Learning Activity Sheet for SCIENCE 7
Lesson FORCE
Competency Identify that forces act between objects and can be measured.
References Science in the Modern World Textbook, pp. 138-141
Writer/Compiler Rhiamyn F. Alvaro/ Lovely Pearl B. Selibio/ Nor Mydalen K. Mamangkas
Background Information for Learners / Panimula (Susing Konsepto)
Forces are present everywhere in your daily life. Whether you are sitting, standing, writing, or playing, different kinds of forces are at work.
When you sit on a chair and push on it, it pushes back on you. The same goes for when you stand on the floor. You press down, and the floor pushes
you back. With this, let us define FORCE.
FORCE
‐ A push or pull acting on an object.
‐ it is an interaction between two things that can cause an object to speed up, to slow down, or change direction.
‐ it can even change the shape of an object when applied.
‐ The unit used to measure force is Newtons (N).
Brief History of Force
o Aristotle (384-322 BCE)
‐ proposed that motion requires continuous application of force and distinguishes between natural and violent motion.
‐ Natural motion is the normal state of an object. He believed that different elements (earth, water, air, fire, and ether) have their own
natural places.
‐ Earth and water naturally move toward the center, hence heavy object fall downward. On the other hand, air and fire move upward
toward the heavens.
‐ Violent motion is a result of forces. Objects on their natural resting place could not move by themselves, they had to pe pushed or
pulled.
o Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
‐ Galileo challenged Aristotle’s ideas by demonstrating that objects in motion do not need a continuous application of force to keep
moving.
‐ He introduced the concept of inertia. He proposed that an object in motion would continue moving at constant speed unless acted
upon an external force.
‐ His idea laid the groundwork for Newton’s laws of motion.
o Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
‐ He is one of the most important figures in the history of force.
‐ His Three Laws of Motion and the Law of Universal Gravitation established a mathematical framework for understanding the motion of
objects.
‐ His second law, F=ma which explains the link of force and acceleration is a fundamental principle in mechanics.
o Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
‐ His work in electromagnetism expanded the concept of force beyond mechanics to include electric and magnetic forces.
‐ He discovered the relationship between electricity and magnetism, leading to the development of electromagnetic fields.
‐ His work showed how forces could act at a distance without physical contact.
FORCE VECTOR
‐ Force is a vector quantity which means it has both magnitude and direction.
‐ It is usually expressed in SI Unit, Newton (N).
‐ Force is represented as a line with an arrowhead at its tip.
‐ The length of the arrow indicated the magnitude of the force, while the arrowhead tells its direction.
Four Cardinal Directions Four Intercardinal Directions
1. North (N) 1. Northwest (NW)
2. South (S) 2. Southwest (SW)
3. East (E) 3. Northeast (NE)
4. West (W) 4. Southeast (SE)
Note!
Consequently, North and East signify positive directions (+), while South and West signify their negative counterparts (-).
VISUAL REPRESENTATION OF FORCE
‐ is a diagram or drawing that shows the forces acting on an object
‐ It is often used in free-body diagrams, which helps analyze and solve problems involving force and motion
‐ It makes complex concepts easier to understand and communicate
Example:
A man slides a fruit crate along the floor applying a 200 N force to the right. The 200 N is the magnitude of the force while its direction is to
the right. Below is a visual representation of the applied force.
To represent the applied force, you can draw a five-centimeter-long arrow directed to the right using the scale (1 cm = 40 N).
Exercises / Activities / Pamaraan 1
Directions: Match the illustrations in Column A to its effect on Column B.
Exercises / Activities / Pamaraan 2
Directions: Think about what force each machine uses to get a job done. For each machine, write push or pull.
Exercises / Activities / Pamaraan 3
Directions: Draw an accurate representation of the following forces using a scale (1cm = 30 N).
1. 150 N, West
2. 60 N, Northeast
3. 225 N, Southwest
4. 30 N, East
5. 300 N, North
Additional Activities for Mastery / Evaluation
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the correct answer from the given choices. Write the letter of your choices on a one whole sheet of
paper.
1. What is the unit of force in the International System of Units (SI)?
A. Kilogram (kg) C. Newton (N)
B. Meter (m) D. Joule (J)
2. Which of the following is a correct statement about force?
A. A force is a scalar quantity.
B. Force does not change the state of motion of an object.
C. Force can only act when two objects are in direct contact.
D. Force is a vector quantity and has both magnitude and direction.
3. Which ancient Greek philosopher believed that all motion required a continuous application of force?
A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Galileo Galilei
D. Isaac Newton
4. What key concept did Galileo Galilei contribute to the understanding of force and motion?
A. Objects in motion will eventually come to rest.
B. The force is always proportional to the speed of an object.
C. An object will continue in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
D. The Earth is the center of the universe.
5. Which of the following is an example of force changing the motion of an object?
A. A person lifting a box.
B. A car accelerating after the engine is started.
C. A balloon popping due to pressure.
D. A ball coming to a stop after rolling.
