CITY OF HARARE

HARARE WATER POSITION PAPER: WATER SUPPLY TO UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE The University of Zimbabwe is supplied from Alex Park through a meter along College Road and another along Mt Pleasant Drive. The feeder along College road is by gravity while that in Mt pleasant Drive is through pumping from Alex park reservoirs. The Alex pump station pumps through 525mm mains that braches to supply Gunhill, Highlands reservoirs, Mt pleasant (including the University), Vainona, Pomona. The straight pumping leg (Crowhill leg) feeds as far as Borrowdale Brook. The current water situation in Harare is not adequate, with demand outstripping production. The imbalance in supply and demand is managed through a daily rigorous demand management, where some areas are to be closed off to allow supply to other areas. The most affected areas are the Southern, Northern and Eastern suburbs since these are further away from the source of water (Morton Jaffray). These areas are supplied water for about 2 days per week. To allow water supplies to areas fed by Alex Park reservoirs a number of scenarios are instituted in a way that certain areas receive water at least 2 days a week. Alex pump stations has pumps (New Alex) delivering water to Hatcliffe, Philadelphia (and subsequently to Hogerty Hill, Domboshava, Alphida Barracks and Borrowdale Brook Estates) and pumps (old Alex) supplying water as indicated in the first paragraph. Pumps at Alex Park can only be started when the reservoir level is at least 1.2m to avoid pump cavitations. When Alex reservoirs are at 2.4m pumping can be done through both new and old Alex but with only one pump running from each station to enabled continuous pumping for at least 4hrs. When the levels falls to below 1.8m, new Alex is stopped while the old Alex station is allowed to run with one pump up to 1.2m reservoir level. However when new Alex is running a deliberate decision is made to supply Hatcliffe reservoir or Philadelphia reservoir (for subsequent supply to Hatcliffe
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suburb or Philadelphia, Hogerty Hill, Domboshava, Alphida barracks and Borrowdale Brook Estates). Normally Hatcliffe suburb is favored since it is a high density area with a huge population that cannot drill boreholes as the stand areas are small. When the water supply situation is normal Hatcliffe is supplied water for 14 hours a day (1600hrs to 0600hrs). Those areas supplied by the Philadelphia reservoirs are supplied for at least 2days per week. When old Alex is running the Crowhill feeder and the Mt pleasant feeder are throttled to allow more water to supply the Highlands reservoirs for subsequent supply to Highland suburbs. The situation means there will be little water supplies to areas fed by the Mt Pleasant and the Crowhill legs (including the Unviersity of Zimbabwe). The scenario is usually maintained for at least three days to allow Highland reservoirs to have gained enough water to supply the area for 2days. For supply to Mt Pleasant and areas to the north of Borrowdale road, the Crowhill and Highlands feeders are throttled. As all the areas described above are supplied through Alex Park, and to continuously run at least one pump from Alex the water level should be above 1.8m. To maintain Alex level above 1.8m pumping from warren Control should be maintained at 3 pumps and Morton Jaffray should maintain 6 big pumps and at the same time supplies to Lochnivah and Marimba reservoirs through the medium and small pumps should be limited by opening the valve interlinking these reservoir and Warren control thus supplying more water to Warren Control. If the interlinking valve is kept open for 48hrs Lochnivar and Marimba reservoir will run out and the suburbs of Marimba, Mufakose, Budiriro, Glen Norah, Glenview and the industrial area of Lochnivar and Willovale will be without water. To avoid having the high density areas go without water and at the same time maintain at least two pumps from Warren to Alex pump to continuously run the following areas are closed off for four days a week, Ashdown park, Merryick park, Mabelreign, Marlborough, Bluff Hill, Sentosa, Avonlea, Mt Pleasant Heights and surrounding areas. These areas are normally supplied from Thursday afternoon to Sunday morning. As spelled out a rigorous water demand management is in place to allow each and every resident of Harare to at least get water 2 days per week.

University of Zimbabwe supply. Computation of water supply (see attached basic statistics sheet) the university requires 1ML/day at current situation, with a reservoir of 2.5ML available the university can be supplied for 2 days without any water coming from Alex Park. With the lower parts of the University zoned to be supplied directly from Alex Park, the university reservoir supply can be stretched to 3 days. The demand can be curtailed by conserving water and minimising system losses through repair of leaks, make sure toilets cisterns are closing and urinals are tuned to proper flash level. Water supplies to the university reservoir is calculated at 80cu.m/hr, while the pumping from the university reservoir is rated at 55cu.m/hr, this translate to 25cu.m/hr gain in the reservoir (600cu.m/day). Considering that pumping from the university reservoir is not continuous the gain is much more and is significant at night when demand is low. The gain of 600cu.m/d translates to 0.25m/d. The scenario indicates that when pumping in and out of the reservoir is continuous it requires 24 days to fill the reservoir. If there is no withdrawal from the reservoir and pumping from Alex Park is maintained it takes 32 hours to fill the university reservoir. When pumping from the reservoir is maintained at the current schedule of 0400hrs to 1400hrs continuous pumping and 1 hour intervals up to 2200hrs the reservoir gains by 2.0m per night (1800hrs to 0700hrs). With this pumping schedule the reservoir fills up by each third day if allowed to drop to 2m. Taking water supply situation of Harare and the present system of keeping the university water reservoir at above 4.0m it means the areas under demand management as described previous will not have water as desired and will at times go for prolonged periods without water. For the past three weeks when the University reservoirs water level was being maintained at above 3m the following areas were dry, Highlands, Glenlorne, Borrowdale Brook, Mt pleasant Heights, Vainona, Pomona, Mabelreign, Marlborough, Bluffhill, Avonlea, Sentosa, Dzivaresekwa, Ashdown park and the surrounding areas. The situation is unsustainable and has serious health consequences. Considering the above the most sustainable situation for the University is to have a considerable flow into the reservoir from Sunday afternoon to Thursday evening by closing the other feeders at 1800hrs and open at 0600hrs. Starting Thursday evening the level is allowed to drop but to not less than 2m, this is in anticipation
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of the weekend when demand is low. The system will allow other areas to access water during the weekends as per 2-3 day water supply schedule.

UNIVERISTY OF ZIMBABWE WATER SUPPLY BASIC STATISTICS 1. RESERVOIR CAPACITY = 2.5ML

2. INFLOW RATE INTO UNIVERSITY RESERVOIR FROM ALEX PARK = 80cu.m/hr 3. PUMPING RATE FROM UNIVERSITY RESERVOIR = 55cu.m/hr 4. WEEK DAY CONSUMPTION RATE (Monday 19 September 2011) = 992cu.m/day (62cu.m/hr) 5. WEEK END CONSUMPTION RATE (Saturday 24 September 2011) = 689cu.m/day (38cu.m/hr) 6. NIGHT FLOWS (Monday 24 September 2011) = 82cu.m (20.5cu.m/hr) (Sunday 25 September 2011)= 82cu.m (16.4cu.m/hr)