Conflict Between Protestants and Catholics

Lack of Common Identity (misunderstanding) Protestants supported British, afraid Irish will not tolerate protestant beliefs Catholics want to be Irish. Resent English conquest where Catholics killed/harshly treated. Houses partly paid by government which were mostly Protestant. Catholics felt it was unfair Large Catholic Families wait very long. More Houses given to Protestants than Catholics Catholics Frustrated they had to wait very long. Catholics and Protestants as academically qualified Catholics not given equal opportunities in jobs 2002 Survey showed Catholics to be almost twice more likely to be jobless than Protestants Fewer Catholics in senior positions (public/private) In 1960, Highest ranking Catholic in education department in Londonderry( majority catholics). Official in charge of meals Owned house-2 votes Company(dependant on size) Most companies owned by rich protestants. Unfair to poor Catholics Protestant MORE VOTES Fully funded public schools catered only Protestants. Learn British Sports(rugby hockey cricket)/ LOYAL TO BRITISH(sing national anthem) Catholics attended private schools Learn Irish history/sports(hurling)/language culture. Only 5% attended integrated schools

Unequal allocation of Housing (unhappiness)

Competition for employment(tensions)

Lack of Voting Rights (mistreated)

Education System (discouraged social interaction between protestants and Catholics)

Challenges Faced by multi-ethnic societies

Managing perceptions of different racial groups (tensions can arise if races do not understand each other well) 1964 racial riots caused by misunderstanding between Malays and Chinese. Inaccurate reports by malay newspaper spreading anti-PAP messages. 3000malay families were resettled unfairly by PAP. Racial Riots broke out during procession celebrating prophet mohammad s bday. Led to casualties. (Lead to destruction of tolerance and understanding between races) 1950 Maria Hertogh Riots. Disagreement on the custody or Maria Hertogh. Dutch parents left maria in care of malay lady aminah. Married at 13 to teacher. Dutch wanted the custody. Got it. Unfair to Malays Did not regard malay practice. Sent to catholic convent. European and muslim committees riot. (lead to riots and unrest which can escalate to other social problems. Affecting peace and harmony) 2011 arrest of 34 JI members. JI members involved in terrorist related activities Targetted US Embassy and MOE (lead to loss of lives and property and the division of the people if not handled well) External Threats play a greater challenge to SG. -Managaing perception from diff race/religion are localised. Meaning that it can be dealt through government policies. -However with such interconnected world. It is virtually impossible to block out influences from foreign countries. -Thus SG must play greater emphasis to external threats

Managing Perception of different religious groups (different religious beliefs/practices can lead to tension and hostility)

Managing threats from external sources (external forces resort to violence to test social bonds of people in SG)

CONCLUSION

BONDING SINGAPORE
Builing a national identity (helps unite nation) Engage in common practices(singing national anthem, pledge, flag raising) Promotes multi racialism. Equality among races. No special rights. Since everyone is valued, a sense of identity created. With bilingualism, English used to link different races. Allows communication. (Loyalty and pride. See themselves as one people) Schools are open to every Singaporean. To allow interaction Friendships strengthen. HDB. Proportion of different races. Even distribution (Promotes interaction and increases understanding. Deepen frendship) PCMR consists of members of minority groups. Ensure no one is disadvantaged as a result of laws passed by parliament. GRCs must have members of the minority so that the concerns and needs of the minority will be made known to the government (ensure everyone has a say. Not feel neglected. Everyone is treated as valued.)

Develop Common Spaces (allow different people to interact and bond)

Protecting the interests of minority groups (interest of minority is not disregarded)