1
SOLVED PROBLEMS
Applied Physics for CSE Stream [BPHYS102/202]
Module-3 : Quantum Computation
________________________________________________________________
1 i
1. Find the norm of U =
2
†
U =U
U = [1+i 2].
1 i
U U = [1+i 2] = 12 - i 2 + 4 = 1 + 1 + 4
2
U U =6
a
2. Find the inner product of A = with itself.
ib
†
A= A
A = [1- ib].
a 2 2 2 2 2
A A = [a - ib] = a - i b = a + b
ib
2 2
A A =a +b
Kalpataru Institute of Technology, Tiptur.
2
0 i
3. If A = i 0 prove that A† = A. (JUN / JUL - 2023)
,
0 i 0 i
If A = i 0 , then A = i 0
*
0 i
Then A*T = A† = i 0
⸫ A† = A
4. Find the inner product of states 0 &
1
and draw conclusions on the result.
(JUN / JUL - 2023)
1 0
0 = , 1 = , 0 = [1 0] and 1 = [0 1].
We have 0 1
1
0 0 = [1 0] = 1+0 =1 So, 0 is normalized
0
0
1 1 = [0 1] = 0+1 =1 So, 1 is also normalized
1
0 1
0 1 = [1 0] = 0+0 =0 and 1 0 = [0 1] = 0+0 =0
1 0
So, 0 and 1 are orthogonal to each other.
Hence the set of vectors 0 and 1 is orthonormal.
The physical significance of the orthonormal condition is that if 0 and 1
represent the two spin states of a particle, then the spins are mutually exclusive.
Kalpataru Institute of Technology, Tiptur.
3
5. Explain the matrix representation of 0 & 1 states. Apply identity operator on
them.
(DEC-2023 / JAN-2024 & Model QP-2)
1 0
0 = and 1 =
The matrix representations are 0 1
1 0
We have I =
0 1
0 1
There will be no change when it operates on or
1 0 1 1
I 0 = That is, I0 =0
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0
I1 = That is, I1 =1
0 1 1 1
1
= 1
*
6. Given 2 & 2 .Prove that .
(Model QP-2)
[1* 2* ] [1* 2* ]
We can write &
1* 2* 1 1* 1 2* 2
2
& 1* 2* 1 1 1* 2 2*
2 Or
1* 1 2* 2
*
*
Kalpataru Institute of Technology, Tiptur.
4
7. A linear operator X operates such that X 0 1 & X 1 0 . Find the matrix
representation of X. (DEC-2023&JAN-2024, Model QP-1 & JAN/ FEB -2023)
1 0
0 = & 1 =
We have 0
1
x x
X = 11 12
Let x 21 x 22
Given X 0 1
x11 x12 1 0
x
21 x 22 0 1
x11 0
x 21 1 => x11 = 0 & x21 = 1
Also, X 1 0
x11 x12 0 1
x x 22 1 0
21
x12 1
x 22 0 => x12 = 1 & x22 = 0
0 1
X =
1 0
Kalpataru Institute of Technology, Tiptur.
5
8. A linear operator Yoperates such that Y 0 i 1 & Y 1 i 0 . Find the matrix
representation of Y.
1 0
0 = & 1 =
We have 0 1
y11 y12
Let Y = y 21 y 22
Given Y 0 i 1
y11 y12 1 0
y y 22 0 i 1
21
y 0
11
y 21 i => y11 = 0 & y21 = i
Also, Y 1
i 0
y11 y12 0 1
y
y 22 1 0
i
21
y12 i
y 22 0 => y12 = - i & y22 = 0
0 i
Y =
i 0
Kalpataru Institute of Technology, Tiptur.
6
9. A linear operator Z operates such that Z 0 0 & Z 1 1 . Find the matrix
representation of Z.
1 0
0 = & 1 =
We have 0
1
z11 z12
Let Z = z 21 z 22
Given Z 0 0
z11 z12 1 1
z
21 z 22 0 0
z11 1
z 21 0 => z11 = 1 & z21 = 0
Z1 1
Also,
z11 z12 0 0
z z 22 1 1
21
z12 0
z 22 1 => z12 = 0 & z22 = -1
1 0
Z =
0 1
Kalpataru Institute of Technology, Tiptur.
7
10. Using matrix multiplication, show that on applying Hadamard gate twice to a
0
vector results in its original state.
1 1 1
We have H =
2 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 0
⸫ HH =
2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 0 2 0 1
1 0 1 1
Now, consider HH 0
0 1 0 0
⸫ HH 0 0
11. Show that Hadamard gate is unitary.
1 1 1
We have H=
2 1 1
1 1 1
⸫ H* =
2 1 1
1 1 1
Then H† = H*T =
2 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 0
⸫HH† = 1 1 1 1 2 0 2 0 1
2 1 1 2 1 1 2
Or HH† = I
Hence Hadamard gate is unitary.
Kalpataru Institute of Technology, Tiptur.
8
12. Using two X gates in series form a quantum wire.
The required condition here is XX = I
0 1
We have X=
1 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
Then XX =
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
⸫ XX = I
13. Show that S gate can be formed by connecting two T gates in series.
1 0 1 0
We have T = i / 4
and S=
0 e 0 i
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Consider TT = i / 4 i / 4
i / 2
0 e 0 e 0 e 0 i
⸫ T2 = S
[Note: e iπ/2 = cos π/2 + i sin π/2 = 0 + i ×1 = i]
___
Kalpataru Institute of Technology, Tiptur.
