NURSING INFORMATICS management and processing of nursing data,

information and knowledge to support the practice of

nursing and the delivery of nursing care. - GRAVES,
OUTLINE J.R & CORCORAN 1989.
I. Definition APPLICATION OF NURSING INFORMATICS
II. Application of Nursing Informatics
• Nursing informatics can be applied to all areas of
III. Origin of Nursing Informatics
nursing practice, which include:
IV. Top 4 Problems of Nurses in the
Workplace o Clinical Practice
V. Framework of Nursing Informatics o Administration
VI. Scope of HIT/HER o Education, and
VII. Benefits of Computer Automation in the o Research
Health Care
VIII. Computers in Nursing Education, Practice, ORIGIN OF NURSING INFORMATICS
and Research • Increase in knowledge has led to the development
of many specialties and sub-specialties
• The number of cases increased with increased in
population, discovery of more diseases and
WHAT IS NURSING INFROMATICS? extension of life expectancy.
• Informatics, came from french word “informatique” = • Due to increase workload, lack of time to channel
computer science into useful information or knowledge- lead to
• The study of computers, including both hardware development of healthcare informatics.
and software design.
• Defined as computer science + information science.
TOP 4 PROBLEMS OF NURSES IN THE
• Body of knowledge that provides theoretical basis for
WORKPLACE
information technology.
o Information science dwells what are the 1. Documentation is Excessive
information we can take with the high-tech
• Write narratives (patient’s history, progress notes,
equipment.
care plans, and special reports).
• Used in conjunction with the name of a discipline, it
• Fills up forms, record VS in graphing paper and
denotes an application of computer science to the
writes in tables input/ output.
management and processing of data,
information, and knowledge in the named 2. Turnaround Time is Too Long
discipline.
• Turnaround time starts from the time a request is
o It also using critical thinking, decision
made to the time it was fully accomplished (ex.
making on what type of equipment you will
Laboratory tests or ancillary orders)
be using for your patient. It also matters on
• Automation helps accelerate the processes of
what is appropriate for the patient’s case.
request and facilitates presentation of current status
o DIK - Data, Information, and Knowledge.
of result of the request.
• The use of computer technology to support nursing,
including clinical practice, administration, education 3. Nursing Process are Inaccurate
and research - HEBDA 1998 • Rushing of nursing process may lead to
o Clinical practice (aid in diagnosing, and commission of errors.
assess), Administration (billing, or any
• Errors: medication errors, wrong entries, dictation,
information we can input for a longer period
translation, and transcription of errors.
of time), Education (technology in
• Automation of these processes mostly done beside
conveying new knowledge), Research
a patient leads to a great reduction of errors.
• The development and evaluation of applications,
• Due to excessive documentation, nurses mostly
tools, processes, and structures which assist nurses
dwell on the nurses’ station for documentation
with the management of data in taking care of
which can lead for the nursing processes to be
patients or supporting the practice of nursing -
inaccurate specially on busy times.
AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION, 1994.
• A combination of computer science, information
science and nursing science designed to assist in the

ABENOJA, ALONZO, FUERZAS, MARCOJOS, MINGLANA, SERO BSN 2D 1

4. Communication is Poor
• Communication between health care providers and
between departments is POOR when served with
telephone systems because of its real time nature
that requires the presence of both.
o Without technology, getting information
from laboratory and different department
make take time as you would need to
travel without technology.
• Phone lines may be tapped or bugged breaching
privacy and confidentiality.
• Computers provide different modes of
communication like chat, telephony, or video
TEACHING NURSING INFORMATICS IS A MUST IN
conferencing, or email and simple text messaging
whatever is most convenient and appropriate.
FRAMEWORK FOR NURSING INFORMATICS
Relies on the central concepts or data, information and
knowledge:
• A DATA is defined as discrete entities that are
describe objectively without interpretation.
o We need to have data to get information,
knowledge, decisions on what we need to
do with our patient
o Includes: Assessment, Level of
consciousness, Vital signs,
Hydration/Dehydration level, History of the
patient
o Necessary to proceed with information,
knowledge & decision.
• An INFORMATION as data that is interpreted,
organized or structured.
• A KNOWLEDGE as information that has been
synthesized so that interrelationships are identified
and formalized
• Resulting in DECISIONS that guide practice.
HIT – Healthcare Information Technology
HER – Electronic Health Record System
Additional Notes:
These are the kinds of systems that each of the hospitals
must have.
Ex. Bizbox - commonly used system in the Phil.
SCOPE OF HIT/HER
• Provision & documentation of patient care
• Education of healthcare providers
• Scientific research for advancing healthcare
delivery
ABENOJA, ALONZO, FUERZAS, MARCOJOS, MINGLANA, SERO BSN 2D
• Administration of healthcare delivery services
• Reimbursement or patient care
• Legal and ethical implications
• Safety & quality issues
HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS
• Focuses on managing information in all healthcare
disciplines.
• Uses the capture, retrieval, storage, presenting
sharing and use of biomedical information, data and
knowledge in providing care, problem solving and
decision making.
THE PHILIPPINES
• January 2008-CHED memorandum order CMO NO.
5 series of 2008 to all deans of the colleges of
nursing throughout the country.
CMO NO. 5 SERIES OF 2008
• It requires the replacement of basic computer with
3-unit Nursing Informatics in the new curriculum.
APPLICATION OF NURSING INFORMATICS
• Nursing Informatics can be applied to areas of
nursing practice, which include;
o Clinical practice
o Administration
o Education, and
o Research
NURSING CLINICAL PRACTICE
• Work list
• Computer-generated documentation
• EMR/CPR (Emergency Management
Respond/Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)
• Monitoring devices
• Computer-generated NCP
• Automatic billing
• Reminders and prompts
NURSING ADMINISTRATION
• Automated staff scheduling
• E-mail for improved communication
• Cost analysis and finding trends for budget
purposes
• Quality assurance and out comes analysis
NURSING EDUCATION
• Computerized record keeping
• Computerized assisted instruction
• Interactive video technology
• Distance Learning
• Internet resources
2
 • Presentation software for preparing slides and
handouts
NURSING RESEARCH
• Computerized literature searching
• The adoption of standardized language related to
nursing terms
• The ability to find trends in aggregated data
BENEFITS OF COMPUTER AUTOMATION IN THE
HEALTHCARE
EMR (ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD)
1. Improvise access to the medical record
2. Decrease redundancy of data entry
3. Decrease time spent in the documentation
4. Increase time for client care
5. Facilitation of data collection for research
6. Improve communication and decrease potential for error
7. Creation of lifetime clinical record
COMPUTERS IN NURSINGE DUCATION
COMPUTER ASSISTED EDUCATION
• PDA (personal digital assistants)
• LCD projectors
• Wireless routers
• Desktops
• Laptops
• Smartphone
• Videos/animations
• Distance learning
• Testing (NCLEX)
• Student and course record management
COMPUTERS IN NURSINGE PRACTICE
Functions:
1. Records Client Information
2. Provides Access to Other Departments
3. Used to Manage Client Scheduling
4. Documentation of Clients’ Status and Medical Records
Keeping
• Provides access to standardized forms, policies,
and procedures
ABENOJA, ALONZO, FUERZAS, MARCOJOS, MINGLANA, SERO BSN 2D
• Access data about client that may be somewhere in
the medical record or elsewhere in health care
agency.
5. Bedside Entry
• Records client’s assessments, medication
administration, progress notes, care plan updating,
client acuity and accrued charges
6. Computer Based Client Record (EMRs/CPRs)
• Provide easy retrieval of specific data such as
trends in vital signs, immunization records, and
current problems.
• It can be designed to work providers about
conflicting medications or client parameters that
indicate dangerous conditions.
7. Electronic Access to Clients
• Used extensively in health care to assess and
monitor clients’ conditions
• Data accumulated from various electronic devices
are stored for research purposes
• Can monitor client
• Computerized diagnosis
• Telemedicine
8. Practice Management
• Used to order supplies, tests, meals, services, from
other departments.
• Allows nursing service to determine the most costly
items used by a particular nursing unit.
• May provide information or decisions to modify
budget, provide different staffing, move supplies to
different locations, or make other changes for more
efficient and higher quality care.
COMPUTERS IN NURSING RESEARCH
1. Problem Identification
• Useful in locating current literature about the
problem and related concepts. Helps in searching
for existing documents, and e-mail to colleagues.
2. Literature Review
• Software facilitate searches, contains thesauruses
so that the most appropriate terms can be selected.
3. Research Design
• Search literature for instruments that have already
been established or to design and test instruments
that need to be developed for past study.
3
4. Data Collection and Analysis
• Helps create form for the collection of data such as
informed consent, demographic data, and recording
forms. Commonly used software for quantitative
data analysis: SPSS (statistical package for social
sciences), SAS (statistical analysis system), Sys
STAT, MYSTAT.
• Late 2000s
o The Philippine Heart Center will soon
implement the internet-based hospital
information system (HIS) to allow
healthcare team to access it anywhere

5. Research Dissemination REFERENCES

• Computer word processing programs are used to I. Notes from: Ms. Perez’s PPT
author final reports of research and send research
to various readerships. Helps speeds completion or
research projects.

Point to ponder

“Computers are incredibly fast, accurate and

stupid.
Humans are incredibly slow, inaccurate and
brilliant.
Together they are powerful beyond
imagination....” – Albert Einstein

AUTOMATED SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES

• 1970s
o Computers are mainly used to automate
billing.
o Hospital networks expanded to include
information process in admission,
discharge and transfer (ADT) (mid 70s)
o Networks now include pharmacy section,
now connecting 3 big departments:
accounting, ADT and pharmacy. (Late 70s)
• 1980s
o Laboratory and imaging departments
are already using their special computers
(early 80s)
o Integrated system expanded to the
clinical area. (Mid 80s)
o 90’s hospital bought conversion software
and hardware in order to deliver the
laboratory and imaging machines to link
their main system creating interfaced
systems.
• 2000s
o Laboratory Information System (LIS) &
Radiology Information System (RIS)
started to encroach into the main hospital
information systems.

ABENOJA, ALONZO, FUERZAS, MARCOJOS, MINGLANA, SERO BSN 2D 4

 NURSING INFORMATICS
I. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF
NURSING AND COMPUTERS
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF NURSING AND
COMPUTERS
PRIOR TO 1960’S
• Late 1930s to early 1940s
- computers first developed
• 1950s and 1960s
- computers are used in healthcare industry
- few experts attempted to adapt computers to
healthcare and nursing
- nursing profession embraces a new technology
tool- computer
Figure 1. Use of punch card and teletypewriter
1960’S
- use of computer in healthcare was questioned
- studies on computers in nursing started
- nurse station as hub of information exchange
- introduction of cathode ray tubes
- development of Hospital Information System
(HIS)
Figure 2. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
MID 1960‘S
- clinical practice presented nurses w/ new
opportunities for computer use.
o Nurses already putting their
documentation, including the giving of
medications, and monitoring of patient.
ABENOJA, ALONZO, FUERZAS, MARCOJOS, MINGLANA, SERO BSN 2D
- d/t increasing complex patient care (e.g., ICU)
nurses are required to be super users of
computer technology in monitoring patient via
cardiac monitor, ventilators and other
computerized devices.
1970’S
- hospitals began to develop computer-based
information system and nurses assisted in the
design of HIS
o Nurses are soul users in the computer,
they know what they want to see to the
hospital information system that we
have.
o The focus of HIS involves physician
order, recording, financial,
managerial purposes, and
monitoring systems.
- computers are used in financial and
management functions. (e.g., billing part).
- several communities developed management
information system
o Several companies try to create more
computers associated with our nursing
practice.
- improve education using computer technology
also begun.
1
 o To know the basic parts of the
computers and also expanded the
nursing awareness of computer, and
the impact of HIT to our nursing
practice.
• PLATO – first computerized teaching system which
was implemented to teach classes in off-campus site
as an alternative to traditional classroom education.
(e.g., simulation).
• TDS (Tabular Data Screen) computer system -
earliest clinical information system (former Eclipsys
and now Allscripts) that includes nursing practice
protocol.
o Normally used by data-based servers; 1990’S
networking is already the system. - computer technology became integral part of
o Part of TDS is TEX directory structure healthcare setting
which is a directory hierarchy for - policies and legislations on promoting
macros, fonts, and other computers in the healthcare were adopted
implementation. • HIPPA, 1996 – Health Insurance Portability &
Accountability Act
Allscripts – these are Allscripts healthcare solution, publicly
traded by the American company that provides physician o Not use in Philippines but making use of the
practices, hospitals, and other healthcare providers with data privacy low instead.
practice management and electronic health record
technology. • 1992 - approval of NI by ANA as a new nursing
specialty
1980’S • Dr. Nicholas Davies Excellence Award – is given
- Nursing Informatics was formally accepted as
for excellence in health information technology
new nursing specialty
(managed by HIMMS)
- Nursing Education identified need for update
• 1995 – the internet began providing access to
- microcomputers/ PC (personal computers)
information and knowledge databases to be
emerged
integrated into bedside system
o A revolutionary technology made ✓ electronic mail (email)
computers more accessible, ✓ file transfer protocol (FTP)
affordable, and usable by nurses. ✓ Gopher
o PC that they have serves as dump ✓ Telnet
terminals linked to the main time ✓ World wide web (WWW)
computers and stand-alone system.

• 1985 – ANA (American nursing Association)

approved the formation of Council on Computer
Applications in Nursing (CCAN).

o CCAN become a very powerful force in

integrating computer applications into the
nursing profession.
o Also intensify their programs with regard to
applying computer in nursing care and even
the curriculum.

ABENOJA, ALONZO, FUERZAS, MARCOJOS, MINGLANA, SERO BSN 2D 2

 2000 • 2012-2013 (Stage 2)
- Hospitals become “paperless” - Implementation of Quality Indicators
- the use of bar coding and radiofrequency
identification (RFID) o Used to guide hospitals in patient care

o The use of RFID is it match the right patient • 2015-2016 (Stage 3)

with the right medication to improve patient - Outcome Measures to propose Care Plans
safety, and also help nurses to find
equipment or scan patient before surgical
sites are closed. Additional Notes

- smaller mobile devices w/ wireless or internet By 2012-2013 it started the declarations of:
access increased nurses’ access to information
whether in hospital or in the community 1. Patient safety
• Telehealth application – provides a means for • To check if the hospital is following patient
nurses to monitor patient at home & support specialty safety rules. (e.g., side rails and proper
consultation in rural and underserved area segregation per unit.)
2. Quality patient care
• Customer service
3. Excellent quality service
• Patients’ satisfaction to the service.

REFERENCES

I. Notes from: Ms. Perez’s PPT

2010
• MU - “Meaningful “Use
Goal: implementing a complete and
interoperable EHR and/ or HIT system in all US
hospitals
• 2011-2012 (Stage 1)
- Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE)

o All entry of the physician can be done

through computers.
o Focus on the initiative part of the physician

ABENOJA, ALONZO, FUERZAS, MARCOJOS, MINGLANA, SERO BSN 2D 3

 COMPUTER PARTS AND SYSTEM • Computer use the same basic hardware
• Hardware categorized into four types

OUTLINE

I. Parts of the Computer System PROCESSING DEVICES

II. Types of Computers • Brains of the computer
• Carries out instructions from the program
• Manipulate the data
• Most computers have multiple processors
COMPUTER (LOOKING INSIDE THE COMPUTER • Central processing unit (CPU)
SYSTEM) • Secondary processors
• Processors made of silicon and copper

PARTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM MEMORY DEVICES

Computer systems have four parts: • Stores data or programs
• Random access memory (RAM)
1. Hardware o Volatile
2. Software o Stores current data and programs
3. Data (temporarily)
4. User o More RAM results in a faster system
• One cannot function individually, so for o Changeable and used for primary storage
example without user, no one will input the • Read only Memory (ROM)
data, so nothing will process in the • Permanent storage of programs; does not change;
hardware.
can’t be erased or altered
• Hold the computer boot directions

INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES

• Allows the user to interact
• Input devices accept data
o Keyboard, mouse
• Output devices deliver data to external world (text,
data files, sound, graphics, or signals)
o Monitor, printer, speaker
• Some devices are input and output
o Touch screens

STORAGE DEVICES
• Hold data and programs permanently
• Different from RAM
Fig 1. Parts of computer system
Hard Drive
HARDWARE • very fast means of storing and retrieving data as
• Mechanical devices in the computer; physical
well as having a large storage capacity
components of the machine
• Anything that can be touched Magnetic Drive
o Electronic circuits, microchips, processors • Floppy/DISKETTE and hard drive
& motherboard- main circuit board that all • Uses a magnet to access data
other internal component connect to
(placed inside the computer housing) Optical Storage
o Peripheral devices (input and output • CD and DVD drives
devices) • Uses laser to assess data
ESSENTIAL COMPUTER HARDWARE PARTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

ABENOJA, ALONZO, FUERZAS, MARCOJOS, MINGLANA, SERO BSN 2D 1

 SOFTWARE COMPUTER DATA
• Tell the computer what to do; describe the function • Fact with no meaning on its own
or the contribution of the sets of commands, • Stored using the binary number system
procedures in the computer system • Data can be organized into files
• Also called program
• Thousands of programs exist USER
o Operating system • People operating the computer
o Word processor • Most important part
o Database o If there is no user there is no use of the
• Majority of the people who buy new software they computer.
really check on the software. • Tell the computer what to do
• Without user, no used computer. User tells what
SOFTWARE RUNS THE MACHINE computer needs to do.
• Two types:
o System software COMPUTER USERS
o Application software • Roles depends on ability
o Setup the system
SYSTEM SOFTWARE o Install software
• “Boots up” (starts up and initializes) the computer o Manage files
system; controls, input, and storage; and controls the o Maintain the system
operation of the application software. • ‘’Userless” computers
o Most important software o Run with no user input
o Operating system o Automated systems
▪ Windows XP
o Network Operating System (OS) INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE
▪ Window Server 2003 • Steps followed to process data:
o Utility o Input
o When you buy a laptop/ device. This cannot o Processing
be updated. Given na talaga sya for this o Output
device. While ang application software o Storage
pwede siya iupdate.
▪ Symantec Antivirus TYPES OF COMPUTERS
SUPER COMPUTERS
APPLICATION SOFTWARE • Largest type of computer; world class “number
• Includes the various programs that users requite to cruncher”
perform day-to-day tasks. They are the programs • It is a computational-oriented computer specifically
that support the actual work of the user. designed for scientific applications requiring
Accomplishes as specific task. gigantic amounts of calculations.
o Most common type of software • Designed primarily for analysis of scientific and
▪ MS Word engineering problems and for tasks requiring
o Covers most of common uses of millions or billions of computational operations
computers. and calculations.
• It is found primarily in areas such as defense and
THIRD TYPE OF SOFTWARE weaponry, weather forecasting and scientific
• Utility programs research.
• Used to help maintain the system
• Protect the system against viruses and
• Access the world wide web
o Ex. Javascript, Microsoft Office

DATA
• Pieces of information
• Computer organize and present data

ABENOJA, ALONZO, FUERZAS, MARCOJOS, MINGLANA, SERO BSN 2D 2

 Fig 4. Image of microcomputers
Fig 2. Image of super computers
MAIN FRAMES
• It is the fastest, largest, and most expensive type of
computer used in corporate America for processing,
storing and retrieving data.
• It is a large multiuser central computer that meets the
computing needs of a large organization such as
repetitive calculations of bills and payrolls.
• A mainframe has and extremely large memory
capacity and fast operating and processing time and
it can process a large number of functions at one
time.
HANDHELD COMPUTERS
• These are small, special function computers; smaller
size than the standard desktop microcomputers,
some have claimed to have almost the same
functionality and processing capabilities as the
standard desktop microcomputer.
• More popular are the palm sized computers such as
personal digital assistant (PDA) = provides calendar,
contacts and note-taking functions and may provide
word processing and spread sheet.

Fig 3. Image of mainframes

Fig 5. Image of handheld computers
MICROCOMPUTERS (PERSONAL COMPUTER)
• Being used for an increasing number of independent
applications as well as serving as a desktop link to
the programs of the mainframe. REFERENCES
• Desktops can serve as stand-alone workstations and
can be linked to a network system to increase their I. Notes from: Ms. Perez’s PPT
capabilities.

ABENOJA, ALONZO, FUERZAS, MARCOJOS, MINGLANA, SERO BSN 2D 3

ABENOJA, ALONZO, FUERZAS, MARCOJOS, MINGLANA, SERO BSN 2D 4
 NURSING INFORMATICS
OUTLINE
I. Open Source and Free Software
II. Four Essential Freedoms
III. Compare and Contrast
IV. VistA
V. Data Processing
OPEN SOURCE AND FREE SOFTWARE
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
● The open source concept is said to promote
software reliability and quality by supporting
independent peer review and rapid evolution
source code, as well as making in
freely available.
● In addition to providing free access to the
programmer’s instructions to the computer in the
programming language in which they were written,
many versions of open source license allow
anyone to modify and redistribute the software.
● The open source initiative (OSI) has created a
certification mark, “OSI certified”
● In order to be OSI certified, the software must be
distributed under a license that guarantees the right
to read, redistribute, modify and use the software
freely.
● The actual category of software that is considered
free is almost exactly the same as the actual
category of software that is considered open source.
Additional Notes:
OSI- Open source Initiative Certification
Open Source- comes with a price, subscription, and fees
that we have to pay
FREE SOFTWARE
● Software that respects users' freedom and
community.
● Freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and
improve the software.
● Thus, “free software” is a matter of liberty, not price.
“FOUR ESSENTIAL FREEDOMS”
ABENOJA, ALONZO, FUERZAS, MARCOJOS, MINGLANA, SERO BSN 2D
1. To RUN THE PROGRAM AS YOU WISH,
for any purpose (freedom 0).
2. TO STUDY HOW THE PROGRAM WORKS,
and change it so it does your computing as you
wish (freedom -Access to the source code is a
precondition for this.
3. TO REDISTRIBUTE COPIES so you can help your
neighbor (freedom2)
4. TO DISTRIBUTE COPIES OF YOUR
MODIFIED VERSIONS to others (freedom 3)
FREE SOFTWARE
● “Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”.
● But regardless of how you got your copies, YOU
of ALWAYS HAVE THE FREEDOM TO COPY AND
CHANGE THE SOFTWARE, EVEN TO SELL
COPIES.
● Most free software licenses are based on copyright,
and there are limits on what kinds of requirements
can be imposed through copyright
● However, some free software licenses are based on
contracts, and contracts can impose a much
larger range of possible restrictions. That
means there are many possible ways such a license
could be unacceptably restrictive and non-free.
Additional Notes:
Free software- sometimes comes with a price but most of
it are free
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
● free software and open-\ source ideologies are
distinct,
● basically, refer to the same software licenses, with
a few minor exceptions
The term “open source” software is used by some people to
mean more or less the same category as free software.
● accept some licenses that we consider too
restrictive, and there are free software licenses they
have not accepted
● nearly all free software is open source, and nearly
all open source software is free.
● OSS/FS has been described as the electronic
equivalent of generic drugs
1
 ● In the same way as the formulas for generic drugs
are made public, so OSS/FS source code
is accessible to the user. Any person can see how
the software works and can make changes to the
functionality.
● As the OSS/FS can be obtained royalty free, it is less
expensive to acquire than proprietary alternatives.
This means OSS/FS can transform health care in
developing countries just as the availability of the
generic drugs have.
VISTA (VETERANS HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM AND
TECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURE)
• VistA is the “mother of all health care applications”. It
is not strictly OSS/FS but has been promoted by it.
Patient records, prescriptions, laboratory results, and other
medical information. It contains among other components,
integrated hospital management, patient records
management, and medical imaging systems.
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE EXAMPLES
Databases:
● LDAP
● MySQL (database)
● PostgreSQL (relational database with ability to do
stored procedures)
● Knowledge Management:
● Plone (open source content management system)
Knowledge Tree
● Telephony:
● Asterisk (A Phone system [PBX] that also supports
Voice Over IP technology)
● Elastix
● FreePBX
● Trixbox CE
FREE SOFTWARE
● Operating systems and Desktop environments
● Linux - Operating system kernel
● Ubuntu - Linux distribution with full complement of
software for everyday use. See also Kubuntu that
runs the KDE desktop which some people find this
easier if they previously used MS Windows. Ubuntu
is an easy-to-use operating system based on and
made possible by the Debian project.
ABENOJA, ALONZO, FUERZAS, MARCOJOS, MINGLANA, SERO BSN 2D
● Google Chrome OS - Lightweight operating
system based around the web browser
● Android smart-phone operating system - by
Google /Open Handset Alliance
● Symbian smart-phone operating system - by
Nokia
DATA PROCESSING
● the collection and manipulation of items of data to
produce meaningful information.
● It is the process of putting information into a
computer so that the computer can organize it,
change its form, and etc.
● It is also the conversion of raw data to machine-
readable form and its subsequent processing (as
storing, updating, rearranging, or printing out) by a
computer.
● Nurses continually collect data about their clients.
The data are organized and processed, producing
information about client needs and potential
interventions.
● Using an intensive nursing knowledge database, the
information is interpreted.
● The goal of this plan is to provide caring cost-
effective quality care.
● In modern healthcare, the process of moving from
data collection to implementing and evaluating and
individualized plan of care is highly dependent on
automated database systems.
Additional Notes:
We need to put information’s/data on our computer in
order to be process and input and it can give us a result
Planning and interventions cannot be done with the
computer therefore the nurses must be the one to do and
implement it.
DATA PROCESSING FUNCTIONS
● Validation – Ensuring that supplied data is "clean,
correct and useful"
● Sorting – "arranging items in some sequence and/or
in different sets."
● Summarization – reducing detail data to its main
points.
● Aggregation – combining multiple pieces of data.
2
 ● Analysis – the "collection, organization, analysis,
interpretation and presentation of data.".
● Reporting – list detail or summary data or computed
information.
● Classification – separates data into various
categories.

Additional Notes:

o Validation- e.g. barcodes

o Sorting-items under pharmacy, laboratory or
radiology and many more are being sorted
o Summarization-only summarizing the bill is
being done by computers and not diagnosis and
interventions here in the Philippines
o Aggregation- makes sure that it is the correct
patient
o Analysis- number of beds, readily statistics,
common causes of morbidity and mortality,
number of patients

Figure 1. Data Processing Flowchart

REFERENCES

I. Notes from: Ms. Perez’s PPT

ABENOJA, ALONZO, FUERZAS, MARCOJOS, MINGLANA, SERO BSN 2D 3

 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze
data.

OUTLINE
Additional notes:
I. Word Processing
II. Graphic Programs • Database management system is an example of
III. Databases database
IV. Spreadsheets • Another example of database that stores patient
V. Educational Software data is Bizbox, a hospital information system
VI. PowerPoint Presentation
VII. Internet/WWW
VIII. Email SPREADSHEETS
IX. Desktop Publishing
X. Discussion Mailing List • An electronic document in which data is arranged in the
XI. Social Media Applications rows and columns of a grid and can be manipulated and
XII. Chat Rooms, Forums used in calculations.
XIII. Multi-media Design • A computer programs that calculates numbers and
XIV. Decision Support Systems organizes information in columns and rows.
XV. Nursing Information Systems • A document that has columns and rows which are used to
XVI. Hospital Information Systems calculate numbers and organize information
• MS Excel
WORD PROCESSING
EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE
• Writing, editing, and production of documents, as letters,
reports, and books, through the use of a computer • Is a computer software, the primary purpose of which is
program or a complete computer system designed to teaching or self-learning.
facilitate rapid and efficient manipulation of text. • Software to help with learning and organization of study
material. Similar to having a tutor to assist with studying.
• Abbreviation: WP.
• MS Word
Additional notes:
GRAPHIC PROGRAMS
• StudyX Flashcard Maker is an example of
educational software
• In computer graphics, graphics software or image editing • Driving test software wherein you can have the
software is a program or collection of programs that experience to drive on a digital basis
enable a person to manipulate visual images on a • Interactive geometry software & English in Flash
computer. Adobe photoshop is one of the most used and are other examples/apps
best-known graphics programs in the America. CorelDraw • Medscape for medical & healthcare software for
holds a stronger user base in Europe than Adobe. researches, also Red Cross app

DATABASES POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

• Is an organized collection of data • Commonly used by presenters as a digital aid when

presenting their topic to an audience
• The data are typically organized to model aspects of reality in • MS PowerPoint, Canva, Google PowerPoint/Slides, Slidesgo
a way that supports processes requiring information. For
example, modelling the availability of rooms in hotels in a way
that supports finding a hotel with vacancies INTERNET/WWW
• Database management systems (DBMSs) are computer
software applications that interact with the user, other

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• The Internet and the World Wide Web have a whole-to-whole
part relationship.
• The Internet is the large container, and the Web is a part
within the container.
• It is common in daily conversation to abbreviate them as the
“Net” and the “Web”, and then swap the words
interchangeably.
• But to be technically precise, the Net is the restaurant, and the
Web is the most popular dish on the menu.
Additional notes:
• Serves as search engines to make researches and
assignments easier
EMAIL
• An email massage is a text, typically brief and informal, that is
sent or received over a computer network.
DESKTOP PUBLISHING
• The production of printed matter by means of a desktop
computer having a layout program that integrates text and
graphics.
DISCUSSION MAILING LIST
• A mailing list is an electronic discussion forum that anyone
can subscribe to. When someone sends an email message
to the mailing list, a copy of that message is broadcast to
everyone who is subscribed to that mailing list.
• On the internet, mailing lists include each person’s e-mail
address rather than a postal address.
SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS
• A term used to describe a variety of Web-based platforms,
applications and technologies that enable people to socially
interact with one another online. Some examples of social
media sites and applications:
o Facebook
o YouTube
o Del.icio.us
o Twitter
o Digg
o Blogs
• And other sites that have content based on user
participation and user-generated content (UGC).
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CHAT ROOMS, FORUMS
• A virtual room where a chat (real time communication
between two users via computer) session takes place.
• Technically, a chat room is really a channel, but the term room
is used to promote the chat metaphor.
Additional notes:
• Messenger, Viber, Telegram, MS Teams are
examples of chat rooms
MULTI-MEDIA DESIGN
• Multimedia is more than one concurrent presentation medium
(for example, on CD-ROM or a Web site).
• Although still images are a different medium than text,
multimedia is typically used to mean the combination of
text, sound, and/or motion video.
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
• Is a computer program application that analyzes business
data and presents it so that users can make business
decisions more easily; is any system of input available to
help a person or an organization make decisions.
• An example of a decision support system is a group of
computers that helps a business run numbers to analyze
so that the business can make the best financial
decisions.
• An example of a decision support system is a group of friends
who provide information and emotional support to a person
who is going through a divorce.
NURSING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• Nursing Information Systems (NIS) are computer systems
that manage clinical data from a variety of healthcare
environments, and made available in a timely and orderly
fashion to aid nurses in improving patient care.
• To achieve this, most Nursing Information Systems are
designed using a database and at least one nursing
classification language such as North American Nursing
Diagnosis (NANDA), Nursing Intervention Classification
(NIC), and Nursing Diagnosis Extension and
Classification (NDEC).
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 Additional notes:
• Use of NDEC can aid the nurses in knowing if it
needs immediate care, if the interventions are
considered as independent, dependent, or
collaborative.
Fig. 1 Nursing Information Systems (Bizbox)
HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• A hospital information system (HIS) is an element of health
informatics that focuses mainly on the administrational
needs of hospitals.
• The purpose of a hospital information system (HIS) is to
manage the information that health professionals need to
perform their jobs effectively and efficiently.
Information Requirements:
• Operational requirements
• Up-to-date factual information
• Necessary for day-to-day tasks
• Planning requirements
• Short and long-term decisions about patient care
• Decisions about hospital management
• Documentation requirements
• The maintenance of records
• Accreditation
• Legal record
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Additional notes:
• Hospital information systems handles all
patients may it be out-patient or in-patient
Fig. 2 & 3. Hospital Information Systems (Bizbox)
Fig. 2 & 3. Hospital Information Systems
ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS
• An electronic health record (EHR), or electronic
medical record (EMR), is a systematic collection of
electronic health information about an individual patient
or population.
• It is a record in digital format that is theoretically
capable of being shared across different health care
settings.
• EHRs may include a range of data, including
demographics, medical history, medication and
allergies, immunization status, laboratory test results,
radiology images, vital signs, personal statistics like
age and weight, and billing information.
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 - and in time should help to improve efficient use of
these resources.

Fig. 6 E-Health System

WEB SITE DESIGN

• Web design encompasses many different skills and
disciplines in the production and maintenance of
Fig. 4 Electronic Health Records websites.
• The different areas of web design include web graphic
design; interface design; authoring, including
ELECTRONIC MEDICATION SYSTEM standardized code and proprietary software; user
• Hospital electronic medication management systems experience design; and search engine optimization.
(EMMS) can enable prescribing, supplying,
administering and reconciling of medicines to be FLASH ANIMATION
completed electronically. • A Flash animation or Flash cartoon is an animated film
• Electronic medication management covers the hospital which is created by Adobe Flash or similar animation
medication cycle including prescribing by doctors, software and often distributed in the SWF file format.
review and dispensing of medication orders by The term Flash animation not only refers to the file
pharmacists, and administration of medications by format but to a certain kind of movement and visual
nurses. style.

Fig. 5 Electronic Medication System

E-HEALTH SYSTEM
E-health is the transfer of health resources and health care by
electronic means. It encompasses three main areas:
Fig. 7 Flash Animation
• The delivery of health information, for health
professionals and health consumers, through the RESEARCH SOFTWARE
Internet and telecommunications.
• Qualitative Research Software provides computer
• E-health provides a new method for using health assistance for managing, coding and analysing large
resources - such as information, money, and medicines collections of documents.

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 • With such qualitative research software, the amount of
time spent in manual and clerical tasks is highly
reduced allowing researchers to focus on the analysis
of the qualitative data presented by the qualitative
software and then to come up with useful conclusions
and advices.
ELECTRONIC PORTFOLIOS
• An electronic portfolio (also known as an eportfolio, e-
portfolio, digital portfolio, or online portfolio) is a
collection of electronic evidence assembled and
managed by a user, usually on the Web.
• An ePortfolio (electronic portfolio) is an electronic
collection of evidence that shows your learning journey
over time. Evidence may include writing samples,
photos, videos, research projects, observations by
mentors and peers, and/or reflective thinking.
WEBCASTING/CYBERCASTING
• The broadcasting of news, entertainment, etc., using
the Internet, specifically the World Wide Web.
VIDEO CONFERENCING
• A technology that allows users in different locations to
hold face to-face meetings without having to move to a
single location; convenient for business users in
different cities or even different countries because it
saves the time, expense and hassle associated with
Fig. 8 Virtual Reality Simulation
business travel.
• Uses for video conferencing include holding routine
meetings, negotiating business deals and interviewing
job candidates.
Personal Digital Assistant or more commonly known as PDAs
Fig 8. Video Conferencing
E-LEARNING
• Learning conducted via electronic media, typically on
the Internet. Quite simply, e-learning is electronic
learning, and typically this means using a computer to
deliver part, or all of a course whether it's in a school,
part of your mandatory business training or a full
distance learning course.
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• Smartphones and tablets in the classroom and office,
as well as using a wealth of interactive designs that
makes distance learning not only engaging for the
users, but valuable as a lesson delivery medium.
VIRTUAL REALITY SIMULATION
• Makes users feel in a Virtual Environment (VE) by
using Computer hardware and software. It was
originally conceived as a digitally created space which
humans could access by donning special computer
equipment’s. It enables people to deal with information
more easily.
• In the same way a simulated, three-dimensional world
is created around the user in which he/she could
interact with objects, people, and environments.
Typically, three-dimensional life-sized images with
support of audio devices are presented around the user
and the perspective is modified in accordance with the
user input (generally head or eye movements).
PDA, SMART PHONES
• sprouted from the need to have an organized schedule
and contact list.
• Prior to the PDA, businessmen used organizers, which
are little notebooks with specific dates to write your
appointments and an alphabetical section where you
can write your contacts. PDAs does all this while
adding search functionalities at the very minimum.
• A smartphone is simply a merger between a mobile
phone and a PDA.
SMART PHONES
• A Smartphone is considered to be the combination of
the traditional PDA and cellular phone, with a bigger
focus on the cellular phone part. These handheld
devices integrate mobile phone capabilities with the
more common features of a handheld computer or
PDA. Smartphones allow users to store information, e-
mail, install programs, along with using a mobile phone
in one device. A smartphone's features are usually
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 more oriented towards mobile phone options than the
PDA-like features.
• In summing up the differences between these common
mobile communications devices you could say that a
PDA phone is more PDA than phone and a smartphone
is more phone than PDA

EDUCATION GAMES
• An educational game is a game designed to teach
humans about a specific subject and to teach them a
skill. As educators, governments, and parents realize
the psychological need and benefits of gaming have on
learning, this educational tool has become
mainstream.

Fig. 9 Educational Games

REFERENCES

I. Notes from: Ms. Perez’s PPT

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