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1. What is Content Management System (CMS)?

The Content Management System (CMS) is a software which stores all the data such as text, photos, music,
documents, etc. and is made available on your website. It helps in editing, publishing and modifying the
content of the website.

WordPress was initially released on 27th May, 2003 by Matt Mullenweg and Mike Little. WordPress was
announced as open source in October 2009.

2. Write various Features of Word Press?

i) User Management: It allows managing the user information such as changing the role of the users to
(subscriber, contributor, author, editor or administrator), create or delete the user, change the password and
user information. The main role of the user manager is Authentication.

ii) Media Management: It is the tool for managing the media files and folder, in which you can easily upload,
organize and manage the media files on your website,

Theme System: It allows modifying the site view and functionality. It includes images, style sheet, template
files and custom pages.

iii) Extend with Plugins: Several plugins are available which provides custom functions and features according
to the users need.

iv) Search Engine Optimization: It provides several search engine optimization (SEO) tools which makes on-site
SEO simple.

v) Multilingual: It allows translating the entire content into the language preferred by the user.

Importers: It allows importing data in the form of posts. It imports custom files, comments, post pages and
tags.

3. Write advantages of Word Press.

i. It is an open source platform and available for free.

ii. CSS files can be modified according to the design as per users need.

iii.There are many plugins and templates available for free. Users can customize the various plugins as per
their need.

iv. It is very easy to edit the content as it uses WYSIWYG editor (What You See Is What You Get is a user
interface that allows the user to directly manipulate the layout of document without having a layout
command).

v. Media files can be uploaded easily and quickly.

vi. It offers several SEO tools which makes on-site SEO simple.

vii. Customization is easy according to the user's needs.

viii. It allows creating different roles for users for website such as admin, author, editor and contributor.
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4. Write Disadvantages of Word Press.

i Using several plugins can make the website heavy to load and run.

ii. PHP knowledge is required to make modifications or changes in the WordPress website.Sometimes
software needs to be updated to keep the WordPress up-to- date with the current browsers and mobile
devices. Updating WordPress version leads to loss of data, so a backup copy of the website is required.

iii. Modifying and formatting the graphic images and tables is difficult.

5. What is WAMP?

WAMP is an acronym that stands for Windows, Apache, MySQL, and PHP. It's a software stack which means
installing WAMP installs Apache, MySQL, and PHP on your operating system (Windows in the case of WAMP).

What's good to know is that WAMP derives from LAMP (the L stands for Linux).

The only difference between these two is that WAMP is used for Windows, while LAMP - for Linux based
operating systems.

Let's quickly go over what each letter represents:

1. "W" stands for Windows, there's also LAMP (for Linux) and MAMP (for Mac).

2. "A" stands for Apache. Apache is the server software that is responsible for serving web pages. When
you request a page to be seen by you, Apache grants your request over HTTP and shows you the site.

3. "M" stands for MySQL.. MySQL's job is to be the database management system for your server. It stores
all of the relevant information like your site's content, user profiles, etc.

4. "P" stands for PHP. It's the programming language that was used to write WordPress. It acts like glue for
this whole software stack. PHP is running in conjunction with Apache and communicating with MySQL.

Instead of installing and testing WordPress on your hosting account, you can do it on your personal computer
(localhost).

WAMP acts like a virtual server on your computer. It allows you to test all WordPress features without any
consequences since it's localized on your machine and is not connected to the web.

First of all, this means that you don't need to wait until files are uploaded to your site, and secondly - this
makes creating backups much easier.

WAMP speeds up the work process for both developers and theme designers alike.

6. What is Bitnami?

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A. Bitnami is a library of well-known server applications and development environments that can easily be
installed with a one-click option. It is easy to configure this application and its components so it works
properly. Bitnami basically provides you an application environment that further lets you install and run
hundreds of distinct open source applications such as WordPress, Joomla, Drupal locally on your Windows
computer as well as Mac devices.

Since it is a time consuming and can be a difficult task (for beginners) to install MySQL, Apache, PHP
separately in order to run WordPress (or any other server application) locally. There Bitnami comes to
rescue. Bitnami application packages give a secure and well-optimized end-user experience on any platform.

7. How Bitnami works?

Since Bitnami comes fully packaged with Apache, MySQL, and PHP when installed. Hence it sets up a local
web host along with your chosen web application to serve the purpose. Bitnami is the easiest way to host
numerous open source applications such as WordPress, Joomla, Drupal, PrestaShop, etc. directly on your
computer effortlessly.

While working with Bitnami, you may come across many terms related to it like Bitnami stack, Bitnami
WordPress stack, Bitnami XAMPP, and many other.

8. What are the system requirements for Word Press?

System Requirements for WordPress

i. Database: MySQL 5.0+

ii. Web Server

a. WAMP (Windows)

b. LAMP (Linux)

c. XAMP (Multi-platform)

d. MAMP (Macintosh)

iii. Operating System: Cross-platform

iv. Browser Support: IE (Internet Explorer 8+), Firefox, Google chrome, Safari, Opera

v. PHP Compatibility: PHP5.2+

9. What is Widget?
WordPress Widgets add content and features to your Sidebars. Examples are the default widgets that come
with WordPress; for Categories, Tag cloud, Search, etc. Plugins will often add their own widgets. Widgets
were originally designed to provide a simple and easy-to-use way of giving design and structure control of
the WordPress Theme to the user, which is now available on properly "widgetized" WordPress Themes to
include the header, footer, and elsewhere in the WordPress design and structure. Widgets require no code
experience or expertise. They can be added, removed, and rearranged on the Theme Customizer or
Appearance > Widgets in the WordPress Administration Screens.

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Some WordPress Widgets offer customization and options such as forms to fill out, includes or excludes of
data and information, optional images, and other customization features.

The Appearance Widgets Screen explains how to use the various Widgets that come delivered with
WordPress.

Plugins that come bundled with widgets can be found in the WordPress Plugin Directory.

Installing Widgets WordPress comes pre-packaged with a variety of Glossary#Widget Widgets. If those are
insufficient for your needs you can install new ones by searching the WordPress Plugin Directory which is
accessible from the WordPress Administration Plugins > Add New Screen.

1. Explain about working with Widget in wordpress?

A. A widget is a stand-alone block of code that works as an extension of WordPress that you can add to your sidebar
or footer area. In essence, they are website-ready applications that offer greater functionality.

You can position them in a variety of locations and may consist of almost anything you need for the site. For
instance, the Google Analytics Dashboard plugin provides a widget that will display your traffic states.

WordPress has a variety of widgets by default, but there are multiple ways to add them. The most common way is
via a plugin. Many plugins add a widget after they have been activated. In fact, some plugins only work through the
widget they add.

1. Adding A Widget Normally

Adding widgets in WordPress is very simple thanks to the click and drag interface WordPress utilizes. There are two
main ways to add widgets in WordPress, the first is by the default drag and drop method, while the second is by
using accessibility mode.

In this mode, you will not have to drag and drop, which is difficult for some people. Instead, you can add them
through a series of button presses. Both of them are equally easy to do, so let's get started.

On the left-hand admin panel, click on Appearance and select the Widgets option.

Here you can view all of the widgets currently available on your website and the areas you can add them. The areas
you can add them are dependent on the theme you are using. Each theme is unique so you may have different
options available. However, they all work the same.

Simply click on a widget and drag it to the appropriate area.

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When you add a widget, you will be presented with options to configure it in a variety of ways. However, each
widget is unique.

2. Accessibility Mode

First, you must enable accessibility mode. To do this, click on the Enable accessibility mode option in the top right
corner of the Widgets area.

You should now notice an "Add" button next to all of the widgets. Click on the "Add" button for a widget you want to
add.

At the top, you will be able to customize the widget settings. Again, this is unique for each plugin. At the bottom, you
will be able to select where to add the widget and the position it takes.

For instance, if you want to add it to your sidebar and at the top, you would pick the sidebar and position 1. Click on
the "Save Widget" button when you are done.

While in this mode, you can click on the "Edit" button at any time to make changes to the widget.

Now that you know how to add widgets, you need to learn how to remove them.

3. Removing Widgets

It is very common to regularly change the widgets you are using, as such, you are going to need to know how to
remove widgets so you can make room for new ones. Luckily, this is equally as easy.
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If you are using the default Widget settings, simply expand the widget settings and click on the Delete option.

If you are using accessibility mode; click on the "Edit" button, and then click on the "Delete" button.

2. Briefly explain about Menus in wordpress?

The Menu is a list of options presented to the user. They are mostly used as a navigation building method on
WordPress websites. Usually, the common content management system's installation is followed by a default menu
that provides links to pages at the top level. These menus can be used at the top of the sites with links. It is generally
used as a horizontal menu with links like home, email, contact, or pages.

1. Defining a WordPress Menu

menu before adding items to it or use it. We can use the following steps to define a WordPress menu.

Step 1: First, log in to the WordPress Dashboard and click on the "Appearance" menu option, as shown in the below
screenshot.

Step 2: The "Appearance" menu option opens a sub-menu where we choose the "Menus" option to bring up the
Menu Editor.

Step 3: After selecting the "Menus" option, clroose the "Create a new menu" option shown in the red rectangular
box at the top of the page.

Step 4: Now, enter the name to create a new menu in the "Menu Name" box.
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Step 5: After that, click on the "Create Menu" button to create a menu.

2. Adding Menu Items

In this section, we can add several link type options to the menu like Pages, Posts, Custom Links, and Categories. The
following are the steps to add items in the menu.

Step 1: Firstly, Find the pane entitled Pages.

Step 2: Choose the "View All" link to see a list of all recently published pages on the WordPress site.

Step 3: Now, we can add Pages by clicking the checkbox corresponding to each page title.

Step 4: To add our selection to the menu that we created in the previous step, click on the "Add to Menu" button
shown in the red rectangular box at the bottom of this page.

Step 5: After that, click on the "Save Menu" button.

Now, the new custom menu has been saved in the WordPress site.

3. Deleting a Menu Item

If we want to delete an item form the menu, we can use the following steps.

Step 1: First, find the menu items that we want to delete in the menu editor window.

Step 2: Next, click the arrow icon at the top right corner of the menu item.

Step 3: Click on the "Remove" option. The menu item or box will be removed immediately

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Step 4: Finally, click on the "Save Menu" button to save the changes.

Prepared By: M.VENKAT (MCA, M-Tech) Lecturer in Computer Science