EDUCATIONAL MEDIA

Definitions
• Media is any digital, electronic or printed means of communication. —
Macmillan Dictionary
• Educational media refers to channels of communication that carry
messages with an instructional purpose. They are usually utilized for
the sole purpose of learning and teaching. —Web Crawler, 2013
Purposes of media
• Media are a familiar medium to students that helps gain attention and
maintain.
• Students’ interest in the theories and concepts under discussion.
• Students can see the theories and concepts in action.
Components of media
The following 4 M’s are the major components of media:
• Methods: It is concerned with the devices such as programmed
learning team teaching, micro teaching, and personalized systems of
instruction in teaching-learning, situations.
• Materials: Instructional materials such as programmed textbooks, the
material of this type may be handwritten or printed.
• Media: The media used here are audio, visual, or audiovisual (AV). A
few examples are radio, tape recorders, charts, films, educational
television, etc.
• Man power: Manpower controls educational technology in every way.
Educational technology without a man is zero
 Principles of media
❖All media are constructions.
❖The media construct reality.
❖Audiences negotiate meaning in media.
❖Media have commercial implications.
❖Media contain ideological and value messages.
Steps of media
 Significant role of media in education
❑Media can help young people put current images and messages about how the
media work and enhance the teaching–learning process.
❑Media is the most powerful tool of communication. It helps promoting the right
things on right time. It gives a real exposure to the mass audience about what is
right or wrong.
❑Media create interest in students learning and turn their attention to educational
topics.
❑Media provide necessary basis for gradual and supplementary learning and make
it perpetual.
❑Media give real and actual experience to students and motivate them for more
activities.
❑Media provide students with some experience that cannot be acquired from other
ways, so they increase their mental development, deep understanding, and
learning.
 TYPES OF MEDIA
Media can be categorized into three groups:
• Traditional Materials
It can be regarded as classic or old usually include board, course-book,
worksheet, chart, realia, flashcard, teacher made materials, etc.
• Audio-visual Materials
These are regarded as new for many teachers, video player, audio
materials, video camera, computer, projection device, and so on.
• Information Communication Technologies (ICT) Based Materials
These are Interactive White Boards (IWB), materials providing mobile-
assisted language learning (MALL) such as Web 2.0, tablet computers,
the internet, podcasts, smartphone, Web 3.0, etc.
 STILL VISUALS
Still visuals are visually concrete than verbal. They are projected and
nonprojected AV aids.
NONPROJECTED AV AIDS
The nonprojected AV aids are further classified as:
• Graphic aids: Graphic aids include drawing and diagrams, charts,
graphs, posters, cartoons, flipcharts, flashcards, flannel, and pictures,
photographs, etc.
• Display boards: Display boards include black board, white board,
bulletin board, roller board, magnetic board, etc.
• Print material: The print material includes pamphlets, booklets,
leaflets, handouts, etc.
• Audio aids: The audio aids include radio, recordings, television, etc.
• Three-dimensional aids: The three-dimensional aids include objects,
specimen, models, exhibits mockups, puppets, etc.
• Activity aids: Activity aids include dramatics, demonstrations, field
trips, computer a assisted instructions, programmed instructions,
teaching machines, etc.
 PROJECTED AV AIDS
❖The projected AV aids require projection and consists of following:
❖Hardware, i.e., some machines, e.g., overhead projectors,
opeidoscope, film projector, slide projector, power projector, etc.
❖Software, i.e., the material which is projected by projecting machines,
e.g., transparencies, film strips, slides, video film, audio-visual films,
print material floppy, CD, DVD, etc.
 DRAWING AND DIAGRAM
Diagrams are graphic organizers used to organize information and
present ideas visually. They can be used by instructors while teaching or
by students while taking notes or completing assignments. Diagrams are
versatile learning strategies that can be incorporated into lessons across
disciplines and grade levels, and they often help students who are visual
learners. Students can use diagrams to structure writing projects, make
decisions, solve problems, study, brainstorm or plan a project.
Types of Diagrams
❑Venn Diagram
❑Web Diagrams
❑Flowcharts
❑Drawings
 CHARTS
The chart is a visual aid that depicts pictorial and written key
information in a systematic way to summarize, compare, contrast etc.
e.g., anatomical charts and figures, diagrams, etc, A chart is a simple flat
pictorial display material and, if used appropriately, conveys the
displayed information in a highly effective manner
Features of a Good Chart
❖It should be sufficiently large to be seen easily.
❖It should be clear, simple, and not overcrowded with facts.
❖It should be attractive and should tell about the theme in detail.
❖It should be in symbols and words and have a few comparisons.
❖It should highlight the main points.
❖It should be strong enough to stand rough use.

Purposes
❖To visualize an item, it is otherwise difficult to explain only in words.
❖To highlight important points.
❖To provide outline of materials covered in presentation.
Types of Charts
Organizational Chart
These are used to represent functional relation among the different
components in our organization whether manmade or natural. Food
chain, administrative hierarchy in institution, etc. can be shown on
organizational chart.
Time Chart
These are used to represent events, occurrences in chronological
sequences. Evolution of man, political empires, etc can be shown using
time chart, which helps learners to compare and contrast events in
relation to time.
Tabular Chart
It shows data in tabular form for easy comparison and understanding.
For example, types of crops, plants, etc. are represented in tabular form,
which makes comprehension easier (Fig. 9).
Tree Chart
It shows growth and development from single source to many branches
like in a tree. In a time chart, it is generally a single line representation
whereas in a tree chart many branches are there like a tree.
Stream Chart

It is opposite to tree chart wherein may branches come together to

converge into a single stream. For example, many rivers like Yamuna
fall in Ganga, which then flows down to fall in the sea.
 GRAPHS
Graphs are excellent means of presenting quantitative data in a form that
enables pupils to understand fundamental or specific relationships.
There are several kinds of graphs used in teaching social sciences. The
basic skills involved in the effective interpretation of graphs include the
ability to understand the significance of the title, to understand the basic
units of measure used in the construction of the graph, to interpret the
relationships shown, to draw inferences and important generalizations
based on the data, and to relate information derived from graphs to that
gained from reading and other sources of information.
Types of Graphs
• Line graph: It illustrate how related data changes over a specific
period of time. One axis might display a value, while the other axis
shows the timeline.

• Bar graph: It offer a simple way to compare numeric values of any

kind, including inventories, group sizes and financial predictions. Bar
graphs can be either horizontal or vertical. One axis represents the
categories, while the other represents the value of each category.

• Pictograph: A pictograph uses pictures or symbols to display data

instead of bars. Each picture represents a certain number of items.
Pictographs can be useful when you want to display data in a highly
visual presentation such as an infographic.
• Histogram: A histogram is another type of bar graph that illustrates the
distribution of numeric data across categories. People often use histograms to
illustrate statistics. For example, a histogram might display how many people
belong to a certain age range within a population.

• Area graph: Area graphs show a change in one or more quantities over a certain
period of time. They often help when displaying trends and patterns. Similar to a
line graph, area graphs use dots connected by a line.

• Scatter plot: Scatter plots use dots to depict the relationship between two different
variables. For example scatter plot graph can be used to show the relationship
between a person’s height and weight. The process involves plotting one variable
along the horizontal axis and the other variable along the vertical axis.
 POSTERS
Posters are a vital teacher’s tool used to enable visualization in the
classroom to further student learning. Cognitive science has proven that
visual display of information supports students, in fact dual coding
theory suggests that both visual and verbal information are processed
differently and is a key component of cognition. Posters are a great way
to make learning fun, so let’s study some of the advantages of using
posters as a visual aid as part of learning.
Features of a Good Poster
❑Brevity: Message should be concise and clear
❑Simplicity: Easily understandable
❑Idea: Based on single idea
❑Layout: Organization after try out (blue print)
❑Colour: Suitable color combination should be used to make poster
attractive and eye catching.
❑Appropriateness: The topic and image should correspond to the
subject matter
❑Attractiveness: It must capture the attention
❑Size: The poster should be easily identified from a distance
Advantages
❑It conveys the message quickly.
❑Poster leads to action with motivation. It can standalone and is self-
explanatory.
❑It’s an effective way for students to draw and maintain their attention
on topics and to maintain their interest.
❑Posters are used to motivate students to learn specific topics.
❑Posters help learners to focus on a certain idea, event, fact or process.
❑Posters are a convenient way for both students and teachers to help
students understand the topics a lot faster.
Disadvantages
❑It does not always give enough information.
❑When it is seen too often, it no longer attracts attention needs frequent
change.
❑It can be damaged easily by rains, storm etc.
❑Can be used for limited period and information.
 CARTOONS
Teaching is a very strenuous profession. It takes a lot of effort to transfer
the whole lot of information from your own mind into someone else’s
mind. For this reason, teaching necessitates a lot of new strategies,
technologies, and ideas which can make this task easier. Cartoons have
been abundantly used as a teaching aid for a very long time. They have
made learning an easier and a better experience for the students.
Cartoons have made humdrum subjects fascinating for the students.
Cartoons bring in life into the dull pages of the books and the hidden
secrets of the subject.
Definitions
• Cartoons is a drawings that exaggerate some physical feature, action,
or quality of a person or thing.
• Cartoon is an excellent form of expression, which can deliver positive
messages and can create awareness among learners as the characters
speak to you and narrates the whole story through their gestures.
Ian Diamond
Principles
• It should be suitable to the age, class and experience, level of students.
• The writing and graphics used in the cartoon should be meaningful
and intelligible to them.
• Cartoon should be adequate size, so that the details can be made
visible to the entire class.
• The symbols used in the cartoon should be clear understandable.
• Cartoon need to be both amusing and instructive.
• Students must be actively involved in the process of preparing cartoon.
Types of Cartoons
✓A novel way of using pictures.
✓Symbols.
✓Bold exaggeration for presenting a message.
✓A point of view concerning a personality, news and situations.
Articles
• Chart.
• Pen or pencil.
• Rubber.
• Sketch.
• Scale.
Preparation of Cartoon
• It is an imagination and creativity.
• Cartoon is more attention drawing and in a small space, gives a lot of
imagination, particularly on the current happenings.
• Interpreting or high lighting some social, political, economic, literary and
scientific data.
Importance of Cartoons in Education
❑Cartoons catch attention.
❑Cartoons lead to a better understanding.
❑Cartoons can develop public speaking.
❑Cartoons are an effective way to teach moral education.
❑Cartoons are a great tool for pre-schooling.
❑Cartoons can make children artists.
❑Cartoons will enhance thinking skills.
❑Cartoons can improve vocabulary.
❑Cartoons can improve the student-teacher relationship.
BLACKBOARD
Definition
A blackboard is defined as a flat surface feature, it can be a board made of wood, fiber or
sometime made plastered on the wall of the class. The board is painted black to reflect the
white chalks used to write on it.
1.Teaching Effectiveness
2.Classroom Management
3.Pace of Learning Control
4.Natural Slide Experience
5.Catering to Different Learning Abilities
6.Flexibility
7.Enhancement of Comprehension Skills
8.Immediate Feedback
9.Multipurpose Teaching Aid
 BULLETIN BOARD
Definitions
• A bulletin board is a board that is usually attached to a wall in order to
display notices giving. Information about something. —Collins
dictionary

• A board on the wall of a classroom, office, etc., where things (such as

written notices or pictures) are put so that they can be seen by many
people. —Britannica dictionary
Purposes
• Motivates the learner.
• Broadens the sensory experience and provides experience outside the students’
environment.
• Gives the correct initial information.
• Supplement and correlates the instructions and saves time.
Importance of Bulletin Board
• Important information can be posted for a wide audience.
• Bulletin boards help in organizing information in a visually accessible manner.
• Facilitate communication among groups of people.
• Raise awareness about important topics, events, or causes.
• Bulletin boards often contain valuable reference materials and resources. In
educational settings, teachers can post study guides, helpful websites, and subject-
related materials.
Uses of Bulletin Board
❖The theme or message conveyed should be clear, simple, interesting,
and balanced.
❖Arrange the information in a neat orderly way using appropriate
material.
❖Do not crowd the Bulletin Board.
❖Give a suitable title, large enough to be seen from a distance.
❖Use neutral colors for the background.
❖Layout should be attractive, simple, and easy to understand.
❖The information conveyed should remain for a limited period.
 FLANNEL BOARD/KHADI GRAP/WELT BOARD
These are rough felt boards covered with skin tight flanne wool or khadi on to which
cutouts, writings, symbols, figures made out of light card board pasted with flannel
khadi at the back are displayed.
Advantages
❖Flexible, dynamic, portable, convenient, and reusable.
❖Locally produced, in-expensive, and attract attention easily when properly
displayed.
❖Promote step by step logical orderly presentation and can be referred again for
classifying.
 FLIP CHART
Flip charts are useful in teaching situations where you need to teach a number of people at a time, they are used.
When books are unavailable, scarce or too expensive for individuals to have their own copy. When other media
such as overheads and slides are not available, and where group learning most culturally appropriate. Flip charts
are a series of charts containing visual information about the same area of knowledge.
Purposes
• To show continuity process
• To increase motivation in the student
• To summarize information
• To express the idea in a sequential manner
• To show development of structures
Principles
• Be simple with relevant drawings
• Have a message
• Be attractive but not messy
• Have letters large enough to be easily from a distance.
FLASH CARDS
Flash cards are a set of pictures with suitable captions or a write up prepared on any
theme. Each one will represent a particular idea and the cards are arranged in
particular sequence so as to send out the message to the audience.
Purposes of Flash Cards
• Flash card is used to attract a group’s attention.
• It is used to convey an idea effectively in sequential manner.
• Flash card is used to teach basic concepts of health care especially with group of
mothers children and person who cannot read.
• It is used as a supplementary aid in education.
• It is used to start discussions that help people to look critically at the physical and
social factors that affect their health.
Types of Flash Cards
❑Based on the type of materials used, flash cards can be classified as
follows:
❑Plain flash cards
❑Laminated flash cards
❑Synthetic flash cards
❑Flash cards prepared from old tins/metal cans.
❑Flash cards made of heavy cloth.
Advantages of Flash Cards
❑Inexpensive, easily transportable.
❑Can be hand made from the local materials.
❑It holds the attention of the audience.
❑Overcomes the language barriers.
❑Illiterates can understand and learn.
❑Flexible to meet the requirement of the speaker.
❑Effective way to resent an important message in areas where people
gather.
 STILL PICTURES/PHOTOGRAPHS
Using still pictures and photographs as teaching media can be highly
effective in various educational settings. Visual aids, including static
images, enhance the learning experience by making content more
engaging, memorable, and comprehensible.
 PRINTED MATERIALS
• It consists of all written material, excluding non-print resources, which
convey planned course information. Examples of printed resources
include, but are not limited to textbooks, workbooks, reference books,
magazines, newspaper, and journals. There are three mechanisms on
how to select print materials:
• Appropriateness of the print material to the planned course.
• Readability of text and appropriateness of the vocabulary and content
of the print material to the age/maturity level of the students for whom
the material is intended.
• The material shall be screened for accuracy of the content and shall be
free of bias (sex, race, religion, ethnic).
Advantages of Print Materials
• Extremely portable: Print materials can be used in any location.
• High comfort level: Most students are very comfortable using print
materials to learn.
• Cost effective: Print materials can be created and duplicated with little
expense.
• Readily available: Many distance learning courses can take advantage
of existing textbooks, thus saving the time and expense of creating
custom materials.
 HANDOUT
❑As the name suggests, a handout is any type of document that a
speaker handsout to participants during a lecture, presentation,
conference or meeting. It allows your audience to get a clear overview
of the main points, or to sum up what they have heard afterwards.
❑A handout isn’t just a summary of slide titles; it can be much more
detailed, summing up each individual topic and serving as a reference
for core concepts and central insights.
 LEAFLETS
The leaflet, also called a folded flier or brochure, is a product printed on
a single sheet that’s folded once or more. A well-designed leaflet can
contain a great deal of information. This information can supplement
messages featured on posters and banners or through television and
radio. Leaflets can be distributed by hand or by post. In general, whether
a leaflet, a slightly bulkier brochure, or a simple one-page flier, the key
element in the design is the creative use of headlines, text design, and
paper.
 PROJECTED MEDIA TOOLS
FILM STRIP
It is a series of still photographs, diagrams, charts. Lettering or drawing
on a strip of 35 mm. Perforated edges of the film fit over projector
sprockets, when adjusted to project the film frame or picture on the
screen, each succeeding image done will be in focus and in proper
position on the screen.
 MICROSCOPE
A microscope lets the user see the tiniest parts of our world: microbes,
small structures within larger objects and even the molecules that are the
building blocks of all matter. The ability to see otherwise invisible
things enriches our lives on many levels. Doctors can diagnose and treat
diseases better, scientists are able to reveal links that help put criminals
behind bars and make our world safer by examining the strength of
bridges and other structures. Students also use microscopes to gain
knowledge of the world around them.
 POWERPOINT SLIDES
Sometimes abbreviated as PP or PPT, PowerPoint is a presentation
program developed by Microsoft that creates a slideshow of important
information, charts, and images for a presentation. It is most often used
for business and school presentations.
Benefits of PowerPoint
PowerPoint provides multiple benefits to users, including:
• It is widely used and considered the “standard” for presentation
software. If you create a PowerPoint presentation, it’s more likely it
will be easier for others to open and view.
• It includes many optional presentation features, including slide
transitions, animations, layouts, templates, etc.
 OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
An overhead projector (often abbreviated to OHP), like a film or slide
projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing
the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large
audience. In the overhead projector, the source of the image is a page-
sized sheet of transparent plastic film (also known as ‘foils’ or
‘transparencies’) with the image to be projected either printed or hand-
written/drawn. These are placed on the glass platen of the projector,
which has a light source below it and a projecting mirror and lens
assembly above it (hence, ‘overhead’). They were widely used in
education and business before the advent of video projectors.
 MOVING VISUALS
Moving visuals play a crucial role in enhancing nursing education by
providing dynamic and engaging content for students. These visuals can
effectively supplement traditional teaching methods and offer a range of
benefits for both educators and learners.
Video learning resources-videotapes
Video tape is magnetic tape used for storing video and usually sound in
addition. Information stored can be in the form of either an analog or
digital signal. Video tape is used in both video tape recorders (VTRs)
and, more commonly, videocassette recorders (VCRs) and camcorders.
Video tapes have also been used for storing scientific or medical data,
such as the data produced by an electrocardiogram.
 BLU-RAY
The Blu-ray Disc (BD), often known simply as Blu-ray, is a digital
optical disc storage format. It is designed to supersede the DVD format,
and capable of storing several hours of high-definition video (HDTV
720p and 1080p). The main application of Blu-ray is as a medium for
video material such as feature films and for the physical distribution of
video games for the Play Station 3, Play Station 4, Play Station 5, Xbox
One, and Xbox Series X. The name ‘Blu- ray’ refers to the blue laser
(which is actually a violet laser) used to read the disc, which allows
information to be stored at a greater density than is possible with the
longer-wavelength red laser used for DVDs.
 USB FLASH DRIVE
A USB flash drive (also called a thumb drive) is a data storage device
that includes flash memory with an integrated USB interface. It is
typically removable, rewritable and much smaller than an optical disc.
Most weigh less than 30 g (1 oz). Since first appearing on the market in
late 2000, as with virtually all other computer memory devices, storage
capacities have risen while prices have dropped. As of March 2016,
flash drives with anywhere from 8 to 256 gigabytes (GB) were
frequently sold, while 512 GB and 1 terabyte (TB) units were less
frequent.
 MOTION PICTURE/FILMS
A series of pictures projected on a screen in rapid succession with objects shown in
successive positions slightly changed so as to produce the optical effect of a
continuous picture in which the objects move.
Uses of Motion Pictures
• Compel attention.
• Make experience firsth.
• Edited version of reality.
• Make distant past and present real in the classroom
• Can control time-factor.
• Offers common denominator of experience.
• Can influence and even change attitudes.
• Bring variety into the classroom.
 REALIA AND MODELS
Realia are real-life objects that enable children to make connections to
their own lives as they try to make sense of new concepts and ideas.
This strategy brings the Perspectives central text to life for students by
using everyday objects during the read aloud.
Unmodified Real Things
• These are things as they are, without any alteration, excepting that
they have been removed from their natural or original real-life
environment. The unmodified real things have every segment intact.
• In addition, they may operate, work or be alive and are of normal size.
They can be recognized by the learners for what they are. Cars in a
garage, a live dog, chick or goat, a national flag or insect like
grasshoppers are examples of unmodified real things.
Modified Real Things
These are things that are no more in their exact natural state. The human
skeleton usually seen in laboratories, some often painted to emphasize
some parts as example of modified real things. A human skill with its
parts separated and rearrange to clarify its structure is a typical modified
real thing used in schools. Models and mock- ups are modified real
things. Real things are used for instructional purposes because of their
great potential to arouse and stimulate learner interest and thus enhance
learning.
Advantages of Real Things
❑Improve Classroom Success
❑Student Distractions
❑Expenses
❑Time
❑Space
❑Convenience
 MODELS
The term ‘model’ carries different meaning in our day to day life. We
look at the model of Taj Mahal and find it an exact replica of the
original this is why model prove a quite effective aid as a substitute for
reality in the classroom situations.
Definitions
❖Teaching models are just instructional designs. They describe the
process of specifying and producing.
❖Particular environmental situation which cause the student to interact
in such a way that specific changes occur in his behavior. —Joyce and
Weil, 1972
❖Models are prescriptive teaching strategies designed to accomplish
particular instructional goals. —Paul D Eggen, et al., 1979
Values of Model
• Enable class participation, individually or in groups.
• Complement work sheets and other teaching aids.
• Give the learner visual, tactile and aural stimuli.
• Which will increase the learning experience.
Preparation of a Model
• Articles
• Clay
• Painting material
• Brush for painting
• Adhesive material (fevicol)
• Thermocol
Advantages
❑Makes learning meaningful and direct.
❑Illustrates application, principles and laws.
❑Explains complete and intricate operation in simple way.
❑Makes comprehension easier.
❑Lasting and usually inexpensive.
❑Models are easy to make, since it is waste paper, cardboard, etc.
❑Models are reasonable in size and convenient to handle.
❑Involves all the five sense and makes learning effective.
Limitations of Models
❖Some models are difficult to make.
❖Models need expertise to make.
❖Some of the models are very expensive.
❖Sometimes it may give wrong impression.
❖Needs a lot of time to make.
❖Models should be handled carefully.
❖Not always possible to use model for teaching, e.g., teaching.
❖Difficult to build up a collection of materials to make a model.
 AUDIO AIDS/AUDIO MEDIA
Audio media can make several unique contributions to the teaching-
learning process: self-study for nonreaders, realistic foreign language
practice, stories to stimulate the imagination, and music for physical
activity, to name a few. Cassettes, records, and CDs are abundantly
available in every curricular area and are easy to use. To use audio
media effectively requires an understanding of the hearing-listening
processes and thoughtful selection of materials based on objectives.
Audio media
 RADIO AND TAPE RECORDER
Radio and tape recorders have been used as teaching media in educational settings
for many years, and while they may not be as prevalent as they once were due to the
rise of digital technology, they can still be effective tools for certain teaching and
learning purposes.
PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
Introduction
A Public Address System (PA system) is a sophisticated audio communication
technology. These systems play a pivotal role in facilitating effective
communication in various public and private settings, offering the means to
broadcast messages clearly and efficiently to those present.
Definition
A public address system (PA system) is a sound amplification system that is used to
broadcast audio messages, announcements, music, or other audio content to a large
and often dispersed audience.
Types
❖Wired PA systems: Wired PA systems, also known as hardwired PA
systems, use physical cables to connect microphones, mixers,
amplifiers, and speakers.
❖Wireless PA systems: Wireless PA systems operate without physical
cables, using radio frequency (RF) or infrared (IR) technology to
transmit audio signals between components.
❖Portable PA systems: Portable PA systems are compact, self-
contained units that are easy to transport and set up.
❖Emergency voice alarm systems: These are specialized PA systems
designed for emergency situations. They are used to broadcast critical
information and evacuation instructions during emergencies like fires,
natural disasters, or security threats.
Applications of Public Address System
• Public spaces, Educational institutions, Entertainment venues, Worship
places, Emergency alerts,conference and convention, businesses etc.
Important Considerations
❖Choose the appropriate microphone type for the application,
considering factors like environment, speech or music quality, and
mobility.
❖Ensure clear and high-quality sound reproduction through well-
designed speakers and acoustics.
❖In some settings, PA systems are integrated with emergency voice
alarm systems for safety purposes.
Advantages
• Effective communication, Enhanced safety, Versatility, Time saving,
Remote operation, Accessibility, etc.
Disadvantages
• Noise pollution, Technical issues, Dependence on power, Cost,
Training requirement, Complexity, etc.
 DIGITAL AUDIO
Digital audio can be a powerful teaching aid in various educational
settings, from classrooms to online courses.
Benefits
❑Engagement
❑Accessibility
❑Multimodal Learning
❑Flexibility
❑Reinforcement
❑Language Learning
 COMPUTER
Computer plays a significant role in each and every field of life. They
help us in several ways. For example, they find applications in
medicine, industrial process, aviation industry, making bills in various
big shops and malls, creating slides in application software for making
notes and delivering lectures in colleges, universities and a lot more. In
short, not only in just one, but also the Computer plays an all-rounded
role in the field of education of students.
 WEB-BASED VIDEOCONFERENCING
• Web-based videoconferencing can serve as a powerful teaching media, enabling educators to
deliver engaging and interactive remote instruction. Whether in traditional education settings or for
online courses, web-based videoconferencing offers several advantages for teaching:
• Real-time interaction: Videoconferencing allows for live, real-time interaction between educators
and students. This can foster a sense of presence and immediacy, similar to in-person teaching.
• Global reach: With web-based videoconferencing, educators can reach students from all over the
world, increasing the diversity of perspectives and experiences in the virtual classroom.
• Flexibility: Web-based videoconferencing offers flexibility in terms of scheduling and location.
Students can attend classes from the comfort of their homes or other convenient locations.
• Engagement: Videoconferencing can be highly engaging when used effectively. Educators can use
features like screen sharing, polls, chat, and breakout rooms to create interactive learning
experiences.
• Office hours: Virtual office hours via videoconferencing allow
students to ask questions, seek clarification, and receive one-on-one
support from educators.
• Resource sharing: Educators can share documents, presentations, and
multimedia resources in real time during the videoconference.
• Accessibility: Many videoconferencing platforms offer accessibility
features like closed captioning, screen reader compatibility, and
language translation, making it inclusive for all students.
 E-LEARNING
Definition
E-Learning or “electronic learning,” refers to the use of electronic
technologies, primarily the internet and digital devices, to deliver
educational content and facilitate learning. It encompasses a wide range
of instructional methods, content formats, and technologies aimed at
enhancing the learning experience.
Modes
❖Online courses
❖Virtual classrooms
❖Mobile learning
❖Webinars and online seminars
❖Electronic Health Records Training
❖Telemedicine Training
❖Nursing podcasts and video lectures
Advantages
• Accessibility
Learners can access course materials from anywhere with an internet connection,
removing geographical barriers.
• Flexibility
Students can learn at their own pace, accommodating work, family, and other
commitments.
• Cost effective
It often reduces costs associated with traditional education, such as commuting,
housing, and printed materials. It can also lower institutional costs.
• Consistency
E-learning ensures consistency in content delivery, making it ideal for standardized
training and education.
Disadvantages of E- Learning
❑Lack of face to face interaction
❑Limited social interaction
❑Technical issues
❑Limited hands- on experience
❑High dropout rates
❑Privacy and security concern
 SMART CLASSROOM
The smart classes is a modernized method of education in Indian
education scenario which provides quality education to students by
helping them in better concept formation, concept elaboration,
improvement in reading skills and academic achievement. Technology
benefited us in every aspect of our life right from communication to
education. New methods of teaching have been introduced which is
known as smart class.
Characteristics of a Smart Classrooms
❑Adaptive learning
❑Collaborative learning
❑Computing devices
❑Mutual respect
❑Performance-based assessments
❑Students understand and follow the rules and procedures:
Objectives of Smart Classroom
The following are some objectives for a Smart Class Room application:
❑To help teachers to meet new challenges and developing students’
abilities and performance.
❑To enables teachers to access multimedia content and information that
can be used for teaching students more effectively. Pedagogically
sound and visually rich curriculum resources.
❑To enables teachers to express their views and ensures that every child
is understanding the undertaken concept which ultimately affects his
achievement.
❑To make possible for the concepts to be understood clearly. To makes
abstract concept real.
Components of Smart Class Room
❑Smart Board (6 × 4)
❑Smart LED TV High (Panasonic 42”, 2 USB, Viera connect)
❑Short throw Projector (Panasonic PT-VX400)
❑Video Conferencing Equipment
❑Laptop with Internet connection (with public IP)
❑Document Camera/Visualizer (12 time optical Zoom and 8 time
Digital Zoom)
❑Podium (ITC 6236B, 60W amplifier inbuilt)
❑Video Conferencing—High Definition (Lifesize Express 220) and
Screen Architecture of Smart Classroom at Library
Advantages of Smart Class Room
❑Access to online information
❑Countless resources for making learning more fun and effective
❑Can automate a lot of teaches tedious task
❑Change the way of imparting knowledge
❑Environmental friendly
❑Enhanced teaching/learning experience
❑Increased exposure and wider access to information
Disadvantages of Smart Classroom Technology in Education: A Disconnected
Youth
▪ Can Foster More Cheating in Class and On Assignments
▪ Inevitable Cheating
▪ Inappropriate Data
▪ Lack of Face to Face Interaction
▪ Lesson Planning can become More Labor Intensive
▪ Possible Disconnection of Social Interaction
▪ Students do not have Equal Access to Technological Resources
 TELECOMMUNICATION (DISTANCE EDUCATION)
Telecommunication is the transmission of signs, signals, writings,
words, sounds, messages, and images, by radio, wire, optical, or other
electromagnetic systems. It occurs when there is an interaction of
information between participants with the help of technology. The
internet, which is a part of the telecommunication service, allows
students to enjoy what is known as e-learning or distance learning. This
process permits students to aim for higher education in their preferred
courses.
 SATELLITE BROADCASTING
Satellite broadcasting is a medium of telecommunication that
uses satellites in Earth’s orbit to transmit television, radio,
internet, and other communication signals over vast distances.
It has played a crucial role in delivering content and
connectivity to a global audience.
 VIDEOCONFERENCING TELEPHONES-
TELEHEALTH/TELENURSING
TELEHEALTH
Telehealth, also known as telemedicine, is a rapidly growing field in
healthcare that leverages telecommunication technologies to provide
remote medical services, consultations, and healthcare-related
information exchange. Telehealth encompasses a wide range of services
and applications, and it plays a crucial role in expanding access to
healthcare, particularly in situations where in-person visits are
challenging or not possible
 TELENURSING
Telenursing or telehealth nursing uses technology to provide nursing
services through computers and mobile devices. As mobile devices
become more common and accessible, telehealth is becoming more
prevalent as a healthcare option. Instead of healthcare being limited to
in-person clinical settings, patients can access their physicians and
primary care providers from any location. Telenursing allows patients to
connect with their nurses through mobile devices, computers, mobile
apps, video technology, and remote patient monitoring.
Key Aspects of Telenursing
❑Remote patient monitoring: Telenursing allows RNs to monitor patients’ vital
signs, symptoms, and health status from a distance. Patients may use various
monitoring devices, such as wearable sensors, to collect and transmit data to their
telenursing providers.
❑Telephone consultations: Telenurses often provide healthcare advice and triage
over the phone. Patients can call a telenursing hotline for assistance with their
health concerns, from minor ailments to more serious conditions.
❑Mental health support: Telenursing extends to mental health services, with
telenurses providing counseling, crisis intervention, and support for patients
dealing with mental health issues.
❑Health education: Telenurses offer health education and information to patients,
empowering them to make informed decisions about their health and well-being.
 MOBILE TECHNOLOGY
Mobile Technology In The Classroom
Mobile technology in the classroom refers to the integration of
smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices into the educational
environment. When used effectively, mobile technology can enhance
teaching and learning experiences, engage students, and provide
opportunities for personalized learning.
Advantages
❑It is easier to use mobile device to improve their access to
information.
❑Students are confident that with their mobile devices, they will not be
stranded and will be able to find anything they want to find, right at
the time they need it.
❑The mobile device helps students achieve it faster.
❑Mobile will be faster communication with lecturers and colleagues
❑Ease and comfort of having all course materials in a little device.
❑Mobile devices to create an online discussion forum to encourage
class participation on content topics, even outside the classroom.
Disadvantages
❑Even many psychological issues such as loneliness, being suspicious
all the time, feeling self-centered, etc.
❑Spending most of the time on your phone creates neck problems and
sleep deprivation.
❑Exposure to unwanted things on the internet affects a child’s growth
mentally and even physically.