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Sociology Chapter 11

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51 views2 pages

Sociology Chapter 11

Uploaded by

cbradley
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Real World

By Kerry Ferris and Jill Stein

Chapter 11: The Economy and Work

CHAPTER OUTLINE

11.1 World Economic Systems


1. Capitalism
a. Capitalism: An economic system based on the laws of free market competition,
privatization of the means of production, and production for profit.
2. Socialism
a. Socialism: An economic system based on the collective ownership of the means
of production, collective distribution of goods and services, and government
regulation.
b. Communism: A system of government that eliminates private property; it is the
most extreme form of socialism, because all citizens work for the government
and there are no class distinctions.
3. The U.S. Economy

11.2 The Nature of Work


1. The Agricultural Revolution and Agricultural Work Today
a. Agricultural Revolution: The social and economic changes, including population
increases, that followed from the domestication of plants and animals and the
gradually increasing efficiency of food production.
2. The Industrial Revolution and Industrial Work Today
a. Industrial Revolution: The rapid transformation of social life resulting from the
technological and economic developments that began with the assembly line,
steam power, and urbanization.
b. Alienation: The sense of dissatisfaction the modern worker feels as a result of
producing goods that are owned and controlled by someone else.
3. The Information Revolution and Postindustrial Work Today
a. Information Revolution: The recent social revolution made possible by the
development of the general-purpose microchip in the 1970s, which brought
about vast improvements in the ability to manage information.
b. Service Work
i. Service work: Work that involves providing a service to businesses or
individual clients, customers, or consumers rather than manufacturing
goods.
c. Knowledge Work
i. Knowledge work: Work that primarily deals with information; producing
value in the economy through ideas, judgments, analyses, designs, or
innovations.
ii. Telecommuting: Working from home while staying connected to the
office through communications technology.
The Real World
By Kerry Ferris and Jill Stein
4. Time for a Vacation?

11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope


1. Resistance strategies: Ways that workers express discontent with their jobs and try to
reclaim control of the conditions of their labor.
2. Individual Resistance: Handling Bureaucracy
3. Collective Resistance: Unions
a. Union: An association of workers who bargain collectively for wages and benefits
and better working conditions.

11.4 The Conscience of Corporate America

11.5 The Economics of Globalization


1. Globalization: The cultural and economic changes resulting from dramatically increased
international trade and exchange in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
2. International Trade
3. Transnational Corporations
4. Global Sweatshop Labor
a. Sweatshop: A workplace in which workers are subject to extreme exploitation,
including below-standard wages, long hours, and poor working conditions that
may pose health or safety hazards.
5. Outsourcing
a. Outsourcing: “Contracting out” or transferring to another country the labor that
a company might otherwise have employed its own staff to perform; typically
done for financial reasons.

11.6 Different Ways of Working


1. Professional Socialization in Unusual Fields
2. The Contingent and Alternative Workforce
a. Contingent and alternative workforce: Those who work in positions that are
temporary or freelance or who work as independent contractors.
3. The Third Sector and Volunteerism
a. Independent (or third) sector: The part of the economy composed of nonprofit
organizations; their workers are mission driven, rather than profit driven, and
such organizations direct surplus funds to the causes they support.

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