06. Roll.

rdrem Dulay AkshiLtoLL8 BBA. Addistant

Singh kulSenion"
jet Dr.
Submi
by' ted
Submitted
to
Asstnment
Conslitotional
law Subject-
DEHRADUN
COLLEGE LAW
 thu

people
SoUree
of naia.
Sovsulgn
2. Aims and
objecives oe whic Conli
en aeto

provisions of pream ble.

no hale hue

Concepl he preamble
resoluto) made by Panali
Jowaha Nahr was
adopd by
JConstitu ent
aapembly
Text of the Preamble
ÍNDIA, having soemrdy eotved to conshitute
" WE, THE PEOPLE ÖF SOCIALISTSEWLAR DEMOCRATIC REPV8LIC
amd
fndia ito a sovERE1GN
ciizens:
to pewe to au its
DOGOl, eConomic,and politica;
JUSTICE,
Lxpreoio belicf, 4aith, nd
warhip,
LIBERTY Of thought, amd to ynomote among
of apporturuty i
EQUALITY of ptatua 0md
nem al;
Mgwing me dignäty of me individad amd mt urity
FRATERNITY
ond inteqrity of tné NgHi¡m; doy of NoVember,
OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY his twonty- pixn
ÍN ENACT AND GIVE 10 OURSELVES THE
1949, do HEREBY ADOPT,
CONSTITUTION "
4. Democuotie i: Demotracy meand ha the qov.
eleckeel by he people, and its auounlalie
Hhem. igend ha to vole palH
Gpat governance and oprew hein opioidn.
Demoeruy endurey poueal equality , whd
e dues
evenypre ha
govt. pouwer dersved he consert
go veend.
S. Jogtice i hu lreamble
merionS Soci al,
econo nie and poikeu Juoties
and juoti , hick m meaty
Hu eimination o vnfoiw prei ceo
Provicion es,uad oyportw nileu . JoGica
whee
erdure
Ireatud and ha
ewvyone
gually
and ohpaduitiy . t aoldreass
hiutasical an

éneuiue Soety proletiy

dis ad vandegpd groupt
 "Key features of the Preamble_

.
Sovereign i
The dovereizn' donot hot dnalisu
foty tndependant and tu
whortty
wilho ut exernaJ

Jhe cou ry make

dew sion ererning ik iakenol and ex luro
matty me thaut tnalia
legialade. fornulate poideg. and parhipatl
iantioaal baed on it
nationa with
people, exerude Hhie
de moori
ensuiny
Com plet Control i
eountryjs
a. Socialiyt
Addud 'Hhu and'ianend imant (i9I6). "Sociadit"

neties The to oeine

andl uwthile ollo g or
 |poideg
enmant ioluenca not Ghoold eligiso
laling opho equally
Hhe
elitreods
gious slat endures
onation
nd oserin poevent
eligi iple mu ond.
mai ntain ing esintial
for ciple
mon hor patupat
pr
Thio
al or
redo,m
slance. neotral man
|any
serimin not does
Hhat meend Secular" lar decu 8.
Proiding poinuplaall tunitis
He by ad
titis diaparSocialil wealth
vesuce anol Schemiu
pusie poUd
es exist Co
pivete and pubie He hbo
whe
ionpie ownohip
+ . private
economt
A. Roeamle do the Constition
9nlia with dei das
H Jujraeme Snio

Lntro du tion i
of cowhhtisn of nolis
is stod ment hat

Outlins
n
iatrodutory and
qoding prn nuples
Core values which
ulti mate aupiraleons ot
of
people Thouglo not

lgy ngoeaste immende impor

tanee co nstitutionol law

uiti cle role

He coautittio
AK. bopalan V. Skecte of
andl
Y. Mesdan hopal 4TR 19sY 6.C C
notshall
cen be he provision
pream ble broadlly hei
poia.:
 The 42nd Amendment Act 1976
he wos!

PrRambla came wilh Hu yand Am endl mnt det

of 1916 . This Am end ment adde Hhu woreds
"do eialist""dewor", aln
He nadio n to hese
Valyes Tu amendnent
aM end met oeud duing
(475- 11) h wed deen

he
attem gt
Sewlar charatu of Gnolian olete
Role of he Preamble la Condk toHona! dalerpreloton
The preomble en goreeable pat of he

obugtàn .Howew, i plouyo a

ole iakrpreting ambgoud oaasto
|ional prov) i'o an under ala ndig the

be

maale amend
Spinit and prolet
Qxecu e
|4. Democuotiei 0emocracy meand had he
eleckel by he people, ands aeounlalile o
k palh.
Hhem. Cibgend hae He right to vslol,
jovernunce and ovpreu hei opioi.
Hen
ipat
Democruy ensurey poU Weal equalily whee
everyone hay
Hhad got. pouwer is deri ved uom he consend
qo veenud.

S. Jugtice i Te Preamble merdions Social,

econo ie and
and pokee Jutia,
juotie whih meay
Hu eliminatin of un ai pro cs and Hehe
provision equad °pportu ileu.
Opportuni les Jodice
erdure whe

kestd and gualtly and ho

ohbotuniitiy Gt adreases
histscical snutic
dneluiwe by prolting
dis ad vandad groopt
9 radernty ' FyodeTnity emphasigd a senge of
boothuhood amo g iys ensu ring the
dijnity sndviduatu and pro motung vniy
nadisna and

creating danee ay Common idendity

Hu lowituiog
redvc Soial odi vhcions anl promol
Sucial eoheuioo.

Historical ackgroond And Intergtetaton

The preanmble encapdu laty he objecti vee Hhel
Cona Hlution Seeks
fundamerlal ights , dectie pincipled,
and he form oy govern ment thu trameg
kught lagl aatur
wey uetioned, bt judiüaey
has coitjed ih role ia
8. Natue of he Jndian lonsitotion
he decided casey of he
Supre na Court of adia?
Sodea?
The tndian conliutioo opre me les
o ndia and
Hhe thu ture
g0vern met, delneads hu psyes ad

joveramans quatanlee uadaondal

tadis i6 a wittoo lomprehen dive, and Podeyal

docw ment, housh i conlains eatures hat
didhnet on h ypical desal
Conoi tion. Over une He duprem Coo t
tnolio hos doe len
and
mak Cale hot haue
claikj
nature ohara l e

Conditu 'oa 8elow the

daalia
wih Coust de .
Jadong
Sors Hhe haue
dhaped h iadespelotuo.
 CASES -

S.8 Bom naa . Onioo of Sndia 994

his dopreme erlendiv
dealt wih
ely
" Seculaism he Poeamble .
Thu Cout heald hat sewlarìg m
badic Crvctue af

Meaning Hat or aton Hhet

Contoauenes secular charele wowlod be
0ncongH wtional
V..
A. tndre Sauhnay Uuion o Sniou (iq9a)
Teler yaton po iciee,
joprema Coort efered b h traamH
gualy tlatus and
maine aion

promolg
3 iy ho MaV. Onion o Jrdia a013.
Tu emphasizd thu value
Hha preamble whele
oitguali keation can vi det vpra je alat nes.
hagügtd
nec esi katey
rue
demoer
4. 1. ACoel ho V. dlede o!
Temil ladu d001
Thu 6.c
aume nd ment " basie
Strucore' .The pream ble's
prioiples ia lu ding osHcr Uberty, uli
and frales nity fundamana lo
ondersta ndig
S. Bano V.

The uprea me Court

cou iava latd
valv
Yoom
fream ble, Tho
proct ce
and vialetd thie fundamental
4. ond lexi ble elemente
The Sndian Contetution id ruthu
nae Plerible . d! has a seyd elemenh, shih
ugule Cutai a amndnn ds de assd by
paliamunt, and
erible lema nt, whuns orli nay Jauy
anended
Cus
talakaatly V. Slet
|h [uume Cout hatd tHha dh hanlament
Anat amend tondanen sighti wnee laiee
aolea that hliament had
adyolut a mand he consitutien
is oceaiso
wvwedJ latue y
Keshayenanda Bhadi
s Demcratie Kapublie
|nias ib Damooatie Rajui, whe soveig
reghs wilhw Hu pe ap le . Jhe onoito tio o
|fovids or pasamant
with a ere dent
Slat and
4 Rugid and Placib le elenente
4.
The Snalias Conutttion nuthu
iyd elemt, whh
ugula cuctaia merdnin ds de tassed by

mended
Cue
plakatl V. Slet

eanna amend tondamnt sughli wnee lntie

abislut to amend hu Conityhen
his clcei o wwmoad lat y
keshawananda Bhadi
s Damscratie Republie
ndia ib Qomoatice hupui. whs soveeig
eath wihw He po ap le . Jhe onsiuioo
|rovides tor palo man
with prea oent
Slat and
aud a prime mniks a
ovegn mat
 role ond
titutisn thu
his onal.wncondii Censliktien
is
Volale Hhat
me
mend held count sutem The
aoSnalia Union .Nils Nineva Case
voidl. Oowtitstion wth
fooivedio
änalucing
those Au
and. He
Consliluion
Constitution thu
tien
stat an
|Uian
emegbetueeadisnad oww dueig balanee lay palco bas.
leuy vni roviclu natwu, inulua whik
onstidton. diaj had fimed rouof The
mion
Rajpuihan
V. Slate Cos-
aas keuhyananda Bhat . sladu o kerala I919
ddy eonsiuion e slashes
do moeracy Ihu Co0teph of do moe aey on
regular ele etiony
aulinny
Arde.
Coe
fatue. peopleb pasiupatos
6. Seula 6Jati
ndia Jeavla stat, mani Jhat 1hu
eats a

Janaures tundom a region ndu li 95-2?

uaant sindivicue!
pro dnd fudom
9n Hhis
poopogut aliçioa.
Sewlaisn dueme court hlo 4had
Constitin
Sewlar wton
enal
ny polig olahng
poo pindplas sould be
t
Paliam
h
en tau
Hu anias
of Hh Conatituton emhai
ot
faame witho
|Pastaanat ut
wih exen ner Powet
Muse pows Coast
by He
ndependeat bbiery provicu for
4rdian lonatituioo drdependeca
a
ofpointud bt
proketd Senior and huu lenure is

poiHeal ia lertenee
Court Ad vocats -09- Reorel
Assotiatioo , Unioo
Uneon of ndia (993
court estaisha u
hu dupe loust and allegium yaen yor
kigt ngaring
Judieiad indopandence Hu exe culve
.
|Thu
Socalst and ellae Sat

Conatittisn Seels to poomk

hrough ik Dioectiue princples of

poleg (Pasd iv). whieh, Hrug
thu Stet Hw estalishmen

Cale ’ Slod
Sted kerala V. N.N
kerala ho ad l976
The covrt ia er preed te Disedi e
a tool Sscial Jogicet principly
Shoold be used ko laplement poGes lhad
addrey ineguaty and promale
tnu dsad vantag wfre
 Thl court rulel Hhad cmend
Puliomens pow
pou
nd hat aller
bu'e sruure
cooi to ti oo he supem aep of
lConstiutional
piaiples over
lgulatie
6. Fundamendel
Conitotiso g0renkeb fnolamedas
(Paset lu) whieh enoseale by
CoUdt. Theae seights eseteal
prolectio0 ladividwl
hae beea ikr
iater prathd pen Sivey
time
Kasei Menka bandhi V. Uneon ndia (978

The Je erpended scopo

he Scopo of Ard 21 to iacue
o i with dgnity and be be
delentio0.
agoremad
Court Tuled hat proesd laus was

gh makiy
tnone 8i ve.
 s keuhvenanda, Bat . sld of Kerala 1913
n his lanal maek
Co0zt ule hat
e 6lalhes

Homoeay
th neular ele etion
~fautinmaay
of do mocaey
co e and peoplel pesidpato
. Seeula tate.
(late
ndio is

eats reliquón and

tudom region uneadic 9r-2r
relgion
waantes
and inaividual
poopogat saligia.
he
|Sewlasisn bas'e
Lhe dralia
ontidto otioo
Seular to
pe tee poinip las would be
t
Paliamen
Hu
toy doverugnty
4nolis onatitutLon emhadie
upmacy of Hu Co ilolion
doveveigny ot
of
pasiam
cangi tutonal Umt.
wih exensner
Iut these powws Coatr
 nolea] class Fro
imasondis htps'||
indiatmes.
m.co
Srdia a ms Ti
8loq Pleader
Lasbhoom,
com htps1|
Bhooi
Law
|)htps
munt bapat leguloti
.com byjus tps:l
BIbitography IAS prishti
 SCC Online Web Edition, 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Lid.
Page 1 Tuesday, Novermber 12, 2024
Printed For: akshita dubey, Law College Dehradun, Utaranchal University
LONLINE SCC Online Web Edition: htps/www.scconline.com
True Print TruePrintTM source: Supreme Court Cases, 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law decared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &63.

THE
b SUPREME COURT CASES
(1994) 3 SCC

(1994) 3 Supreme Court Cases 1

(BEFORES. RATNAVEL PANDIAN, A.M. AHMADI, KULDIP SINGH, }S. VERMA,
P.B. SAWANT, K. RAMASWAMY, S.C. AGRAWAL, YOGESHWAR DAYAL
AND B.P. JEEVAN REDDY; JJ,)
S.R. BOMMAI AND OTHERS Appellants;
Versus
UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS Respondents.
d Civil Appeal No. 3645 of I989t with Tc. (C) Nos. 5 and 7 of 1992, 8
and 9 of 1993, C.A. Nos. 193 and 194 Ñf 1989, 1692, 1692-A, 1692
C, 4627-30 of 1993 and I.A. No. 4of 1993 in C.A. No. 1692, ot 1993,
decided onMarch t; 1994
A. Constitution of India Art. 356 Nature, scope,
applicability and effect Issue of promulgation by President in case
of failure of constitutional machinery in States Satisfaction of
President that a situation' has arisen in which the Governmnent of the
State cannot be carried onfn accordance with the provisions of this
Constitution' InterpretatioD of -Situations: where it can be said
that the State Govt. cannot be carried on Disregard by any State
f of the basic values and essential featuire of the Constitution such as
secularism whether included Scope öf judicial review of the
President's satisfaction - Regard to federal structure and Centre
State relations. in this context Efect of issuance of the
promulgation Dissolution of Legislative Assembly and Govt. of the
State whether a necessary consequence Effect of approval/
g disapproval of the promulgation by Parliament -Scope of Court's
power to invalidate and strike down the promulgation and its effect
Rèvival of Legislative Assembly Validation of laws and orders
passed during the PYomulgation Validity on merits of the
promulgations issued in individual cases of States of Karnataka,
t from the Judgment and Order dated August 4, 1989 of he Karnataka High Court in W.P. No.
T899 of 1989: AR 190 Kant 5 : ILR 1989 Kant 2425 (FB)
 SCC Online Web Edition, 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 1 Tuesday, November 12, 2024
Printed For: akshita dubey. Law College Dehradun, Utaranchal University
ONLINET SCC Online Web Edition: https:/www.scconline.com
True Print TruePrintH source: Supreme Court Cases, O 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protecied by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 &63.

224 SUPREME COURT CASES (2000) 6 SCC

22. Thus, in addition to the damages which have to be paid by M/s Span
Motel, as directed in the main judgmnent, it cannot be punished with fine
unless the entire procedure prescribed under the Act is followed and M/a
Span Motel is tried for any of the offences contemplated by the Act and is:
found guilty.
23. The notice issued to M/s Span Motel why pollution fiHe Be not.
imposed upon it is, therefore, withdrawn. But the matter does notend here,
24. Pollution is a civil wrong. By its very nature, it is a tort comimitted
against the community as a whole. A person, therefore, who is guiltý of b
causing pollution has to pay damages (compensation) for restatation'of the
environment and ecology. He has also to pay damages to those, who have
suffered loss on account of the act of the offender. The powers of this Court
under Article 32 are not restricted and it can award darnáges in'a PIL or a
writ petition as has been held in a series of decisions. In addition to damages
aforesaid, the person guiltly of causing pollution can also be held liable to pay c
exemplary damages so rhat it may act as a deterrent for others not to cause
pollution in any manner. Unfortunately, notice for exemplary damages was
not issued to M/s Span Motel although it ought o h£ve been issued. The
considerations for which "fine" can be imposed upon a person guilty of
committing an offence are different from thos on the basis of which
exemplary damages can be awarded. While withdrawing the notice for d
payment of pollution fine, we direct that a fresh hotice be issued to M/s Span
Motel to show cause why in addition to damages, exemplary damages be not
awarded for having committed :the açts set out and detailed in the main
judgment. This notice shall be refürnable within six weeks. This question
shall be heard at the time of quantification of damages under the main
judgment.

(2000) Supreme Court Ca_es,224

(BEFORE S. SAGHIR AHMAD'ANDRP. SETHI, JJ.)
LILY THOMAS AND OTHERS Petitioners; f
Versus
UNION OF INDIÁAND OTHERS Respondents.
Writ Petitions (C) No, 798 of 1995 with Ño. 1079 of 1989, RP (C) No. 1310 of
1995 in WPs.(C) Nos. 509 of 1992, 347 of 1990, 424 of 1992, 503 of 1995, 509
of 1992, 588 and 835 of 1995, decided on May 5, 2000
A. Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 Ss. 17, 11, 13, 10 and 5(i) Penal
Code, 1860S. 494 Conversion does not automatically dissolve first
marriageHeld, since'biganous marriage is prohibited under HMA, 1955
and is an:offence underS: 17, any marriage solemnised by the husband
during the subsistence of his Hindu marriage would be void under S. 11,
and an offence triable under S. 17 r/w S. 494 IPC, regardless of such

tUnder Article 32 of the Constitution of India

 SCC Online Web Edition, 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 1 Tuesday, November 12. 2024
Printed For: akshita dubey. Law College Dehradun, Utaranchal University
LONLINET SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrintTM source: Supreme Court Cases, 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
True Print this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Easten Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1SCC 1paras 61, 62 &63.

UNION OF INDIA v. MADAN GOPAL KABRA 669

(1953)) 2 Supreme Court Cases 669

(BEFORE PATANJALI SASTRI, C.J. AND M.C. MAHAJAN,
a
S.R. DAS, GHULAM HASAN AND B. JAGANNADHADAS, JJ.)
UNION OF INDIA Appetlant 1953
Versus Dec 6
MADAN GOPAL KABRA Respondent
Civil Appeal No. 296 of 1951*, decided on December 16, 1953
A. Income Tax Act, 1922 S. 2(14-A) provisos (b)(i) and (ii) Taxable
territories Deemed taxable territory as respects "any period" Words
"any period" Meaning of
Held, it means any period before or after 31-3-1950 - -Thus, Rajasthan
held to be a deemed taxable territory for the purpose.of S,.4-A of the IT Act,
1922 as respects any period" Further held, if Rajásthan Was a part of the
taxable territories during such period preceding Assessment Year 1950-51,
as would be necessary to make the respondent assessee aresident" in such
territories within the meaning of S. 4-A, then income accruing or arising to
him in Rajasthan during the year 1949-50 woutd be taxable though Rajasthan
was not part of the taxable territories in that yearIncome Tax Act, 1922
S. 4-A Income Tax Act, 1961, Ss. 4 and 5:

The respondent assessee was residingand carryíng-on his businessin Jodipur

in Rajasthan which was one of the Part Batates. The United State of Rajasthan
acccdcd to the Dominion of India by an Instrument of Accession èxccuted on
15-4-1949. Under the terms of the Instrument, the Dominion;Legislatüre had no
power to make any law imposing any tax or duty in the terriories of the United
State of Rajasthan. The Constitution of India then came ipto force on 26-1-1950
which brought all the Part BStates, iieluding Rajasthan, withim thÇ Union of India,
incorporating the territories of att thosé States in thé "territöry of India" as defincd
in Article 1(2). In exercisg of the poyers conferred under Article 245 and Article
246(1) read with Schedule ViI List 1 Entry 82 of the. Cònstitution, Parliamcnt
enacted the Finance Act, 195O pröviding by Section 2(1)that income tax and super
tax shall be charged "for the year beginning on the first day of April, 1950" (i.e.
1950-51). Section 3 of the Finance Act, 1950 m¡de certain amendments in the
Income Tax Act, 1922 and amongst these was the substitution of a new clause
(14-A) in Seçtioa,2 ßf the 1922 Act deffing "taxable territories" in the place of
the old clause (14-A).
The respondene in May 195O.was accordingly asked to file a return of his
income for the prevpus year, that is: the. year ending 31-3-1950 for assessment to
income tax. Thereupon, the respondent filed a writ petition before the High Court
under Article 226 of the Constitutíön for directing the appellant Governmcnt not
totake any action under the 1922 Act, as amended by the Finance Act. 1950. for

tOn appeal from the Judgment and Order dated l6-1-195 l of the High Court of Judicature for
the. State of Rajasthan at Jodhpur (Nawal Kishore and Kanwar Lal Bapna, JJ.) in DB Civil
Miscellaneous Case No. I5 of 1950: (1951) 20 ITR 214 : 1951SCC OnLine Raj 20 |Reversed]
 SCC Online Web Edition, 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 1 Tuesday, Noven r12, 2024
Printed For: akshita dubey, Law College Dehradun, Utaranchal University
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrintT sOurce: Supreme Court Cases, 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Companyv. D.B.
LONLINET Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61., 62 &63.
True Print"

b
THE
SUPREME COURT CASES
(2017) 9SCC n
(2017) 9 Supremne Court Cases
(BEFORE JAGDISHSINGH KHEHAR,CJ. ¢NDKUXIAN JoSEPH.
ROHINTON FALI NARIMAN, UDAY U. LAL0T AND S. ÁBDUL NAZEER, JJ.)
Writ Petition (C) No, 118 of 2016t
d SHAYARA BANO Peiationer;
Versus:
UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS (MINISTRY OF WOMEN
AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT SECRETARY AND OTHERS) Respondents.
Wih
Suo Motu Writ Petition (C) No. 2 of 201S
MUSLIM WOMEN"s QUEST FOR EQUALITY, IN' RE, Petitioner:

JAMIATULMA-1-HIND AND ÞTHERS

,Versus Respondents.
With
,Writ Peition (C) No. 288 of 2016
AAFREEN REHMAN Petitioner;
Versus
UNION GFINDIA AND OTHERS Respondents.
With
g
WritPeition (C) No. 327 of 2016
GULSH¬N PARVEEN Petitioner;
Versus
UNION OF INDIA (REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY)
AND OTHERS Respondents.
With

Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India

 SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.

SCC
|ONLINE
Page 1 Tuesday, Novernber 12, 2024
Printed For: akshita dubey, Law College Dehradun, Uttaranchal University
SCc Online Web Edition: https:/www.scconline.com
TruePring source: Supreme Court Cases, ©2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
True Print this judgment is protecied by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, & 63.

MINERVA MILLS LTD. V. UNION OF INDIA 625

before the amendment by Act l00 of 1956 to motor vebicles used solely
upon the premises of the owner was taken away. This Court held : (SC
D. 794, para 29)
If the subsequent Orissa Motor Vehicles Taxation (Amendmeni)
Act, 1949, incorporating the definition of motor vehicle' referred,to "

the definition of motor vehicle' under tbe Act as then existing, the
effect of this legislative method would, in our view, amount to an,
incorporation by reference of the provisions of Section 2(18) of the Act
in Section 2(¢) of the Taxation Act. Any subsequent amendment in
the Act or atotal repeal of the Act under a fresb legi_Bation on. hat
ic woula 1 not afect the defnition of 'motor vehicle in Section 2()
topic
of the Taxation Act.
As a result this Court held that tbe definition of "motor vehicle given in
Section 2(18) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 before the aniendment by
Act 100 of 1956 was applicable. Relying on this decision, the learied counsel
submitted that the test that is to be applied vo deterinige whether motor
vehicle eis liableunder
to tax or not is whether it comesundeAct,
Section 2(18) of the Motor Veicles
the 1939
exenption
before
provided by
the amendment. We are unable Vebiloe
to ac contention mainly on the
that the Kerala Mator T'axation 24 of 1963)
ground F th
ame into force on March 18, 1963. Section 2
provides that words and expression used but not dèfined in the Motor
Vehicles Act, 1939 (Central Act 4 of 1939) shait bave the meaning respec
tively assigned to them in that Act. On the date when the Kerala Motor
Vebicles Taxation Act was enacted, Motor Vehicles Act, 1939, was iamended
by Act 100 of 1956 and the amended defnition on the date. when the
Taxation Act came into force exempted only motor vebicles which are of a
special adopted for use ony in a factory or in any other enclosed
premises. yhis amended del will have to be read: intÍ th¿ Taxation
Act which was enacted subsequent tó.the date of the amendment of the defini
tion of motor vehicle' by Act 1956. In this we feel that the
decision in Bolani case will not be of any assistapce to the learned counsel
for the appellants.
11. The appeals are allowed to tbe extent ipdicted above. But in the
circumstances there will be io ordér as to costs,

(1980) 3.Supreme Court Cases 625

(BESORE Y. V. CHANDRACHUD, C. J., AND PN. BHAOWATI, A, C. G¯PTA,
N. L. UNTWALIA AED P. 8. KAILASAM, JJ.)
MINERVÂ MILLS LTD. AND ÞTHERs Petitioners;
Bersus
UNION OF INDIA AND QTHERS Respondents.
Writ Peeitions Nos. 356-361 of, 1977; decided on May 9, 1980|July 31, 1980
Edtor's Note: The Order of the majorityin reapect of the above Writ Petitions
Nos. 356-361 of 1977 was given on. May, 9, 1980 and reported
lornent of Chandrachud,
Bhagwati, J., did not pas y ordr nd Kailasam, ) was delivered on July Sl,
980o d below"he majorit'y has held bothSections 4 andalso
55 of the 42nd
delivered on
opinion,
endment unconstitutional. Bhagwati, J., in his separate
of Section 55 of the 42nd Amend
:31; 1980, has concurred on the unconstitutionality
4 which arnended Article 31-C. His separate
ment but has dissented to
with regard Section