**A.

Types of Meals**

* **Breakfast:** The first meal of the day, usually eaten in the

morning.
* Example: "I usually have cereal and coffee for breakfast."
* **Lunch:** The meal eaten in the middle of the day.
* Example: "We had sandwiches for lunch today."
* **Dinner:** The main meal of the day, eaten in the evening.
* Example: "We're having roast chicken for dinner."
* **Snack:** A small amount of food eaten between meals.
* Example: "I had an apple for a snack."
* **Dessert:** Sweet food eaten after the main meal.
* Example: "For dessert, we had ice cream."
* **Appetizer:** A small dish served before the main meal to
stimulate your appetite.
* Example: "We had shrimp cocktail as an appetizer."
* **Main course:** The most important part of a meal, usually
with meat, fish, or a vegetarian option.
* Example: "I ordered the steak as the main course."
* **Side dish:** A small portion of food served along with the
main meal, like salad or vegetables.
* Example: "The mashed potatoes were a good side dish."
* **Buffet:** A meal where people serve themselves from a
variety of dishes.
* Example: "The hotel had a buffet breakfast."

**B. Types of Food and Ingredients**

* **Fruits:** Sweet, edible parts of plants, usually eaten raw,

like apples or bananas.
* Example: "I love eating berries and grapes."
* **Vegetables:** Edible plants or parts of plants, like carrots
or spinach.
* Example: "Broccoli and cauliflower are my favorite
vegetables."
* **Meat:** Animal flesh eaten as food, like chicken or beef.
* Example: "Pork chops and steak are popular meat dishes."
* **Seafood:** Food from the sea, such as fish or shellfish.
* Example: "Salmon and shrimp are delicious seafood
options."
* **Dairy products:** Food made from milk, like cheese or
yogurt.
* Example: "Yogurt and cheese are good sources of calcium."
* **Grains:** Seeds of plants like wheat or rice used for food.
* Example: "Bread and pasta are made from grains."
* **Spices:** Substances used to flavor food, like salt or
pepper.
* Example: "Cinnamon and nutmeg are warm spices."
* **Condiments:** Sauces or spices added to food for flavor,
like ketchup or mustard.
* Example: "Mayonnaise and soy sauce are popular
condiments."
* **Nuts:** Hard-shelled seeds, often eaten as snacks, like
almonds or walnuts.
* Example: "Cashews and almonds are healthy nuts."
* **Sweets:** Foods made with sugar, like candy or chocolate.
* Example: "Cake and cookies are popular sweets."
* **Beverages:** Drinks, such as water, coffee, or juice.
* Example: "Tea and coffee are common beverages."

**C. Cooking Methods**

* **Boil:** To cook food in hot water.

* Example: "I boiled the eggs for breakfast."
* **Grill:** To cook food over an open flame.
* Example: "We grilled burgers and hot dogs."
* **Fry:** To cook food in hot oil.
 * Example: "She fried the chicken until it was crispy."
* **Bake:** To cook food in an oven.
* Example: "I baked a cake for my friend's birthday."
* **Steam:** To cook food using the steam from boiling water.
* Example: "Steaming vegetables helps retain their nutrients."
* **Roast:** To cook food in an oven at high heat.
* Example: "We roasted a turkey for Thanksgiving."
* **Stir-fry:** To quickly cook small pieces of food by stirring
them in hot oil.
* Example: "I stir-fried some vegetables for dinner."
* **Simmer:** To cook food gently in liquid below the boiling
point.
* Example: "The soup needs to simmer for 30 minutes."
* **Sauté:** To cook food quickly in a small amount of oil.
* Example: "I sautéed the onions and garlic."

**D. Phrasal Verbs Related to Food**

* **Eat out:** To eat at a restaurant instead of at home.

* Example: "We like to eat out on Fridays."
* **Cut down on:** To reduce the amount of something, like
sugar or fat.
 * Example: "I'm trying to cut down on soda."
* **Cut out:** To stop eating or drinking something
completely.
* Example: "She cut out caffeine from her diet."
* **Dig in:** To start eating eagerly.
* Example: "The food smells delicious, let's dig in!"
* **Pig out:** To eat too much, usually in an unhealthy way.
* Example: "We pigged out on pizza last night."
* **Whip up:** To quickly make a meal or snack.
* Example: "I'll whip up some pancakes for breakfast."
* **Warm up:** To heat food that has already been cooked.
* Example: "I'll warm up the leftovers for lunch."
* **Go off:** To become spoiled or bad.
* Example: "The milk has gone off."
* **Order in:** To order food from a restaurant and have it
delivered to your home.
* Example: "We ordered in Chinese food last night."

**E. Idioms Related to Food**

* **Spill the beans:** To tell a secret.

* **Piece of cake:** Something that is very easy.
* **Butter someone up:** To flatter someone.
* **Have a lot on your plate:** To be very busy.
* **Cry over spilled milk:** To complain about something that
can't be changed.
* **Bite off more than you can chew:** To take on too much.
* **Take it with a grain of salt:** To not believe something
completely.
* **Bring home the bacon:** To earn money.
* **In a nutshell:** To summarize.

**F. Diet and Nutrition Vocabulary**

* **Balanced diet:** A diet that includes the right amounts of

all essential nutrients.
* **Low-carb diet:** A diet that limits the intake of
carbohydrates.
* **Vegan:** A person who does not eat any animal products.
* **Vegetarian:** A person who doesn't eat meat but may
consume dairy and eggs.
* **Calories:** Units of energy in food.
* **Gluten-free:** A diet that avoids gluten.
* **Protein:** A nutrient essential for building muscle.
* **Carbohydrates:** Nutrients that provide energy.
* **Fats:** Nutrients that store energy.
* **Vitamins:** Nutrients essential for health.
* **Fiber:** A type of carbohydrate that aids digestion.

**G. Phrasal Verbs and Idioms Related to Diet**

* **Cut back on:** To reduce the amount of something.

* **Fill up:** To eat until you're full.
* **Work off:** To exercise to burn calories.
* **Burn off:** To get rid of calories by exercising.
* **Eat like a bird:** To eat very little.
* **Eat like a horse:** To eat a lot.
* **Food for thought:** Something that makes you think
seriously.
* **Chew the fat:** To chat in a relaxed way.
* **You are what you eat:** What you eat affects your health.
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