REVIEWER IN PHILPOL | 2nd QUARTER EXAM
Decentralization and Local Governance
Decentralization – The transfer of powers, responsibilities, and
resources from central government to local governments
Purpose of Decentralization – To improve local autonomy,
enhance accountability, and bring government
What is LGC? – A comprehensive legal framework passed in
1991, that devolved powers.
Goals of LGC
• Strengthen local governance
• Promote local autonomy and accountability
• Improve the delivery of services
Local Government Units LGU
• Provinces
• Cities
• Municipalities
• Barangays
Roles and functions of Local Government Units LGUs
1. Service Delivery
2. Local Economic Development
3. Planning and Development
4. Environmental Management
5. Governance and Administration
6. Social Welfare and Community Development
7. Disaster Risk Management and Emergency Response
8. Peace and Order
9. Cultural and Heritage Preservation
10. Inter Governmental Relations
JUDICAL BRANCH
Three Constitution
1. Legislative Branch
2. Executive Branch
3. Judicial Branch
Judicial Power – Vested in one Supreme Court and in such lower
courts, to settle actual controversies
Lower Courts
Municipal Trial Courts – It it covers only one municipality
Municipal Circuit Trial Courts – If it covers two or more
municipalities
Metropolitan Trial Courts – Inside the Metropolitan Area
Municial Trial Courts In Cities – Municipal trial courts in cities
outside Metropolitan Manila
Court of Appeals – has jurisdiction over appeals from
decision of the RTC
Sandiganbayan – This is a special court that has exclusive
jurisdiction on committed violations of anti graft and
corruption laws
Shari’a – Settle legal conflicts between Muslim and Filipinos
Highest Courts
Supreme Court - Is the highest courts in the Philippines
Two categories in the functions of the Supreme Court -
Administrative Functions and Judicial Function
Katarungang Pambaranggay
CONCEPT, ROLE AND CONTRIBUTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY
Civil Society – The united nations refers to civil society as the
third sector of the society
Civil Society Organizations – Voluntary organizations in this social
sphere
Non Governmental Organizations – Non profit and voluntary
citizens groups
THE NATURE OF ELECTIONS AND POLITICAL PARTIES IN
THE PHILIPPINES
Elections – Is a process in which people vote to choose
individuals to hold public office or to decide on specific policies
Election Types in the Philippines
• National Elections – Presidential, Vice Presidential, and
Senate elections
• Local Elections – Governors, mayors, and local officials
• Baranggay and Sangguniang Kabataan Elections –
Grassroots level elections
• Special Elections – Held if positions become vacant
The Electoral Process
• Voter Registration – Citizens register to be eligible to vote
• Campaign Period – Candidates present platforms and gain
support
• Voting – Usually held on the second Monday of May
• Vote Counting & Results – Done manually and electronically
Suffrage – It is the right and obligation to vote
Political Parties in the Philippines – Organized groups with similar
political goals that aim to win elections
THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH OF PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
Legislative Branch – Refers to the branch of the government that
can create laws or change existing laws
Legislation – Means law making, law formulation or law
enactment
Creation – The action or process of bringing something into
existence
Enactment – The process of passing legislation
Amendment – A minor change or addition designed to improve a
text, piece of legislation
Senator – Elected by voters to represent them in a state
House of Representatives – They are elected to a three year term
by voters
Senate – shall be composed of twenty four Senators who shall be
elected at large by the qualified voters of the Philippines
Qualifications to become a senator, as stipulated in the
constitution, are:
• A natural born citizen of the Philippines
• At least thirty five years old
• Is able to read and write
• A registered voter ; and
• A resident of the Philippines for not less than two years
before election day
House of Representatives – Shall be composed of not more than
two hundred and fifty
Criteria to become a member of the house of representatives:
• A natural born citizen of the Philippines
• Atleast twenty five years old
• Is able to read and write
• Registered voter and resident for atleast one year
The party list – Represent labor unions, rights groups, and other
organizations.
Legislative process – Congress is responsible for making
enabling laws to make sure the spirit of the constitution is upheld
in the country
Resolution – Convey principles and sentiments of the Senate r
the Representatives
Three different elements of resolution
• Joint Resolution – Require the approval of both house of
Congress and the signature of the President
• Concurrent Resolutions – Used for matters affecting the
operations of both house of Congress and must be approved
in the same form by both houses
• Simple Resolution – Deal with matters entirely within the
prerogative of one house of Congress
Bills – Are laws in the making
Here are the various steps in the passage of a bill
1. First Reading – Any member of either house may present q
proposed bill, signed by him
2. Referral to Appropriate Committee – Immediately after the
First Reading
3. Second Reading – If the committee reports the bill favorably,
the bills is forwarded to the Committee on rules so that it
may be calendared for deliberation on Second Reading
4. Debates – A general debate is then opened after the Second
Reading and amendments may be proposed by any member
of Congress
5. Printing and Distribution – After approval of the bill on
Second Reading, the bills is then ordered printed in its final
form and copies
6. Third Reading – Only the title of the bill is read
7. Referral to the other house – The bill is then referred to the
other house
8. Submission to joint bicameral committee – Between the
House’s bill and the Senate’s amended version
9. Submission to the President – A bill approved on Third
Reading by both Houses shall be printed and forthwith
transmitted to the President for his action
Powers ni Congress 😂
1. Congress has the power to remove from office impeachable
government officials
2. Congress has the sole power to declare the existence of a
state of war
3. Congress can revoke the president’s proclamation of martial
law
4. Congress may authorize the president to exercise powers
5. Congress committees can conduct hearings “In aid of
Legislation “
OneandonlyJENINAMACALINO
