rocks (magma), and

then in time, Crystallize and freeze, depending on the
condition of the environment. Weathering, or the breaking
down of rocks and soil, allows igneous rocks to be mixed with
other Earth materials and be transported to another place.
The mixture is compacted and cemented, resulting in
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sedimentary rocks. As rocks continue to move and be
exposed to various heat and pressure, they change
physically and chemically, sometimes causing the formation
of metamorphic rocks. In some cases, sedimentary and
metamorphic rocks are pushed deep under the surface of
the Earth until they sink into the mantle(subduction). In this
case, they can transform to igneous rocks.

Exogenous Processes (taken from the REX book of Earth and

Life Science pp: 43-46)

They are usually influenced or driven by gravity, water,

wind and organisms. In extreme cases, these can wipe out
majority of the organisms inhabiting the area.

The following are the different types:

➢ Weathering – It is the disintegration of rocks, soil and
minerals together with other materials through contact
with Earth’s subsystems. This happens even without
movement or transportation. It refers to the breaking
down of soil and rocks and it occurs in situ or on the
spot. It is the gradual destruction of rock under surface
conditions, dissolving it, wearing it away or breaking it
down into progressively smaller pieces.

2 types of weathering:

• Physical weathering –Is the breaking down of rocks

by mechanical forces concentrated along rock
fractures. This can occur due to changes whether
sudden or not, in temperature, pressure and etc. It
does not just affect the earth. It can also affect
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 some brick and stone buildings over time. In some
cases, water, wind or ice may abrade or scrape
rocks or soil.

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=physical+weathering&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjo1u-
ispDrAhVFy4sBHfkmDPkQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=physical+weathering&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgYIABAHEB4yBg
gAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAcQHl
DsJlilMmCvNWgAcAB4AIAB1wKIAZoGkgEFMi0yLjGYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&scli
ent=img&ei=thwxX-ijD8WWr7wP-
c2wyA8&bih=625&biw=1366&hl=en#imgrc=P9suVQG1KT04BM&imgdii=t9a1eWhTq-TAGM
• Chemical weathering – Is the process by which
rocks break down by chemical reactions. In this
process, new or secondary minerals develop and
sometimes replace the original properties of the
minerals in the original rock or soil. Oxidation (the
reaction of a substance with oxygen) and
hydrolysis (the chemical breakdown of a
substance when combined with water) are
chemical processes that contribute to chemical
weathering. It involves the decomposition or
decay of rock. This type of weathering does not
break rocks down but rather alters its chemical
composition through carbonation, hydration,
oxidation or hydrolysis.

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https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=physical+weathering&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEw

jo1u-ispDrAhVFy4sBHfkmDPkQ2-

cCegQIABAA&oq=physical+weathering&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgYIABA

HEB4yBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHE

B4yBggAEAcQHlDsJlilMmCvNWgAcAB4AIAB1wKIAZoGkgEFMi0yLjGYAQCgAQGqAQtnd

3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=thwxX-ijD8WWr7wP-

c2wyA8&bih=625&biw=1366&hl=en#imgrc=4Pwti41jLuRv8M&imgdii=Jehi7Gf6UqxzUM

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=chemical+weathering+&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiehbWo

spDrAhUN0ZQKHTQEB44Q2-

cCegQIABAA&oq=chemical+weathering+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAy

AggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA6BAgAEEM6BwgAELEDEEM6CAgAELEDEIMBOgYI

ABAHEB5QrI8VWKW6FWC2vBVoAHAAeACAAaQDiAH6HZIBCTAuMy44LjIuMZgBAKABAaoB

C2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=wRwxX96gNY2i0wS0iJzwCA&bih=625&biw=1366

&hl=en#imgrc=l0DO7yvFAeByiM

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• Erosion – It is the process by which Earth’s
surface is worn away by wind, water, or ice. It
moves rock debris or soil from one place to
another. It takes place when there is rainfall,
surface runoff, flowing rivers, flooding, seawater
intrusion, freezing and thawing, hurricanes, wind
and etc.

https://www.google.com/search?q=erosion+in+mounta
ins&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjCg57stZDrAhVF3pQKHcYBDg8Q2c
CegQIABAA&oq=erosion+in+mount&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMg

➢ Mass wasting – This refers to the movement of large

IIADIGCAAQBRAeOgQIABAYUMC3AViMvwFg28wBaABwAHgAgA
GQBYgB

masses of materials (rock, debris, soil, mud) down a

slope or a steep-sided hill or mountain due to the pull of
gravity. It is very destructive in areas with increased
water flow (such as rainfall or flash floods), Steep slopes,
scarce or no vegetation, or vibrating or moving ground.

Different forms of mass wasting:

✓ Debris flow – It happens when a large amount of
sediments, usually rocks of various sizes, fall down
the slope. Unlike a landslide, debris flow does not
need water to flow down.
✓ Mudflow – It happens when combined soil and
water flow down a slope. This usually happens near
rivers or streams where soil or sand is always moist
or has been soaked in water for a long time.

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 ✓ Slump – It is a slow movement of soil along a
curved surface. In time, the area would look
curved because of the depression formed by the
sinking land.

➢ Sedimentation – It is the accumulation of materials such

as soil, rock fragments,
and soil particles settling on the ground. This usually
occurs in streams and sea
erosion. In ocean, the sediment layer can form the
ocean basin. Because geologic processes are constant,
ocean basins change in size and depth.

https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/process-of-sedimentation-vector-3510256

Activity 3:
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A. Answer briefly the following:

Direction:
B.Match your answer of column A from column B by drawing a line.

Column B
Column A
a. mudflow

b. mass
wasting

c. weathering
1.
http://kendallalyse.blogspot.com/2012/03/mass-wasting.html
d. slump

e. erosion
2. It is a slow movement of soil along a curved surface.
3. It is the process by which Earth’s surface is worn away by
wind, water, or ice.
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4. It refers to the breaking down of soil and rocks and it occurs in
situ or on the spot.
5. It happens when combined soil and water flow down a slope.
III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Brain Challenge!
Directions:
A. TRUE/FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if
Incorrect on the blank provided before each number. (2pts each)

______________ 1. Rock is a naturally substance consisting of

aggregate
minerals clumped together with other Earth materials through
natural processes.

______________ 2. meta means “change” and morph means

“heat”

_______________ 3. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS – from the root word

sediments which means “remaining particles”

________________ 4. Igneous rocks begin as melted rocks

(magma), and then in time, crystallize and freeze, depending on
the condition of the environment.

_________________ 5. Rock cycle is a diagram that shows the

continuous succession of how rocks form, break down, and reform
as a result of the processes that induces the formation of igneous,
sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

B. Draw a if the statement is correct and if incorrect.

_____ 1. Exogenous processes on Earth take place or in the interior of

Earth.

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_____ 2. Oxidation refers to the reaction of a substance with oxygen.
_____ 3. Sedimentation is the accumulation of materials such as soil,
rock fragments,
and soil particles settling on the ground.
____ 4. Physical weathering is the breaking down of rocks by
mechanical forces
concentrated along rock fractures.
_____ 5. Unlike a landslide, debris flow needs water to flow down.

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References

Books

Earth and Life Science DIWA Senior High Series (pp. 39-42)

Webpages

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=simple+rock+cycle+explanation&tbm=isch&ved=2ah
UKEwivut2YsIzqAhVVAaYKHTUTDAgQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=simple+rock+cycle+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgEMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIA
DICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIAFCsxQFYitEBYIXmAWgAcAB4AIABvAOIAc8PkgEJMC
4xLjQuMS4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWc&sclient=img&ei=yuXrXq-
tJ9WCmAW1prBA&bih=576&biw=1349&hl=en#imgrc=K2dSX1YYzhHgMM

“Freeze and Thaw: Causes of Physical Weathering”. Uploaded on September 29, 2014.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/21728850@N02/15203576438.

G, Harold. “Physical Weathering vs. Chemical Weathering”. Diifzi.com.

https://diffzi.com/physical-weathering-vs-chemical-weathering/ Last Modified on May
11, 2020.

“Mass Wasting”. Oceanside, California Blog. http://kendallalyse.blogspot.com/2012/03/mass-

wasting.html. Posted THURSDAY, MARCH 8, 2012.

Metageologist . “Erosion makes mountains beautiful”. http://all-

geo.org/metageologist/2012/12/erosion-mountains-beautiful/
Posted December 9, 2012.

“Natural Process of Sedimentation”. VectorStock. https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-

vector/process-of-sedimentation-vector-3510256.

“Physical vs. Chemical Weathering”. Quizlet.com.

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=physical%20weathering&tbm=isch&hl=en&hl=
e
n&tbs=rimg%3ACeD8LYuNYy7kYRiMWD9QPZTw&sa=X&ved=0CB4QuIIBahcKEwiQuv_R
gJ
XrAhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQCA&biw=1349&bih=638#imgrc=Jehi7Gf6UqxzUM&imgdii=4P
w ti41jLuRv8M.

“Physical Weathering”. The Geological Society of London.

https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/ks3/gsl/education/resources/rockcycle/page3561.html

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent
FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief
ADOLF P. AGUILAR
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)
ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
Education Program Supervisor – (SCIENCE & MATH)
MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)
ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)
MA. OFELIA I. BUSCATO
Writer

ZENLI ROSE B. MONGCUPA

Lay-out Artist

BETA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY
MERCY G. DAGOY
RANJEL D. ESTIMAR
MARIA SALOME B. GOMEZ
JUSTIN PAUL KINAMOT
ARJIE T. PALUMPA
ALPHA Q A TEAM
LIEZEL A. AGOR
EUFRATES G. ANSOK JR.
MA. OFELIA I. BUSCATO
LIELIN A. DE LA ZERNA
THOMAS JOGIE U. TOLEDO

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 SYNOPSIS ANSWERS KEY
Activity 1:
This Module is all about how the three types of rocks1 and 2. ROCK
Activity 2:
and how it was formed. The occurrence of rocks is a 1. WEATHERING
2. EROSION
naturally existing and the types are igneous, 3. SEDIMENTATION
4. MUDFLOW
sedimentary and metamorphic rock. It was formed 5. SLUMP
Activity 3:
through the process of rock cycle in which various A.
1. magma
geological processes happened. In addition, this 2.igneous rock
3. sediment
module also discussed about and how the products 4. sedimentary rock
5. metamorphic rock
weathering are carried away by erosion and deposited B.
1. b 2. D 3. E 4. C 5. a
elsewhere. These could be destructive occurrences
What I have learned
that leave significant changes on the landscape and A. 1. TRUE 2. FALSE 3. TRUE 4. TRUE 5. TRUE
B.
even in the ecosystem of an area.
2,3,4

ABOUT THE AUTHOR 1&5

Ma. Ofelia I. Buscato, RN,LPT is a Registered Nurse and

a Licensed Professional Teacher currently teaching
Senior High School at Ong Che Tee Bacong High
School located at Sacsac,Bacong, Negros Oriental.
She completed the Comprehensive Academic
Requirements(CAR) in her Masters of Education major
in General Science at Foundation University.

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