CELL STRUCTURE LOCATION DESCRIPTION FUNCTION

Cell Wall

 Outer layer Support (grow tall)

Plant, Fungi, & 
 Rigid & strong Protection
Bacteria, but not animal 
 Made of cellulose allows H2O, O2, CO2 to
cells 
diffuse in & out of cell

Cell Membrane  Support

 Plant - inside cell wall
 Protection
 Animal - outer layer;
 Controls movement of
cholesterol
materials in/out of cell
All cells  Double layer of phospholipids
 Barrier between cell and
with proteins
its environment
 Selectively permeable
 Maintains homeostasis
 Nucleus
 Large, oval
 Controls cell activities
 May contain 1 or more
All cells except  Contains the hereditary
nucleoli
prokaryotes material of the cell
 Holds DNA

 Surrounds nucleus  Controls movement of

 Double membrane materials in/out of
All cells except
 Selectively permeable nucleus
prokaryotes

Nuclear membrane

 Clear, thick, jellylike material

(cytosol)
 Organelles found inside cell  Supports and protects cell
All cells membrane organelles
 Contains the cytoskeleton
fibers
Cytoplasm
 Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
 Network of tubes or
membranes
 Smooth w/o ribosomes  Carries materials through
All cells except  Rough with embedded cell
prokaryotes ribosomes  Aids in making proteins
 Connects to nuclear envelope
& cell membrane

Ribosome
 Small bodies free or attached
to ER  Synthesizes proteins
All cells
 Made of rRNA & protein

Mitochondrion  Peanut shaped  Breaks down sugar

 Double membrane (glucose) molecules to
 Outer membrane smooth release energy
All cells except  Inner membrane folded into  Site of aerobic cellular
prokaryotes cristae respiration
 Vacuole

Plant cells have a  Store food, water,

single, large vacuole  Fluid-filled sacs metabolic & toxic wastes
 Largest organelle in plant cells  Store large amounts of
Animal cells have small food or sugars in plants
vacuoles

Lysosome
 Breaks down larger food
 Small and round with a single molecules into smaller
Plant - uncommon
membrane molecules
Animal - common
 Digests old cell parts

 Green, oval containing

chlorophyll (green pigment)
 Double membrane with inner
Chloroplast membrane modified into sacs  Uses energy from sun to
called thylakoids make food (glucose) for
 Stacks of thylakoids called the plant
Plants and algae  Process called
grana & interconnected
 Gel like innermost substance photosynthesis
called stroma  Release oxygen
 nucleolus
 Found inside the cell's nucleus
All cells except  May have more than one  Make ribosomes
prokaryotes  Disappear during cell division

Golgi Apparatus
 Have a cis & trans face
 Modify proteins made by
All cells except  Stacks of flattened sacs the cells
prokaryotes  Package & export
proteins

Cilia
 Have a 9-2 arrangement of
Animal cells, microtubules  Movement
Protozoans  Short, but numerous

Flagellum  Have a 9-2 arrangement of

Bacterial cells & microtubules  Movement
Protozoans  Long, but few in number

Centrioles Animal cells  Paired structures near the  Separate chromosome

 nucleus
 Made of a cylinder of pairs during mitosis
microtubule pairs

Cytoskeleton

 Strengthen cell &

 Made of microtubules 7 maintains the shape
All cells microfilaments  Moves organelles within
the cell

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