WEEK 4: INFORMATICS THEORY STANDARDS MODELS AND THEORIES OF NURSING INFORMATICS
Graves and Corcoran’s (Seminal Work) Model, 1898
BASIC CONCEPTS OF NURSING INFORMATICS - Management Process – occurs when raw facts are
transformed based on certain context to give those
Definition
facts meaning.
- Integration of nursing science, cognitive science, o Data – Discrete entities described
computer science, and information science to objectively without interpretation
manage and communicate data, information, o Information – reflects interpretation,
knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice organization, structuring, and processing of
- This data approach to patient care enhances the data
clinical experience for health care providers and o Knowledge – information that is
patients transformed and synthesized so that
relationship and are formalized.
What it takes to be an informatics nurse? - Major assumptions
- Clinical experience and an understanding of the o Integration of disciplines
information needs of a health care setting Nursing informatics is a blend of
- Proficiency in EHRs, data analytics, and other health computer science, information
care technologies science, and nursing science
- An ability to adapt to emerging technology and skills o Data management
in data analysis and interpretation Effective management of nursing
- Project management skills related to system data, information, and knowledge
implementation, upgrades, or process improvements is crucial for supporting nursing
- Strong communication skills to educate and practice and improving patient
collaborate with interdisciplinary teams regarding care.
technology use o Technology utilization
- Ability to promote advocacy for nursing ethic and Use of technology can enhance
patient safety and privacy the efficiency and effectiveness of
healthcare delivery
Common roles in nursing informatics o Support for Practice
Informatics tools and systems are
- Nursing informatics specialist
designed to support and improve
- Clinical informatics nurse
the practice of nursing
- Informatics nurse consultant
Patricia Schwirian’s Model
Other benefits of nursing informatics
- In 1986, she proposed a model of nursing informatics
- Improved patient care and outcomes
intended to stimulate and guide systematic research
- Enhanced patient safety
in this specialty
- Streamlines workflow
- Research and quality improvements
- Virtual care
- Data-driven decision making
How CIS works?
D-I-K-W Model by Graves and Corcoran McGonigle and Mastrian Model
- Wisdom
o Understanding and internalization
- Knowledge
o Derived by discovering patterns and
relationships between types of information
- Information
o Data plus meaning
- Data
o Little or no meaning in isolation
Other theories
Lewin’s Change Management Model
- Unfreezing
o An organization must unfreeze its current
process to prepare for the upcoming
change
o Recognize the need for change and
prepare for the change to occur
o Evokes a change in the behavior among
Turley’s Model, 1996
individuals
- There are three components of informatics o Analyze driving force versus restraining
o Cognitive science, computer science, and force
information science - Changing
- Nursing informatics is the integration of nursing o Once a process or old way of doing things
science with the three components is unfrozen, it’s time to implement the new
solution
o Also known as moving
o Change management strategies geared
toward strengthening driving forces or
weakening restraining forces
- Refreezing
o Finally, it’s time to refreeze
o To lock in place the new normal of
processes, behaviors, and strategies
o Equilibrium has been successfully reached
o Change are incorporated into routine computer users had a
procedures and practices within the more positive attitude
organization Nurses regularly resist
o Continuously maintain and re-evaluate the new technological
change advancements based on
- Implementation of Electronic Clinical Documentation the assumption that it will
Using Lewin’s Change Management Theory disrupt their normal way
o Unfreeze of performing routine
Evidence of need and driving activities.
force cost of selecting and
Long time spending on implementing electronic
paper works (30-60m) systems lack of
Transition from paper to infrastructure to support
electronic computerized
documentation reduces documentation
the overall time that acceptance of new
nurses spend technology
documenting patient time to adequately train
information and provide ongoing
Provision of more legible technical support for
and comprehensive employees
patient records problems with computer
Minimize the potential equipment
lost or damaged o Change
information that occur Strategies
with paper-based writing The informatics nurse
Improve the accuracy of continue to communicate
patient information which with the nursing staff and
assist nurses in meeting acknowledge their
regulatory and legal suggestions and
documentation opinions
requirements He informatics nurse
Facilitates better help the staff to
communication between recognize the benefits of
nurses and other health electronic
care professionals documentation
New computerized End-user involvement in
documentation systems the planning and
generate work lists and implementation process
alerts features that offer Continuous monitoring
nurses an “electronic for changes in staff
helping hand,” and assist attitude and behavior
them in prioritizing and o Refreeze
managing their care. Activities
Reduce documentation Use of computerized
redundancies and system to electronically
promote quicker retrieval document patient
of clinical data information.
Restraining Force The informatics nurse
Perception and attitude maintain the change by
of nurses towards clinical providing the staff with
information system. ongoing education and
Age and computer support.
literacy (younger nurses Ensure that resources
and experienced are put in place to
support the staff once the
have withdrawn from the
project.
Presence of technical
staff: information
technologists, clinicians
and clinical educators
Policies must be
available assist staff in
the documentation
process
Ongoing evaluation is
also essential to
determine if this system
of documentation meets
personal, professional,
and organizational
standards, or if additional
changes need to be
made to further improve
this method of clinical
documentation
